Enhanced spin polarization of amorphous FexSi1-x thin films revealed by Andreev reflection spectroscopy

Karel, J.; Bouma, D. S.; Martinez, J.; Zhang, Y. N.; Gifford, J. A.; Zhang, J.; Zhao, G. J.; Kim, D. R.; Li, B. C.; Huang, Z. Y.; Wu, R. Q.; Chen, T. Y.; Hellman, F.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.2.064411

Title: Enhanced spin polarization of amorphous $F e_{x} S i_{1 - x}$ thin films revealed by Andreev reflection spectroscopy

Abstract

Point contact Andreev reflection spectroscopy has been utilized to determine the spin polarization of both amorphous and crystalline $$\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_{x}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{i}}_{1{-}x}$$ ($0.58<x<0.68$) thin films. The amorphous materials exhibited a substantial spin polarization (generally greater than 60%), despite significant changes in magnetization and resistivity. In particular, the polarization value in the $x=0.65$ amorphous alloy is about 70%, significantly higher than most ferromagnets, including numerous Heusler compounds that are theoretically predicted to be half-metallic ferromagnets. The composition dependence of the spin polarization in the amorphous materials is proportional to (but substantially larger than) the DFT-calculated values. The polarization of a crystalline thin film with $x=0.65$, by contrast, is only 49%, similar to that of common magnetic metals. The enhanced spin polarization in the amorphous structure is attributed to the modification of the local environments. Finally, this work demonstrates that the spin polarization, as well as magnetic moment, anomalous Hall effect, and electrical resistivity, can be tuned by introducing structural disorder as an engineering tool.

Authors:

Karel, J. ^[1]; Bouma, D. S. ^[2]; Martinez, J. ^[3]; Zhang, Y. N. ^[4]; Gifford, J. A. ^[3]; Zhang, J. ^[3]; Zhao, G. J. ^[3]; Kim, D. R. ^[3]; Li, B. C. ^[3]; Huang, Z. Y. ^[3]; Wu, R. Q. ^[5]; Chen, T. Y. ^[3]; Hellman, F. ^[2]

Monash Univ., Melbourne, VIC (Australia). Dept. of Materials Science and Engineering; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Materials Sciences Division
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Materials Sciences Division; Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics
Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States). Dept. of Physics
Univ. of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu (China). School of Energy Science and Engineering
Univ. of California, Irvine, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy

Publication Date:: Wed Jun 27 00:00:00 EDT 2018

Research Org.:: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Spins and Heat in Nanoscale Electronic Systems (SHINES); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

OSTI Identifier:: 1479419

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1457499

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; SC0012670; FG02-05ER46237

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review Materials

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 2; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 2475-9953

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; ferromagnetism; spin injection; spin polarization; spintronics

Citation Formats


                    Karel, J., Bouma, D. S., Martinez, J., Zhang, Y. N., Gifford, J. A., Zhang, J., Zhao, G. J., Kim, D. R., Li, B. C., Huang, Z. Y., Wu, R. Q., Chen, T. Y., and Hellman, F. Enhanced spin polarization of amorphous FexSi1-x thin films revealed by Andreev reflection spectroscopy.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.2.064411.

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                    Karel, J., Bouma, D. S., Martinez, J., Zhang, Y. N., Gifford, J. A., Zhang, J., Zhao, G. J., Kim, D. R., Li, B. C., Huang, Z. Y., Wu, R. Q., Chen, T. Y., & Hellman, F. Enhanced spin polarization of amorphous FexSi1-x thin films revealed by Andreev reflection spectroscopy.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.2.064411

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                    Karel, J., Bouma, D. S., Martinez, J., Zhang, Y. N., Gifford, J. A., Zhang, J., Zhao, G. J., Kim, D. R., Li, B. C., Huang, Z. Y., Wu, R. Q., Chen, T. Y., and Hellman, F. Wed .  
"Enhanced spin polarization of amorphous FexSi1-x thin films revealed by Andreev reflection spectroscopy".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.2.064411.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1479419.

