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Title: Illuminating gravitational waves: A concordant picture of photons from a neutron star merger

Abstract

Merging neutron stars offer an excellent laboratory for simultaneously studying strong-field gravity and matter in extreme environments. We establish the physical association of an electromagnetic counterpart (EM170817) with gravitational waves (GW170817) detected from merging neutron stars. By synthesizing a panchromatic data set, we demonstrate that merging neutron stars are a long-sought production site forging heavy elements by r-process nucleosynthesis. The weak gamma rays seen in EM170817 are dissimilar to classical short gamma-ray bursts with ultrarelativistic jets. Instead, we suggest that breakout of a wide-angle, mildly relativistic cocoon engulfing the jet explains the low-luminosity gamma rays, the high-luminosity ultraviolet-optical-infrared, and the delayed radio and x-ray emission. We posit that all neutron star mergers may lead to a wide-angle cocoon breakout, sometimes accompanied by a successful jet and sometimes by a choked jet.

Authors:
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  1. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Division of Physics, Math and Astronomy
  2. Tel Aviv Univ., Ramat Aviv (Israel). Raymond and Beverly Sackler School of Physics and Astronomy
  3. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States). Astroparticle Physics Lab.; Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States). Joint Space-Science Inst.
  4. Univ. of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, WI (United States). Dept. of Physics
  5. Stockholm Univ. (Sweden). Oskar Klein Centre, Dept. of Physics
  6. Simons Foundation, New York, NY (United States). Center for Computational Astrophysics, Flatiron Inst.
  7. Liverpool John Moores Univ., Liverpool (United Kingdom). Astrophysics Research Inst.
  8. National Central Univ., Taoyuan City (Taiwan). Graduate Inst. of Astronomy
  9. Hebrew Univ. of Jerusalem (Israel). Racah Inst. of Physics
  10. Univ. of Sydney, NSW (Australia). Sydney Inst. for Astronomy, School of Physics; ARC Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics in 3 Dimensions (ASTRO 3D), (Australia)
  11. Indian Inst. of Astrophysics, Bangalore (India)
  12. Indian Inst. of Science Education and Research, Pashan, Pune (India)
  13. Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Astronomy and Space Science, NSW (Australia). Australia Telescope National Facility
  14. Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
  15. Columbia Univ., New York, NY (United States). Columbia Astrophysics Lab.
  16. South African Astronomical (SAAO), Cape Town (South Africa)
  17. Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States). Dept. of Astronomy
  18. Indian Inst. of Technology Bombay, Mumbai (India). Dept. of Physics
  19. Inter-Univ. Centre for Astronomy and Astrophysics, Pune (India)
  20. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Astronomy; Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
  21. George Washington Univ., Washington, DC (United States). Dept. of Physics
  22. Liverpool John Moores Univ., Liverpool (United Kingdom). Astrophysics Research Inst.
  23. Texas Tech Univ., Lubbock, TX (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
  24. Univ. of Sydney, NSW (Australia). Sydney Inst. for Astronomy, School of Physics A28, and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO); Australia Telescope National Facility, Commonwealth Scientific and Industrial Research Organisation, Astronomy and Space Science, Epping, NSW (Australia)
  25. Univ. College London, Dorking (United Kingdom). Mullard Space Science Lab.
  26. Univ. of Leicester (United Kingdom). Leicester Inst. for Space and Earth Observation, Dept. of Physics & Astronomy
  27. Space Telescope Science Inst., Baltimore, MD (United States)
  28. National Radio Astronomy Observatory, Socorro, NM (United States)
  29. Univ. of Southampton (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy; Univ. of Portsmouth (United Kingdom). Inst. of Cosmology and Gravitation
  30. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Infrared Processing and Analysis Center
  31. Radboud Univ., Nijmegen (Netherlands). Inst of Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics
  32. Tokyo Inst. of Technology, Tokyo (Japan). Dept. of Physics
  33. Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Astronomy, and Dept. of Physics
  34. Gemini Observatory, Casilla, La Serena (Chile)
  35. Univ. of Sydney, NSW (Australia). Sydney Inst. for Astronomy, School of Physics, and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for All-sky Astrophysics (CAASTRO)
  36. Liverpool John Moores Univ., Liverpool (United Kingdom). Astrophysics Research Inst.; Max-Planck Inst. for Astrophysics, Garching (Germany)
  37. Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Center for Interdisciplinary Exploration and Research in Astrophysics (CIERA) and Dept. of Physics and Astronomy; Adler Planetarium, Chicago, IL (United States)
  38. Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom). Astrophysics, Dept. of Physics
  39. Radboud Univ., Nijmegen (Netherlands). Inst. of Mathematics, Astrophysics and Particle Physics
  40. Weizmann Inst. of Science, Rehovot (Israel). Dept. of Particle Physics & Astrophysics
  41. San Diego State Univ., San Diego, CA (United States). Dept. of Astronomy; Univ. of Tokyo (Japan). Kavli Inst. for the Physics and Mathematics of the Universe (WPI), The Univ. of Tokyo Inst. for Advanced Study
  42. Stockholm Univ. (Sweden). Oskar Klein Centre, Dept. of Astronomy
  43. Univ. of California, Merced, CA (United States)
  44. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Division of Physics, Math and Astronomy; California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States). Infrared Processing and Analysis Center
  45. Tokyo Inst. of Technology, Tokyo (Japan)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR); National Science Foundation (SFN); Australian Research Council (ARC)
OSTI Identifier:
1456988
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231; 1277/13; SC0012160; FT150100099; PF7-180162; DGE1144469; MOST104-2923-M-008-004-MY5; MOST106-2112-M-008-007
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Science
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 358; Journal Issue: 6370; Journal ID: ISSN 0036-8075
Publisher:
AAAS
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS

