The survivability of phyllosilicates and carbonates impacting Stardust Al foils: Facilitating the search for cometary water
Abstract
Abstract Comet 81P/Wild 2 samples returned by NASA's Stardust mission provide an unequalled opportunity to study the contents of, and hence conditions and processes operating on, comets. They can potentially validate contentious interpretations of cometary infrared spectra and in situ mass spectrometry data: specifically the identification of phyllosilicates and carbonates. However, Wild 2 dust was collected via impact into capture media at ~6 km s −1 , leading to uncertainty as to whether these minerals were captured intact, and, if subjected to alteration, whether they remain recognizable. We simulated Stardust Al foil capture conditions using a two‐stage light‐gas gun, and directly compared transmission electron microscope analyses of pre‐ and postimpact samples to investigate survivability of lizardite and cronstedtite (phyllosilicates) and calcite (carbonate). We find the phyllosilicates do not survive impact as intact crystalline materials but as moderately to highly vesiculated amorphous residues lining resultant impact craters, whose bulk cation to Si ratios remain close to that of the impacting grain. Closer inspection reveals variation in these elements on a submicron scale, where impact‐induced melting accompanied by reducing conditions (due to the production of oxygen scavenging molten Al from the target foils) has resulted in the production of native silicon and Fe‐ and Fe‐Si‐richmore »
- Authors:
-
- School of Physical Science Centre for Astrophysics and Planetary Sciences University of Kent Canterbury CT2 7NH UK, Department of Earth Sciences Impacts &, Astromaterials Research Centre (IARC) Natural History Museum London SW7 5BD UK
- Hawai'i Institute of Geophysics and Planetology University of Hawai'i at Mānoa 1680 East‐West Road POST 602 Honolulu Hawai'i 96822 USA
- School of Physical Science Centre for Astrophysics and Planetary Sciences University of Kent Canterbury CT2 7NH UK
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory 7000 East Avenue Livermore California 94550 USA
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); USDOE Laboratory Directed Research and Development (LDRD) Program
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1457190
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1401407; OSTI ID: 1430979
- Report Number(s):
- LLNL-JRNL-737684
Journal ID: ISSN 1086-9379
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-07NA27344; NNH07AG46I; NNX14AH86G
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Meteoritics and Planetary Science
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Meteoritics and Planetary Science Journal Volume: 50 Journal Issue: 12; Journal ID: ISSN 1086-9379
- Publisher:
- Wiley-Blackwell
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
Citation Formats
Wozniakiewicz, Penelope J., Ishii, Hope A., Kearsley, Anton T., Bradley, John P., Price, Mark. C., Burchell, Mark J., Teslich, Nick, and Cole, Mike J. The survivability of phyllosilicates and carbonates impacting Stardust Al foils: Facilitating the search for cometary water. United States: N. p., 2015.
Web. doi:10.1111/maps.12568.
Wozniakiewicz, Penelope J., Ishii, Hope A., Kearsley, Anton T., Bradley, John P., Price, Mark. C., Burchell, Mark J., Teslich, Nick, & Cole, Mike J. The survivability of phyllosilicates and carbonates impacting Stardust Al foils: Facilitating the search for cometary water. United States. https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.12568
Wozniakiewicz, Penelope J., Ishii, Hope A., Kearsley, Anton T., Bradley, John P., Price, Mark. C., Burchell, Mark J., Teslich, Nick, and Cole, Mike J. Thu .
"The survivability of phyllosilicates and carbonates impacting Stardust Al foils: Facilitating the search for cometary water". United States. https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.12568.