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@article{osti_1479419,

  title        = {Enhanced spin polarization of amorphous FexSi1-x thin films revealed by Andreev reflection spectroscopy},

  author       = {Karel, J. and Bouma, D. S. and Martinez, J. and Zhang, Y. N. and Gifford, J. A. and Zhang, J. and Zhao, G. J. and Kim, D. R. and Li, B. C. and Huang, Z. Y. and Wu, R. Q. and Chen, T. Y. and Hellman, F.},

  abstractNote = {Point contact Andreev reflection spectroscopy has been utilized to determine the spin polarization of both amorphous and crystalline $\mathrm{F}{\mathrm{e}}_{x}\mathrm{S}{\mathrm{i}}_{1{-}x}$ ($0.58<x<0.68$) thin films. The amorphous materials exhibited a substantial spin polarization (generally greater than 60%), despite significant changes in magnetization and resistivity. In particular, the polarization value in the $x=0.65$ amorphous alloy is about 70%, significantly higher than most ferromagnets, including numerous Heusler compounds that are theoretically predicted to be half-metallic ferromagnets. The composition dependence of the spin polarization in the amorphous materials is proportional to (but substantially larger than) the DFT-calculated values. The polarization of a crystalline thin film with $x=0.65$, by contrast, is only 49%, similar to that of common magnetic metals. The enhanced spin polarization in the amorphous structure is attributed to the modification of the local environments. Finally, this work demonstrates that the spin polarization, as well as magnetic moment, anomalous Hall effect, and electrical resistivity, can be tuned by introducing structural disorder as an engineering tool.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.2.064411},

  journal      = {Physical Review Materials},

  number       = 6,

  volume       = 2,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Wed Jun 27 00:00:00 EDT 2018},

  month        = {Wed Jun 27 00:00:00 EDT 2018}

}

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https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevMaterials.2.064411

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Cited by: 7 works

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Figures / Tables:

Fig. 1: (a) Saturation magnetization at 2K versus x for amorphous and crystalline Fe_xSi_1-x. The open symbols are theoretical calculations, and the closed symbols are experimental data points. The blue open triangles (blue boxes with cross) are theoretical values for the B2 (D0₃) structure (note that B2 and D0₃ havemore »

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Works referencing / citing this record:

Itinerant ferromagnetism and intrinsic anomalous Hall effect in amorphous iron-germanium
text, January 2019

Bouma, D. S.; Chen, Z.; Zhang, B.
arXiv
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Similar Records

Title: Enhanced spin polarization of amorphous F e x S i 1 - x thin films revealed by Andreev reflection spectroscopy

Abstract

Citation Formats

Figures / Tables:

Complex magnetic behavior and high spin polarization in Fe 3 − x Mn x Si alloys journal, March 2011

Spintronics: Fundamentals and applications journal, April 2004

Analysis of point-contact Andreev reflection spectra in spin polarization measurements journal, August 2004

Unified Formalism of Andreev Reflection at a Ferromagnet/Superconductor Interface journal, October 2012

Excess Specific Heat in Evaporated Amorphous Silicon journal, March 2013

Large magnetoresistance in current-perpendicular-to-plane pseudospin valve using a Co2Fe(Ge0.5Ga0.5) Heusler alloy journal, April 2011

Spin polarization and Gilbert damping of Co2Fe(GaxGe1−x) Heusler alloys journal, October 2012

Tunneling states in amorphous solids journal, May 1972

Spin polarization of amorphous CoFeB determined by point-contact Andreev reflection journal, June 2008

Hard x-ray photoemission study of near-Heusler Fe x Si 1 − x alloys journal, May 2011

Effect of chemical order on the magnetic and electronic properties of epitaxial off-stoichiometry F e x S i 1 − x thin films journal, April 2015

Spin transfer torques journal, April 2008

Two-level systems in evaporated amorphous silicon journal, October 2015

Microstructure and spin polarization of quaternary Co2Cr1−xVxAl, Co2V1−xFexAl and Co2Cr1−xFexAl Heusler alloys journal, June 2007

Enhanced Spin Polarization of Co 2 MnGe Heusler Alloy by Substitution of Ga for Ge journal, February 2010

Spin Polarization of CrO 2 at and across an Artificial Barrier journal, April 2002

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Spin polarization of quaternary Co2Cr1−xFexAl Heusler alloys journal, July 2006

Magnetic properties of epitaxial Fe(Si1−xFex) films grown on Si(111) journal, January 1999

Using structural disorder to enhance the magnetism and spin-polarization in Fe x Si 1 − x thin films for spintronics journal, April 2014

Andreev reflection measurements of spin polarization journal, March 2007

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Pronounced effects of additional resistance in Andreev reflection spectroscopy journal, June 2010