Citation Formats

Kasliwal, M. M., Nakar, E., Singer, L. P., Kaplan, D. L., Cook, D. O., Van Sistine, A., Lau, R. M., Fremling, C., Gottlieb, O., Jencson, J. E., Adams, S. M., Feindt, U., Hotokezaka, K., Ghosh, S., Perley, D. A., Yu, P. -C., Piran, T., Allison, J. R., Anupama, G. C., Balasubramanian, A., Bannister, K. W., Bally, J., Barnes, J., Barway, S., Bellm, E., Bhalerao, V., Bhattacharya, D., Blagorodnova, N., Bloom, J. S., Brady, P. R., Cannella, C., Chatterjee, D., Cenko, S. B., Cobb, B. E., Copperwheat, C., Corsi, A., De, K., Dobie, D., Emery, S. W. K., Evans, P. A., Fox, O. D., Frail, D. A., Frohmaier, C., Goobar, A., Hallinan, G., Harrison, F., Helou, G., Hinderer, T., Ho, A. Y. Q., Horesh, A., Ip, W. -H., Itoh, R., Kasen, D., Kim, H., Kuin, N. P. M., Kupfer, T., Lynch, C., Madsen, K., Mazzali, P. A., Miller, A. A., Mooley, K., Murphy, T., Ngeow, C. -C., Nichols, D., Nissanke, S., Nugent, P., Ofek, E. O., Qi, H., Quimby, R. M., Rosswog, S., Rusu, F., Sadler, E. M., Schmidt, P., Sollerman, J., Steele, I., Williamson, A. R., Xu, Y., Yan, L., Yatsu, Y., Zhang, C., and Zhao, W. Illuminating gravitational waves: A concordant picture of photons from a neutron star merger. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.1126/science.aap9455.
Kasliwal, M. M., Nakar, E., Singer, L. P., Kaplan, D. L., Cook, D. O., Van Sistine, A., Lau, R. M., Fremling, C., Gottlieb, O., Jencson, J. E., Adams, S. M., Feindt, U., Hotokezaka, K., Ghosh, S., Perley, D. A., Yu, P. -C., Piran, T., Allison, J. R., Anupama, G. C., Balasubramanian, A., Bannister, K. W., Bally, J., Barnes, J., Barway, S., Bellm, E., Bhalerao, V., Bhattacharya, D., Blagorodnova, N., Bloom, J. S., Brady, P. R., Cannella, C., Chatterjee, D., Cenko, S. B., Cobb, B. E., Copperwheat, C., Corsi, A., De, K., Dobie, D., Emery, S. W. K., Evans, P. A., Fox, O. D., Frail, D. A., Frohmaier, C., Goobar, A., Hallinan, G., Harrison, F., Helou, G., Hinderer, T., Ho, A. Y. Q., Horesh, A., Ip, W. -H., Itoh, R., Kasen, D., Kim, H., Kuin, N. P. M., Kupfer, T., Lynch, C., Madsen, K., Mazzali, P. A., Miller, A. A., Mooley, K., Murphy, T., Ngeow, C. -C., Nichols, D., Nissanke, S., Nugent, P., Ofek, E. O., Qi, H., Quimby, R. M., Rosswog, S., Rusu, F., Sadler, E. M., Schmidt, P., Sollerman, J., Steele, I., Williamson, A. R., Xu, Y., Yan, L., Yatsu, Y., Zhang, C., & Zhao, W. Illuminating gravitational waves: A concordant picture of photons from a neutron star merger. United States. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap9455
Kasliwal, M. M., Nakar, E., Singer, L. P., Kaplan, D. L., Cook, D. O., Van Sistine, A., Lau, R. M., Fremling, C., Gottlieb, O., Jencson, J. E., Adams, S. M., Feindt, U., Hotokezaka, K., Ghosh, S., Perley, D. A., Yu, P. -C., Piran, T., Allison, J. R., Anupama, G. C., Balasubramanian, A., Bannister, K. W., Bally, J., Barnes, J., Barway, S., Bellm, E., Bhalerao, V., Bhattacharya, D., Blagorodnova, N., Bloom, J. S., Brady, P. R., Cannella, C., Chatterjee, D., Cenko, S. B., Cobb, B. E., Copperwheat, C., Corsi, A., De, K., Dobie, D., Emery, S. W. K., Evans, P. A., Fox, O. D., Frail, D. A., Frohmaier, C., Goobar, A., Hallinan, G., Harrison, F., Helou, G., Hinderer, T., Ho, A. Y. Q., Horesh, A., Ip, W. -H., Itoh, R., Kasen, D., Kim, H., Kuin, N. P. M., Kupfer, T., Lynch, C., Madsen, K., Mazzali, P. A., Miller, A. A., Mooley, K., Murphy, T., Ngeow, C. -C., Nichols, D., Nissanke, S., Nugent, P., Ofek, E. O., Qi, H., Quimby, R. M., Rosswog, S., Rusu, F., Sadler, E. M., Schmidt, P., Sollerman, J., Steele, I., Williamson, A. R., Xu, Y., Yan, L., Yatsu, Y., Zhang, C., and Zhao, W. Mon . "Illuminating gravitational waves: A concordant picture of photons from a neutron star merger". United States. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.aap9455. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1456988.
@article{osti_1456988,
title = {Illuminating gravitational waves: A concordant picture of photons from a neutron star merger},
author = {Kasliwal, M. M. and Nakar, E. and Singer, L. P. and Kaplan, D. L. and Cook, D. O. and Van Sistine, A. and Lau, R. M. and Fremling, C. and Gottlieb, O. and Jencson, J. E. and Adams, S. M. and Feindt, U. and Hotokezaka, K. and Ghosh, S. and Perley, D. A. and Yu, P. -C. and Piran, T. and Allison, J. R. and Anupama, G. C. and Balasubramanian, A. and Bannister, K. W. and Bally, J. and Barnes, J. and Barway, S. and Bellm, E. and Bhalerao, V. and Bhattacharya, D. and Blagorodnova, N. and Bloom, J. S. and Brady, P. R. and Cannella, C. and Chatterjee, D. and Cenko, S. B. and Cobb, B. E. and Copperwheat, C. and Corsi, A. and De, K. and Dobie, D. and Emery, S. W. K. and Evans, P. A. and Fox, O. D. and Frail, D. A. and Frohmaier, C. and Goobar, A. and Hallinan, G. and Harrison, F. and Helou, G. and Hinderer, T. and Ho, A. Y. Q. and Horesh, A. and Ip, W. -H. and Itoh, R. and Kasen, D. and Kim, H. and Kuin, N. P. M. and Kupfer, T. and Lynch, C. and Madsen, K. and Mazzali, P. A. and Miller, A. A. and Mooley, K. and Murphy, T. and Ngeow, C. -C. and Nichols, D. and Nissanke, S. and Nugent, P. and Ofek, E. O. and Qi, H. and Quimby, R. M. and Rosswog, S. and Rusu, F. and Sadler, E. M. and Schmidt, P. and Sollerman, J. and Steele, I. and Williamson, A. R. and Xu, Y. and Yan, L. and Yatsu, Y. and Zhang, C. and Zhao, W.},
abstractNote = {Merging neutron stars offer an excellent laboratory for simultaneously studying strong-field gravity and matter in extreme environments. We establish the physical association of an electromagnetic counterpart (EM170817) with gravitational waves (GW170817) detected from merging neutron stars. By synthesizing a panchromatic data set, we demonstrate that merging neutron stars are a long-sought production site forging heavy elements by r-process nucleosynthesis. The weak gamma rays seen in EM170817 are dissimilar to classical short gamma-ray bursts with ultrarelativistic jets. Instead, we suggest that breakout of a wide-angle, mildly relativistic cocoon engulfing the jet explains the low-luminosity gamma rays, the high-luminosity ultraviolet-optical-infrared, and the delayed radio and x-ray emission. We posit that all neutron star mergers may lead to a wide-angle cocoon breakout, sometimes accompanied by a successful jet and sometimes by a choked jet.},
doi = {10.1126/science.aap9455},
journal = {Science},
number = 6370,
volume = 358,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Oct 16 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Mon Oct 16 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}