@article{osti_1457190,
title = {The survivability of phyllosilicates and carbonates impacting Stardust Al foils: Facilitating the search for cometary water},
author = {Wozniakiewicz, Penelope J. and Ishii, Hope A. and Kearsley, Anton T. and Bradley, John P. and Price, Mark. C. and Burchell, Mark J. and Teslich, Nick and Cole, Mike J.},
abstractNote = {Abstract Comet 81P/Wild 2 samples returned by NASA's Stardust mission provide an unequalled opportunity to study the contents of, and hence conditions and processes operating on, comets. They can potentially validate contentious interpretations of cometary infrared spectra and in situ mass spectrometry data: specifically the identification of phyllosilicates and carbonates. However, Wild 2 dust was collected via impact into capture media at ~6 km s −1 , leading to uncertainty as to whether these minerals were captured intact, and, if subjected to alteration, whether they remain recognizable. We simulated Stardust Al foil capture conditions using a two‐stage light‐gas gun, and directly compared transmission electron microscope analyses of pre‐ and postimpact samples to investigate survivability of lizardite and cronstedtite (phyllosilicates) and calcite (carbonate). We find the phyllosilicates do not survive impact as intact crystalline materials but as moderately to highly vesiculated amorphous residues lining resultant impact craters, whose bulk cation to Si ratios remain close to that of the impacting grain. Closer inspection reveals variation in these elements on a submicron scale, where impact‐induced melting accompanied by reducing conditions (due to the production of oxygen scavenging molten Al from the target foils) has resulted in the production of native silicon and Fe‐ and Fe‐Si‐rich phases. In contrast, large areas of crystalline calcite are preserved within the calcite residue, with smaller regions of vesiculated, Al‐bearing calcic glass. Unambiguous identification of calcite impactors on Stardust Al foil is therefore possible, while phyllosilicate impactors may be inferred from vesiculated residues with appropriate bulk cation to Si ratios. Finally, we demonstrate that the characteristic textures and elemental distributions identifying phyllosilicates and carbonates by transmission electron microscopy can also be observed by state‐of‐the‐art scanning electron microscopy providing rapid, nondestructive initial mineral identifications in Stardust residues.},
doi = {10.1111/maps.12568},
journal = {Meteoritics and Planetary Science},
number = 12,
volume = 50,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Nov 05 00:00:00 EST 2015},
month = {Thu Nov 05 00:00:00 EST 2015}
}
https://doi.org/10.1111/maps.12568
Web of Science
Works referenced in this record:
Comet 81P/Wild 2 Under a Microscope
journal, December 2006
- Brownlee, D.; Tsou, P.; Aleon, J.
- Science, Vol. 314, Issue 5806
Shock-induced CO2 loss from CaCO3; implications for early planetary atmospheres
journal, April 1986
- Lange, Manfred A.; Ahrens, Thomas J.
- Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 77, Issue 3-4
An Infrared Spectral Match Between GEMS and Interstellar Grains
journal, September 1999
- Bradley, J. P.
- Science, Vol. 285, Issue 5434
Short-period Jupiter family comets after Stardust
journal, August 2009
- Burchell, M. J.; Kearsley, A. T.
- Planetary and Space Science, Vol. 57, Issue 10
Stardust impact analogs: Resolving pre- and postimpact mineralogy in Stardust Al foils: Stardust Al foil impact analogs
journal, March 2012
- Wozniakiewicz, Penelope J.; Ishii, Hope A.; Kearsley, Anton T.
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 47, Issue 4
Transmission electron microscopy of cometary residues from micron-sized craters in the Stardust Al foils
journal, February 2008
- Leroux, Hugues; STroud, Rhonda M.; Dai, Zu Rong
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 43, Issue 1-2
Post-aragonite phase transformation in CaCO3 at 40 GPa
journal, April 2005
- Ono, S.
- American Mineralogist, Vol. 90, Issue 4
Origin and formation of iron silicide phases in the aerogel of the Stardust mission
journal, February 2008
- Rietmeijer, Frans J. M.; Nakamura, Tomoki; Tsuchiyama, Akira
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 43, Issue 1-2
In situ analysis of residues resulting from laboratory impacts into aluminum 1100 foil: Implications for Stardust crater analyses
journal, October 2009
- Wozniakiewicz, P. J.; Kearsley, A. T.; Burchell, M. J.
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 44, Issue 10
Applied focused ion beam techniques for sample preparation of astromaterials for integrated nanoanalysis
journal, March 2008
- Graham, Giles A.; Teslich, Nick E.; Kearsley, Anton T.
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 43, Issue 3
The 10-MICRON Emission Peak of Comet Bennett 1969i
journal, May 1970
- Maas, R. W.; Ney, E. P.; Woolf, N. J.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 160
Comet 81P/Wild 2: The size distribution of finer (sub-10 μm) dust collected by the Stardust spacecraft: The size distribution of finer dust collected by Stardust
journal, September 2010
- Price, M. C.; Kearsley, A. T.; Burchell, M. J.
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 45, Issue 9
Evidence for aqueous activity on comet 81P/Wild 2 from sulfide mineral assemblages in Stardust samples and CI chondrites
journal, June 2011
- Berger, Eve L.; Zega, Thomas J.; Keller, Lindsay P.
- Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta, Vol. 75, Issue 12
Current trends for EELS studies in physics
journal, January 1991
- Batson, Philip Edward
- Microscopy Microanalysis Microstructures, Vol. 2, Issue 2-3
Compositional trends in rock-forming elements of comet Halley dust
journal, October 1992
- Fomenkova, M.; Kerridge, J.; Marti, K.
- Science, Vol. 258, Issue 5080
A Nebular Origin for Chondritic Fine-Grained Phyllosilicates
journal, January 2003
- Ciesla, F. J.
- Science, Vol. 299, Issue 5606
Survival of refractory presolar grain analogs during Stardust-like impact into Al foils: Implications for Wild 2 presolar grain abundances and study of the cometary fine fraction
journal, July 2015
- Croat, T. K.; Floss, C.; Haas, B. A.