Locality of the anomalous Hall conductivity journal, March 2017

Enhanced Curie temperature and spin polarization in Mn4FeGe3 journal, October 2007

Tunneling between ferromagnetic films journal, September 1975

Hydrogen-Free Amorphous Silicon with No Tunneling States journal, July 2014

Direct observation of half-metallicity in the Heusler compound Co2MnSi journal, May 2014

Scaling of the anomalous Hall effect in lower conductivity regimes journal, June 2016

Structural, magnetic, electronic, and spin transport properties of epitaxial Fe 3 Si ∕ GaAs ( 001 ) journal, March 2005

Magnetization studies of binary and ternary alloys based on Fe 3 Si journal, May 1976

Spintronics: fundamentals and applications text, January 2004

Two-Level Systems in Evaporated Amorphous Silicon text, January 2015

Locality of the anomalous Hall conductivity text, January 2017

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Title: Enhanced spin polarization of amorphous $F e_{x} S i_{1 - x}$ thin films revealed by Andreev reflection spectroscopy

Complex magnetic behavior and high spin polarization in Fe $_{3 - x}$ Mn $_{x}$ Si alloys
journal, March 2011

Spintronics: Fundamentals and applications
journal, April 2004

Analysis of point-contact Andreev reflection spectra in spin polarization measurements
journal, August 2004

Unified Formalism of Andreev Reflection at a Ferromagnet/Superconductor Interface
journal, October 2012

Excess Specific Heat in Evaporated Amorphous Silicon
journal, March 2013

Large magnetoresistance in current-perpendicular-to-plane pseudospin valve using a Co2Fe(Ge0.5Ga0.5) Heusler alloy
journal, April 2011

Spin polarization and Gilbert damping of Co2Fe(GaxGe1−x) Heusler alloys
journal, October 2012

Tunneling states in amorphous solids
journal, May 1972

Spin polarization of amorphous CoFeB determined by point-contact Andreev reflection
journal, June 2008

Hard x-ray photoemission study of near-Heusler Fe $_{x}$ Si $_{1 - x}$ alloys
journal, May 2011

Effect of chemical order on the magnetic and electronic properties of epitaxial off-stoichiometry $F e_{x} S i_{1 - x}$ thin films
journal, April 2015

Spin transfer torques
journal, April 2008

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journal, October 2015

Microstructure and spin polarization of quaternary Co2Cr1−xVxAl, Co2V1−xFexAl and Co2Cr1−xFexAl Heusler alloys
journal, June 2007

Enhanced Spin Polarization of Co ₂ MnGe Heusler Alloy by Substitution of Ga for Ge
journal, February 2010

Spin Polarization of ${CrO}_{2}$ at and across an Artificial Barrier
journal, April 2002

Simple rules for the understanding of Heusler compounds
journal, May 2011

Spin polarization of quaternary Co2Cr1−xFexAl Heusler alloys
journal, July 2006

Magnetic properties of epitaxial Fe(Si1−xFex) films grown on Si(111)
journal, January 1999

Using structural disorder to enhance the magnetism and spin-polarization in Fe _x Si _{1 − x} thin films for spintronics
journal, April 2014

Andreev reflection measurements of spin polarization
journal, March 2007

Structure, magnetic property, and spin polarization of Co2FeAlxSi1−x Heusler alloys
journal, August 2007

Pronounced effects of additional resistance in Andreev reflection spectroscopy
journal, June 2010

Locality of the anomalous Hall conductivity
journal, March 2017

Enhanced Curie temperature and spin polarization in Mn4FeGe3
journal, October 2007

Tunneling between ferromagnetic films
journal, September 1975

Hydrogen-Free Amorphous Silicon with No Tunneling States
journal, July 2014

Direct observation of half-metallicity in the Heusler compound Co2MnSi
journal, May 2014

Scaling of the anomalous Hall effect in lower conductivity regimes
journal, June 2016

Structural, magnetic, electronic, and spin transport properties of epitaxial ${Fe}_{3} Si ∕ GaAs (001)$
journal, March 2005

Magnetization studies of binary and ternary alloys based on ${Fe}_{3}$ Si
journal, May 1976

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text, January 2004

Two-Level Systems in Evaporated Amorphous Silicon
text, January 2015

Locality of the anomalous Hall conductivity
text, January 2017

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