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  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aad32d

Radio Sky Maps of the GRB 170817A Afterglow from Simulations
journal, September 2018

  • Zrake, Jonathan; Xie, Xiaoyi; MacFadyen, Andrew
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 865, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aaddf8

The Optical Afterglow of GW170817 at One Year Post-merger
journal, January 2019


Multi-messenger Extended Emission from the Compact Remnant in GW170817
journal, April 2019

  • van Putten, Maurice H. P. M.; Della Valle, Massimo; Levinson, Amir
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 876, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab18a2

GW170817: The key to the door of multi-messenger astronomy including gravitational waves
journal, February 2018


Superluminal motion of a relativistic jet in the neutron-star merger GW170817
journal, September 2018


LOFAR 144-MHz follow-up observations of GW170817
journal, April 2020

  • Broderick, J. W.; Shimwell, T. W.; Gourdji, K.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 494, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa950

Pulsar glitches in a strangeon star model
journal, February 2018

  • Lai, X. Y.; Yun, C. A.; Lu, J. G.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 476, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty474

Compton echoes from nearby gamma-ray bursts
journal, March 2018

  • Beniamini, Paz; Giannios, Dimitrios; Younes, George
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 476, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty616

Binary neutron star merger rate via the luminosity function of short gamma-ray bursts
journal, April 2018

  • Paul, Debdutta
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 477, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty840

An unusual transient following the short GRB 071227
journal, July 2019

  • Eyles, R. A. J.; O’Brien, P. T.; Wiersema, K.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 489, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz2040

The spectrum of a fast shock breakout from a stellar wind
journal, January 2019

  • Ioka, Kunihito; Levinson, Amir; Nakar, Ehud
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 484, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz270

Gravitational waves from supernova mass loss and natal kicks in close binaries
journal, October 2019

  • Holgado, A. Miguel; Ricker, Paul M.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 490, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz2925

Monte Carlo simulations of relativistic radiation-mediated shocks: II. photon-starved regime
journal, December 2019

  • Ito, Hirotaka; Levinson, Amir; Nagataki, Shigehiro
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 492, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz3591

Generalized compactness limit from an arbitrary viewing angle
journal, April 2019

  • Matsumoto, Tatsuya; Nakar, Ehud; Piran, Tsvi
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 486, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz923

Observational evidence for extended emission to GW170817
journal, September 2018

  • van Putten, Maurice H. P. M.; Della Valle, Massimo
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 482, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnrasl/sly166

An optical search for transients lasting a few seconds
journal, December 2019

  • Richmond, Michael W.; Tanaka, Masaomi; Morokuma, Tomoki
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of Japan
  • DOI: 10.1093/pasj/psz120

Are fast radio bursts the most likely electromagnetic counterpart of neutron star mergers resulting in prompt collapse?
journal, August 2019


A radio counterpart to a neutron star merger
journal, October 2017


Multimessenger parameter estimation of GW170817
journal, April 2019


Strangeons constitute bulk strong matter: Test using GW 170817
journal, April 2019


Joint gravitational wave - gamma-ray burst detection rates in the aftermath of GW170817
conference, January 2020

  • Howell, Eric; Ackley, Kendall; Rowlinson, Antonia
  • Proceedings of The New Era of Multi-Messenger Astrophysics — PoS(Asterics2019)
  • DOI: 10.22323/1.357.0035

Evidence for Cocoon Emission from the Early Light Curve of SSS17a
journal, March 2018


The Origin of r -process Elements in the Milky Way
journal, March 2018

  • Côté, Benoit; Fryer, Chris L.; Belczynski, Krzysztof
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 855, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaad67