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 50, Issue 8
Hypervelocity impact studies using the 2 MV Van de Graaff accelerator and two-stage light gas gun of the University of Kent at Canterbury
journal, January 1999
- Burchell, M. J.; Cole, M. J.; McDonnell, J. A. M.
- Measurement Science and Technology, Vol. 10, Issue 1
The phase diagram of CaCO3 in relation to shock compression and decomposition
journal, January 2002
- Ivanov, Boris A.; Deutsch, Alex
- Physics of the Earth and Planetary Interiors, Vol. 129, Issue 1-2
Characteristics of cometary dust tracks in Stardust aerogel and laboratory calibrations
journal, February 2008
- Burchell, M. J.; Fairey, S. A. J.; Wozniakiewicz, P.
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 43, Issue 1-2
The 8-13 micron spectra of comets and the composition of silicate grains
journal, April 1994
- Hanner, M. S.; Lynch, D. K.; Russell, R. W.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 425
Thermal alteration of hydrated minerals during hypervelocity capture to silica aerogel at the flyby speed of Stardust
journal, March 2007
- Noguchi, Takaaki; Nakamura, Tomoki; Okudaira, Kyoko
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 42, Issue 3
Comparing Wild 2 particles to chondrites and IDPs
journal, February 2008
- Zolensky, Michael; Nakamura-Messenger, Keiko; Rietmeijer, Frans
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 43, Issue 1-2
Comparison of Comet 81P/Wild 2 Dust with Interplanetary Dust from Comets
journal, January 2008
- Ishii, H. A.; Bradley, J. P.; Dai, Z. R.
- Science, Vol. 319, Issue 5862
Small is beautiful: The analysis of nanogram-sized astromaterials
journal, January 2000
- Zolensky, M. E.; Pieters, C.; Clark, B.
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 35, Issue 1
Impact Features on Stardust: Implications for Comet 81P/Wild 2 Dust
journal, December 2006
- Horz, F.; Bastien, R.; Borg, J.
- Science, Vol. 314, Issue 5806
Mineralogical investigations of experimentally shocked dolomite: Implications for the outgassing of carbonates
book, January 2002
- Skála, Roman; Ederová, Jana; Matějka, Pavel
- Catastrophic events and mass extinctions: impacts and beyond
Observations of impact-induced molten metal-silicate partitioning
journal, March 1994
- Rowan, Linda R.; Ahrens, Thomas J.
- Earth and Planetary Science Letters, Vol. 122, Issue 1-2
Evaporation metamorphism in the early solar nebula. Evaporation experiments on the melt FeO-MgO-SiO2-CaO-Al2O3 and chemical fractionations of primitive materials.
journal, January 1983
- Hashimoto, Akihiko
- GEOCHEMICAL JOURNAL, Vol. 17, Issue 3
ELNES across interlayers in SiC(Nicalon) fibre-reinforced Duran glass
journal, July 1996
- Schneider, R.; Woltersdorf, J.; Lichtenberger, O.
- Journal of Physics D: Applied Physics, Vol. 29, Issue 7
Comprehensive examination of large mineral and rock fragments in Stardust tracks: Mineralogy, analogous extraterrestrial materials, and source regions: Large mineral and rock fragments in Stardust tracks
journal, April 2012
- Joswiak, David J.; Brownlee, Donald E.; Matrajt, Graciela
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 47, Issue 4
Origin of native silicon and iron silicides in the Dhofar 280 lunar meteorite
journal, March 2015
- Nazarov, M. A.; Shornikov, S. I.; Demidova, S. I.
- Petrology, Vol. 23, Issue 2
Pseudotachylites Generated in Shock Experiments: Implications for Impact Cratering Products and Processes
journal, October 1995
- Fiske, P. S.; Nellis, W. J.; Lipp, M.
- Science, Vol. 270, Issue 5234
Identification of mineral impactors in hypervelocity impact craters in aluminum by Raman spectroscopy of residues
journal, February 2008
- Burchell, M. J.; Foster, N. J.; Kearsley, A. T.
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 43, Issue 1-2
A high-pressure phase transition of calcite-III
journal, October 2005
- Catalli, K.
- American Mineralogist, Vol. 90, Issue 10
Investigation of iron sulfide impact crater residues: A combined analysis by scanning and transmission electron microscopy: Stardust impact analogues: Iron sulfides
journal, July 2011
- Wozniakiewicz, Penelope J.; Ishii, Hope A.; Kearsley, Anton T.
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 46, Issue 7
The shape and composition of interstellar silicate grains
journal, November 2006
- Min, M.; Waters, L. B. F. M.; de Koter, A.
