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Title: The CU 2-D-MAX-DOAS instrument – Part 1: Retrieval of 3-D distributions of NO2 and azimuth-dependent OVOC ratios

Abstract

Here, we present an innovative instrument telescope and describe a retrieval method to probe three-dimensional (3-D) distributions of atmospheric trace gases that are relevant to air pollution and tropospheric chemistry. The University of Colorado (CU) two-dimensional (2-D) multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (CU 2-D-MAX-DOAS) instrument measures nitrogen dioxide (NO2), formaldehyde (HCHO), glyoxal (CHOCHO), oxygen dimer (O2–O2, or O4), and water vapor (H2O); nitrous acid (HONO), bromine monoxide (BrO), and iodine monoxide (IO) are among other gases that can in principle be measured. Information about aerosols is derived through coupling with a radiative transfer model (RTM). The 2-D telescope has three modes of operation: mode 1 measures solar scattered photons from any pair of elevation angle (–20° < EA < +90° or zenith; zero is to the horizon) and azimuth angle (–180° < AA < +180°; zero being north); mode 2 measures any set of azimuth angles (AAs) at constant elevation angle (EA) (almucantar scans); and mode 3 tracks the direct solar beam via a separate view port. Vertical profiles of trace gases are measured and used to estimate mixing layer height (MLH). Horizontal distributions are then derived using MLH and parameterization of RTM (Sinreich et al., 2013). NO2 is evaluatedmore » at different wavelengths (350, 450, and 560 nm), exploiting the fact that the effective path length varies systematically with wavelength. The area probed is constrained by O4 observations at nearby wavelengths and has a diurnal mean effective radius of 7.0 to 25 km around the instrument location; i.e., up to 1960 km2 can be sampled with high time resolution. The instrument was deployed as part of the Multi-Axis DOAS Comparison campaign for Aerosols and Trace gases (MAD-CAT) in Mainz, Germany, from 7 June to 6 July 2013. We present first measurements (modes 1 and 2 only) and describe a four-step retrieval to derive (a) boundary layer vertical profiles and MLH of NO2; (b) near-surface horizontal distributions of NO2; (c) range-resolved NO2 horizontal distribution measurements using an "onion-peeling" approach; and (d) the ratios HCHO to NO2 (RFN), CHOCHO to NO2 (RGN), and CHOCHO to HCHO (RGF) at 14 pre-set azimuth angles distributed over a 360° view. Three-dimensional distribution measurements with 2-D-MAX-DOAS provide an innovative, regional perspective of trace gases as well as their spatial and temporal concentration gradients, and they maximize information to compare near-surface observations with atmospheric models and satellites.« less

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [1]
  1. Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States); Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), Boulder, CO (United States)
  2. Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
  3. Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), Boulder, CO (United States); Original Code Consulting, Boulder, CO (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1457367
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0006080
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (Online); Journal Volume: 8; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 1867-8548
Publisher:
European Geosciences Union
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY

Citation Formats

Ortega, I., Koenig, T., Sinreich, R., Thomson, D., and Volkamer, Rainer. The CU 2-D-MAX-DOAS instrument – Part 1: Retrieval of 3-D distributions of NO2 and azimuth-dependent OVOC ratios. United States: N. p., 2015. Web. doi:10.5194/amt-8-2371-2015.
Ortega, I., Koenig, T., Sinreich, R., Thomson, D., & Volkamer, Rainer. The CU 2-D-MAX-DOAS instrument – Part 1: Retrieval of 3-D distributions of NO2 and azimuth-dependent OVOC ratios. United States. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2371-2015
Ortega, I., Koenig, T., Sinreich, R., Thomson, D., and Volkamer, Rainer. Mon . "The CU 2-D-MAX-DOAS instrument – Part 1: Retrieval of 3-D distributions of NO2 and azimuth-dependent OVOC ratios". United States. https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-8-2371-2015. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1457367.
@article{osti_1457367,
title = {The CU 2-D-MAX-DOAS instrument – Part 1: Retrieval of 3-D distributions of NO2 and azimuth-dependent OVOC ratios},
author = {Ortega, I. and Koenig, T. and Sinreich, R. and Thomson, D. and Volkamer, Rainer},
abstractNote = {Here, we present an innovative instrument telescope and describe a retrieval method to probe three-dimensional (3-D) distributions of atmospheric trace gases that are relevant to air pollution and tropospheric chemistry. The University of Colorado (CU) two-dimensional (2-D) multi-axis differential optical absorption spectroscopy (CU 2-D-MAX-DOAS) instrument measures nitrogen dioxide (NO2), formaldehyde (HCHO), glyoxal (CHOCHO), oxygen dimer (O2–O2, or O4), and water vapor (H2O); nitrous acid (HONO), bromine monoxide (BrO), and iodine monoxide (IO) are among other gases that can in principle be measured. Information about aerosols is derived through coupling with a radiative transfer model (RTM). The 2-D telescope has three modes of operation: mode 1 measures solar scattered photons from any pair of elevation angle (–20° < EA < +90° or zenith; zero is to the horizon) and azimuth angle (–180° < AA < +180°; zero being north); mode 2 measures any set of azimuth angles (AAs) at constant elevation angle (EA) (almucantar scans); and mode 3 tracks the direct solar beam via a separate view port. Vertical profiles of trace gases are measured and used to estimate mixing layer height (MLH). Horizontal distributions are then derived using MLH and parameterization of RTM (Sinreich et al., 2013). NO2 is evaluated at different wavelengths (350, 450, and 560 nm), exploiting the fact that the effective path length varies systematically with wavelength. The area probed is constrained by O4 observations at nearby wavelengths and has a diurnal mean effective radius of 7.0 to 25 km around the instrument location; i.e., up to 1960 km2 can be sampled with high time resolution. The instrument was deployed as part of the Multi-Axis DOAS Comparison campaign for Aerosols and Trace gases (MAD-CAT) in Mainz, Germany, from 7 June to 6 July 2013. We present first measurements (modes 1 and 2 only) and describe a four-step retrieval to derive (a) boundary layer vertical profiles and MLH of NO2; (b) near-surface horizontal distributions of NO2; (c) range-resolved NO2 horizontal distribution measurements using an "onion-peeling" approach; and (d) the ratios HCHO to NO2 (RFN), CHOCHO to NO2 (RGN), and CHOCHO to HCHO (RGF) at 14 pre-set azimuth angles distributed over a 360° view. Three-dimensional distribution measurements with 2-D-MAX-DOAS provide an innovative, regional perspective of trace gases as well as their spatial and temporal concentration gradients, and they maximize information to compare near-surface observations with atmospheric models and satellites.},
doi = {10.5194/amt-8-2371-2015},
journal = {Atmospheric Measurement Techniques (Online)},
number = 6,
volume = 8,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jun 08 00:00:00 EDT 2015},
month = {Mon Jun 08 00:00:00 EDT 2015}
}

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posted_content, June 2010


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posted_content, August 2010


Observations of glyoxal and formaldehyde as metrics for the anthropogenic impact on rural photochemistry
posted_content, February 2012


The Heidelberg Airborne Imaging DOAS Instrument (HAIDI) – a novel Imaging DOAS device for 2-D and 3-D imaging of trace gases and aerosols
posted_content, March 2014


MAX-DOAS measurements of formaldehyde in the Po-Valley
posted_content, February 2004


Highly resolved global distribution of tropospheric NO2 using GOME narrow swath mode data
posted_content, March 2004


The Cabauw Intercomparison campaign for Nitrogen Dioxide measuring Instruments (CINDI): design, execution, and early results
posted_content, September 2011


Works referencing / citing this record:

First MAX-DOAS Observations of Formaldehyde and Glyoxal in Phimai, Thailand
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Daytime HONO, NO2 and aerosol distributions from MAX-DOAS observations in Melbourne
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Near-surface and path-averaged mixing ratios of NO2 derived from car DOAS zenith-sky and tower DOAS off-axis measurements in Vienna: a case study
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Investigating differences in DOAS retrieval codes using MAD-CAT campaign data
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An improved total and tropospheric NO2 column retrieval for GOME-2
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NO2 vertical profiles and column densities from MAX-DOAS measurements in Mexico City
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Full-azimuthal imaging-DOAS observations of NO2 and O4 during CINDI-2
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Intercomparison of aerosol extinction profiles retrieved from MAX-DOAS measurements
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Investigating differences in DOAS retrieval codes using MAD-CAT campaign data
posted_content, November 2016

  • Peters, Enno; Pinardi, Gaia; Seyler, Andre
  • Atmospheric Measurement Techniques Discussions
  • DOI: 10.5194/amt-2016-358

Daytime HONO, NO2 and aerosol distributions from MAX-DOAS observations in Melbourne
posted_content, May 2018

  • Ryan, Robert G.; Rhodes, Steve; Tully, Matthew
  • Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics Discussions
  • DOI: 10.5194/acp-2018-409

Intercomparison of aerosol extinction profiles retrieved from MAX-DOAS measurements
posted_content, January 2016

  • Frieß, U.; Baltink, H. Klein; Beirle, S.
  • Atmospheric Measurement Techniques
  • DOI: 10.5194/amt-2015-358