A Magnetar Origin for the Kilonova Ejecta in GW170817
journal, March 2018

  • Metzger, Brian D.; Thompson, Todd A.; Quataert, Eliot
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 856, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aab095

A Long-lived Remnant Neutron Star after GW170817 Inferred from Its Associated Kilonova
journal, July 2018


Search for GeV Gamma-Ray Counterparts of Gravitational Wave Events by CALET
journal, August 2018


Jet Dynamics in Compact Object Mergers: GW170817 Likely Had a Successful Jet
journal, October 2018

  • Duffell, Paul C.; Quataert, Eliot; Kasen, Daniel
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 866, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aae084

From γ to Radio: The Electromagnetic Counterpart of GW170817
journal, October 2018


Optimized Radio Follow-up of Binary Neutron-star Mergers
journal, November 2018


The Short GRB 170817A: Modeling the Off-axis Emission and Implications on the Ejecta Magnetization
journal, January 2019


When Did the Remnant of GW170817 Collapse to a Black Hole?
journal, May 2019

  • Gill, Ramandeep; Nathanail, Antonios; Rezzolla, Luciano
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 876, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab16da

Jet–Cocoon Outflows from Neutron Star Mergers: Structure, Light Curves, and Fundamental Physics
journal, August 2019


Extended Calculations of Energy Levels and Transition Rates of Nd ii-iv Ions for Application to Neutron Star Mergers
journal, February 2019

  • Gaigalas, Gediminas; Kato, Daiji; Rynkun, Pavel
  • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 240, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/aaf9b8

Californium-254 and Kilonova Light Curves
journal, August 2018


Delayed Jet Breakouts from Binary Neutron Star Mergers
journal, October 2018


Follow-up of the Neutron Star Bearing Gravitational-wave Candidate Events S190425z and S190426c with MMT and SOAR
journal, July 2019

  • Hosseinzadeh, G.; Cowperthwaite, P. S.; Gomez, S.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab271c

Upscattered Cocoon Emission in Short Gamma-Ray Bursts as High-energy Gamma-Ray Counterparts to Gravitational Waves
journal, December 2019

  • Kimura, Shigeo S.; Murase, Kohta; Ioka, Kunihito
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 887, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab59e1

Kilonovae
journal, December 2019


GW170817: Swift UV detection of a blue kilonova, and improving the search in O3
journal, October 2017

  • Tohuvavohu, Aaron; Kennea, Jamie A.
  • Proceedings of the International Astronomical Union, Vol. 13, Issue S338
  • DOI: 10.1017/s1743921318003629

The X-ray counterpart to the gravitational-wave event GW170817
journal, October 2017


Spectroscopic identification of r-process nucleosynthesis in a double neutron-star merger
journal, October 2017


2900 Square Degree Search for the Optical Counterpart of Short Gamma-Ray Burst GRB 180523B with the Zwicky Transient Facility
journal, February 2019

  • Coughlin, Michael W.; Ahumada, Tomás; Cenko, S. Bradley
  • Publications of the Astronomical Society of the Pacific, Vol. 131, Issue 998
  • DOI: 10.1088/1538-3873/aaff99

X-ray plateaus in gamma-ray bursts’ light curves from jets viewed slightly off-axis
journal, January 2020

  • Beniamini, Paz; Duque, Raphaël; Daigne, Frédéric
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 492, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/staa070

Disc formation in the collapse of supramassive neutron stars
journal, August 2018

  • Camelio, Giovanni; Dietrich, Tim; Rosswog, Stephan
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 480, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty2181

The role of magnetic field geometry in the evolution of neutron star merger accretion discs
journal, September 2019

  • Christie, I. M.; Lalakos, A.; Tchekhovskoy, A.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 490, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz2552

Background-limited Imaging in the Near Infrared with Warm InGaAs Sensors: Applications for Time-domain Astronomy
journal, January 2019

  • Simcoe, Robert A.; Fűrész, Gábor; Sullivan, Peter W.
  • The Astronomical Journal, Vol. 157, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-3881/aae094

Shock Acceleration of Electrons and Synchrotron Emission from the Dynamical Ejecta of Neutron Star Mergers
journal, May 2018

  • Lee, Shiu-Hang; Maeda, Keiichi; Kawanaka, Norita
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 858, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aabaea

Mass Ejection from the Remnant of a Binary Neutron Star Merger: Viscous-radiation Hydrodynamics Study
journal, June 2018