- Astronomy & Astrophysics, Vol. 462, Issue 2
Analytical scanning and transmission electron microscopy of laboratory impacts on Stardust aluminum foils: Interpreting impact crater morphology and the composition of impact residues
journal, February 2007
- Kearsley, Anton T.; Graham, Giles A.; Burchell, Mark J.
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 42, Issue 2
Spitzer Spectral Observations of the Deep Impact Ejecta
journal, August 2006
- Lisse, C. M.
- Science, Vol. 313, Issue 5787
Abstracts for the 73rd Annual Meeting of the Meteoritical Society
journal, July 2010
- ,
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 45, Issue s1
Bulbous tracks arising from hypervelocity capture in aerogel
journal, February 2008
- Trigo-Rodríguez, Josep M.; Domínguez, Gerardo; Burchell, Mark J.
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 43, Issue 1-2
Structure and fragmentation of meteoroids
journal, November 1969
- Verniani, Franco
- Space Science Reviews, Vol. 10, Issue 2
Lightning Strike Fusion: Extreme Reduction and Metal-Silicate Liquid Immiscibility
journal, October 1986
- Essene, E. J.; Fisher, D. C.
- Science, Vol. 234, Issue 4773
A ‘dry’ condensation origin for circumstellar carbonates
journal, October 2005
- Toppani, Alice; Robert, François; Libourel, Guy
- Nature, Vol. 437, Issue 7062
Cosmic dust Collection in Aerogel
journal, May 2006
- Burchell, Mark J.; Graham, Giles; Kearsley, Anton
- Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Vol. 34, Issue 1
Dust from comet Wild 2: Interpreting particle size, shape, structure, and composition from impact features on the Stardust aluminum foils
journal, February 2008
- Kearsley, A. T.; Borg, J.; Graham, G. A.
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 43, Issue 1-2
Stardust: Comet and interstellar dust sample return mission
journal, January 2003
- Brownlee, D. E.
- Journal of Geophysical Research, Vol. 108, Issue E10
Native silicon and iron silicides in the Dhofar 280 lunar meteorite
journal, November 2012
- Nazarov, M. A.; Demidova, S. I.; Anosova, M. O.
- Petrology, Vol. 20, Issue 6
The Spectrum of Comet Hale-Bopp (C/1995 O1) Observed with the Infrared Space Observatory at 2.9 Astronomical Units from the Sun
journal, March 1997
- Crovisier, J.
- Science, Vol. 275, Issue 5308
The Abundance of Presolar Grains in Comet 81p/Wild 2
journal, January 2013
- Floss, Christine; Stadermann, Frank J.; Kearsley, Anton T.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 763, Issue 2
Space weathering on airless planetary bodies: Clues from the lunar mineral hapkeite
journal, April 2004
- Anand, M.; Taylor, L. A.; Nazarov, M. A.
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 101, Issue 18
Laboratory simulation of impacts on aluminum foils of the Stardust spacecraft: Calibration of dust particle size from comet Wild-2
journal, February 2006
- Kearsley, A. T.; Burchell, M. J.; Hörz, F.
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 41, Issue 2
Laboratory infrared transmission spectra of individual interplanetary dust particles from 2.5 to 25 microns
journal, April 1985
- Sandford, S. A.; Walker, R. M.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 291
A Review and Evaluation of Specific Heat Capacities of Rocks, Minerals, and Subsurface Fluids. Part 1: Minerals and Nonporous Rocks
journal, June 2004
- Waples, Douglas W.; Waples, Jacob S.
- Natural Resources Research, Vol. 13, Issue 2, p. 97-122
Shock recovery experiments on dolomite and thermodynamical calculations of impact induced decarbonation
journal, August 1995
- Martinez, Isabelle; Deutsch, Alexander; Schärer, Urs
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Solid Earth, Vol. 100, Issue B8
Interpretation of Wild 2 dust fine structure: Comparison of Stardust aluminum foil craters to the three-dimensional shape of experimental impacts by artificial aggregate particles and meteorite powders
journal, October 2009
- Kearsley, A. T.; Burchell, M. J.; Price, M. C.
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 44, Issue 10
The origin of crystalline residues in Stardust Al foils: Surviving cometary dust or crystallized impact melts?: The origin of crystalline residues in Stardust Al foils
journal, January 2012
- Wozniakiewicz, Penelope J.; Kearsley, Anton T.; Ishii, Hope A.
- Meteoritics & Planetary Science, Vol. 47, Issue 4
Phase relations of CaCO 3 at high pressure and high temperature
journal, September 2001
- Suito, Kaichi; Namba, Junpei; Horikawa, Takashi
- American Mineralogist, Vol. 86, Issue 9
Mineralogy and Petrology of Comet 81P/Wild 2 Nucleus Samples
journal, December 2006
- Zolensky, M. E.; Zega, T. J.; Yano, H.
- Science, Vol. 314, Issue 5806