Large-Scale Environmental Characteristics of MJOs that Strengthen and Weaken over the Maritime Continent

Burleyson, Casey D.; Hagos, Samson M.; Feng, Zhe; Kerns, Brandon W. J.; Kim, Daehyun

doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0576.1

Title: Large-Scale Environmental Characteristics of MJOs that Strengthen and Weaken over the Maritime Continent

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Abstract

Abstract The characteristics of Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) events that strengthen and weaken over the Maritime Continent (MC) are examined. The real-time multivariate MJO (RMM) index is used to assess changes in global MJO amplitude over the MC. The MJO weakens at least twice as often as it strengthens over the MC, with weakening MJOs being twice as likely during El Niño compared to La Niña years and the reverse for strengthening events. MJO weakening shows a pronounced seasonal cycle that has not been previously documented. During the Northern Hemisphere (NH) summer and fall the RMM index can strengthen over the MC. MJOs that approach the MC during the NH winter typically weaken according to the RMM index. This seasonal cycle corresponds to whether the MJO crosses the MC primarily north or south of the equator. Because of the seasonal cycle, weakening MJOs are characterized by positive sea surface temperature and moist-static energy anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) of the MC compared to strengthening events. Analysis of the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) MJO index (OMI) shows that MJO precipitation weakens when it crosses the MC along the equator. A possible explanation of this based on previous results is that themore »« less

Authors:

Burleyson, Casey D. ^[1]; Hagos, Samson M. ^[1]; Feng, Zhe ^[1]; Kerns, Brandon W. J. ^[2]; Kim, Daehyun ^[2]

Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington
University of Washington, Seattle, Washington

Publication Date:: Mon Jun 25 00:00:00 EDT 2018

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)

OSTI Identifier:: 1457099

Resource Type:: Published Article

Journal Name:: Journal of Climate

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Name: Journal of Climate Journal Volume: 31 Journal Issue: 14; Journal ID: ISSN 0894-8755

Publisher:: American Meteorological Society

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Citation Formats


                    Burleyson, Casey D., Hagos, Samson M., Feng, Zhe, Kerns, Brandon W. J., and Kim, Daehyun. Large-Scale Environmental Characteristics of MJOs that Strengthen and Weaken over the Maritime Continent.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0576.1.

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                    Burleyson, Casey D., Hagos, Samson M., Feng, Zhe, Kerns, Brandon W. J., & Kim, Daehyun. Large-Scale Environmental Characteristics of MJOs that Strengthen and Weaken over the Maritime Continent.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0576.1

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                    Burleyson, Casey D., Hagos, Samson M., Feng, Zhe, Kerns, Brandon W. J., and Kim, Daehyun. Mon .  
"Large-Scale Environmental Characteristics of MJOs that Strengthen and Weaken over the Maritime Continent".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0576.1.

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@article{osti_1457099,

  title        = {Large-Scale Environmental Characteristics of MJOs that Strengthen and Weaken over the Maritime Continent},

  author       = {Burleyson, Casey D. and Hagos, Samson M. and Feng, Zhe and Kerns, Brandon W. J. and Kim, Daehyun},

  abstractNote = {Abstract The characteristics of Madden–Julian oscillation (MJO) events that strengthen and weaken over the Maritime Continent (MC) are examined. The real-time multivariate MJO (RMM) index is used to assess changes in global MJO amplitude over the MC. The MJO weakens at least twice as often as it strengthens over the MC, with weakening MJOs being twice as likely during El Niño compared to La Niña years and the reverse for strengthening events. MJO weakening shows a pronounced seasonal cycle that has not been previously documented. During the Northern Hemisphere (NH) summer and fall the RMM index can strengthen over the MC. MJOs that approach the MC during the NH winter typically weaken according to the RMM index. This seasonal cycle corresponds to whether the MJO crosses the MC primarily north or south of the equator. Because of the seasonal cycle, weakening MJOs are characterized by positive sea surface temperature and moist-static energy anomalies in the Southern Hemisphere (SH) of the MC compared to strengthening events. Analysis of the outgoing longwave radiation (OLR) MJO index (OMI) shows that MJO precipitation weakens when it crosses the MC along the equator. A possible explanation of this based on previous results is that the MJO encounters more landmasses and taller mountains when crossing along the equator or in the SH. The new finding of a seasonal cycle in MJO weakening over the MC highlights the importance of sampling MJOs throughout the year in future field campaigns designed to study MJO–MC interactions.},

  doi          = {10.1175/JCLI-D-17-0576.1},

  journal      = {Journal of Climate},

  number       = 14,

  volume       = 31,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Jun 25 00:00:00 EDT 2018},

  month        = {Mon Jun 25 00:00:00 EDT 2018}

}

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