Overview: Precipitation characteristics and sensitivities to environmental conditions during GoAmazon2014/5 and ACRIDICON-CHUVA

Machado, Luiz A.  T.; Calheiros, Alan J.  P.; Biscaro, Thiago; Giangrande, Scott; Silva Dias, Maria A.  F.; Cecchini, Micael A.; Albrecht, Rachel; Andreae, Meinrat O.; Araujo, Wagner F.; Artaxo, Paulo; Borrmann, Stephan; Braga, Ramon; Burleyson, Casey; Eichholz, Cristiano W.; Fan, Jiwen; Feng, Zhe; Fisch, Gilberto F.; Jensen, Michael P.; Martin, Scot T.; Poschl, Ulrich; Pohlker, Christopher; Pohlker, Mira L.; Ribaud, Jean-Francois; Rosenfeld, Daniel; Saraiva, Jaci M.  B.; Schumacher, Courtney; Thalman, Ryan; Walter, David; Wendisch, Manfred

doi:10.5194/acp-18-6461-2018

Title: Overview: Precipitation characteristics and sensitivities to environmental conditions during GoAmazon2014/5 and ACRIDICON-CHUVA

Journal Article · 06 May 2018 · Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online)

DOI: https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-6461-2018 · OSTI ID:1457344

^[1]; Calheiros, Alan J. P. ^[1]; Biscaro, Thiago ^[1];

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^[3];

^[4]; Araujo, Wagner F. ^[1];

^[5]; Borrmann, Stephan ^[6]; Braga, Ramon ^[1];

^[7]; Eichholz, Cristiano W. ^[1]; Fan, Jiwen ^[7];

^[7]; Fisch, Gilberto F. ^[8]; Jensen, Michael P. ^[2]; Martin, Scot T. ^[9];

^[6] more »

National Inst. for Space Research (INPE), Sao Jose dos Campos (Brazil)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Univ. of Sao Paulo (Brazil). Inst. of Astronomy, Geophysics, and Atmospheric Sciences
Max Planck Inst. for Chemistry, Mainz (Germany); Univ. of California, San Diego, CA (United States). Scripps Inst. of Oceanography
Univ. of Sao Paulo (Brazil). Inst. of Physics
Max Planck Inst. for Chemistry, Mainz (Germany)
Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
Dept. of Aerospace Science and Technology, Sao Jose dos Campos (Brazil)
Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States)
Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem (Israel)
Amazon Protection System (SIPAM), Manaus (Brazil)
Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States)
Snow College, Richfield, UT (United States)
Leipzig Univ., Leipzig (Germany). Leipzig Inst. for Meteorology

This study provides an overview of precipitation processes and their sensitivities to environmental conditions in the Central Amazon Basin near Manaus during the GoAmazon2014/5 and ACRIDICON-CHUVA experiments. Here, this study takes advantage of the numerous measurement platforms and instrument systems operating during both campaigns to sample cloud structure and environmental conditions during 2014 and 2015; the rainfall variability among seasons, aerosol loading, land surface type, and topography has been carefully characterized using these data. Differences between the wet and dry seasons were examined from a variety of perspectives. The rainfall rates distribution, total amount of rainfall, and raindrop size distribution (the mass-weighted mean diameter) were quantified over both seasons. The dry season generally exhibited higher rainfall rates than the wet season and included more intense rainfall periods. However, the cumulative rainfall during the wet season was 4 times greater than that during the total dry season rainfall, as shown in the total rainfall accumulation data. The typical size and life cycle of Amazon cloud clusters (observed by satellite) and rain cells (observed by radar) were examined, as were differences in these systems between the seasons. Moreover, monthly mean thermodynamic and dynamic variables were analysed using radiosondes to elucidate the differences in rainfall characteristics during the wet and dry seasons. The sensitivity of rainfall to atmospheric aerosol loading was discussed with regard to mass-weighted mean diameter and rain rate. This topic was evaluated only during the wet season due to the insignificant statistics of rainfall events for different aerosol loading ranges and the low frequency of precipitation events during the dry season. The impacts of aerosols on cloud droplet diameter varied based on droplet size. For the wet season, we observed no dependence between land surface type and rain rate. However, during the dry season, urban areas exhibited the largest rainfall rate tail distribution, and deforested regions exhibited the lowest mean rainfall rate. Airplane measurements were taken to characterize and contrast cloud microphysical properties and processes over forested and deforested regions. Vertical motion was not correlated with cloud droplet sizes, but cloud droplet concentration correlated linearly with vertical motion. Clouds over forested areas contained larger droplets than clouds over pastures at all altitudes. Finally, the connections between topography and rain rate were evaluated, with higher rainfall rates identified at higher elevations during the dry season.

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Research Organization:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER) (SC-23)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-76RL01830; SC0012704

OSTI ID:: 1457344

Report Number(s):: BNL--205803-2018-JAAM; PNNL--SA-134180

Journal Information:: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online), Journal Name: Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics (Online) Journal Issue: 9 Vol. 18; ISSN 1680-7324

Publisher:: European Geosciences UnionCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Thresholds for Atmospheric Convection in Amazonian Rainforests Wu, M.; Lee, J. ‐E. Geophysical Research Letters, Vol. 46, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1029/2019gl082909	journal	August 2019
Erosion of the nocturnal boundary layer in the central Amazon during the dry season Carneiro, Rayonil Gomes; Fisch, Gilberto; Borges, Camilla Kassar Acta Amazonica https://doi.org/10.1590/1809-4392201804453	journal	November 2019
Aircraft observations of the chemical composition and aging of aerosol in the Manaus urban plume during GoAmazon 2014/5 Shilling, John E.; Pekour, Mikhail S.; Fortner, Edward C. Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 14 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-10773-2018	journal	January 2018
Aircraft-based observations of isoprene-epoxydiol-derived secondary organic aerosol (IEPOX-SOA) in the tropical upper troposphere over the Amazon region Schulz, Christiane; Schneider, Johannes; Amorim Holanda, Bruna Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 18, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-14979-2018	journal	January 2018
Land cover and its transformation in the backward trajectory footprint region of the Amazon Tall Tower Observatory Pöhlker, Christopher; Walter, David; Paulsen, Hauke Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 13 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-8425-2019	journal	January 2019
X-band dual-polarization radar-based hydrometeor classification for Brazilian tropical precipitation systems Ribaud, Jean-François; Machado, Luiz Augusto Toledo; Biscaro, Thiago Atmospheric Measurement Techniques, Vol. 12, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.5194/amt-12-811-2019	journal	January 2019

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