  • Fujibayashi, Sho; Kiuchi, Kenta; Nishimura, Nobuya
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 860, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aabafd

Low-frequency View of GW170817/GRB 170817A with the Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope
journal, October 2018

  • Resmi, L.; Schulze, S.; Ishwara-Chandra, C. H.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 867, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aae1a6

Radioactive Heating and Late Time Kilonova Light Curves
journal, May 2019


A Pulsar Wind Nebula Embedded in the Kilonova AT 2017gfo Associated with GW170817/GRB 170817A
journal, October 2019


Constraining the Maximum Mass of Neutron Stars from Multi-messenger Observations of GW170817
journal, November 2017


Inverse Compton Scattered Merger-nova: Late X-Ray Counterpart of Gravitational-wave Signals from NS–NS/BH Mergers
journal, January 2018


A Turnover in the Radio Light Curve of GW170817
journal, May 2018

  • Dobie, Dougal; Kaplan, David L.; Murphy, Tara
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 858, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aac105

A Decline in the X-Ray through Radio Emission from GW170817 Continues to Support an Off-axis Structured Jet
journal, August 2018

  • Alexander, K. D.; Margutti, R.; Blanchard, P. K.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 863, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aad637

Fermi GBM Observations of GRB 150101B: A Second Nearby Event with a Short Hard Spike and a Soft Tail
journal, August 2018


Radiative Transfer Simulation for the Optical and Near-infrared Electromagnetic Counterparts to GW170817
journal, September 2018

  • Kawaguchi, Kyohei; Shibata, Masaru; Tanaka, Masaomi
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 865, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aade02

Late Afterglow Emission Statistics: A Clear Link between GW170817 and Bright Short Gamma-Ray Bursts
journal, May 2019

  • Duan, Kai-Kai; Jin, Zhi-Ping; Zhang, Fu-Wen
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 876, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab1c64

Propagation of a Short GRB Jet in the Ejecta: Jet Launching Delay Time, Jet Structure, and GW170817/GRB 170817A
journal, June 2019

  • Geng, Jin-Jun; Zhang, Bing; Kölligan, Anders
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 877, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab224b

GROWTH on S190510g: DECam Observation Planning and Follow-up of a Distant Binary Neutron Star Merger Candidate
journal, August 2019

  • Andreoni, Igor; Goldstein, Daniel A.; Anand, Shreya
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab3399

GRID: a student project to monitor the transient gamma-ray sky in the multi-messenger astronomy era
journal, August 2019


A mildly relativistic wide-angle outflow in the neutron-star merger event GW170817
journal, December 2017

  • Mooley, K. P.; Nakar, E.; Hotokezaka, K.
  • Nature, Vol. 554, Issue 7691
  • DOI: 10.1038/nature25452

The optical afterglow of the short gamma-ray burst associated with GW170817
journal, July 2018


On-axis view of GRB 170817A
journal, July 2019


Spectral classification of gravitational-wave emission and equation of state constraints in binary neutron star mergers
journal, September 2019

  • Bauswein, A.; Stergioulas, N.
  • Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 46, Issue 11
  • DOI: 10.1088/1361-6471/ab2b90

The fast, luminous ultraviolet transient AT2018cow: extreme supernova, or disruption of a star by an intermediate-mass black hole?
journal, December 2018

  • Perley, Daniel A.; Mazzali, Paolo A.; Yan, Lin
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 484, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty3420

Observable features of GW170817 kilonova afterglow
journal, June 2019

  • Kathirgamaraju, Adithan; Giannios, Dimitrios; Beniamini, Paz
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 487, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz1564

A multidimensional implementation of the Advanced Spectral neutrino Leakage scheme
journal, October 2019

  • Gizzi, D.; O’Connor, E.; Rosswog, S.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 490, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz2911

A luminosity distribution for kilonovae based on short gamma-ray burst afterglows
journal, March 2019

  • Ascenzi, Stefano; Coughlin, Michael W.; Dietrich, Tim
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 486, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz891

GW170817 --the first observed neutron star merger and its kilonova: Implications for the astrophysical site of the r-process
journal, November 2019


On the Progenitor of Binary Neutron Star Merger GW170817
other, January 2017

  • Abbott, B. P.; Al., Et
  • Bristol : Institute of Physics Publishing
  • DOI: 10.15488/2584

Multi-messenger Observations of a Binary Neutron Star Merger
text, January 2017


Kilonova Emission from Black Hole–Neutron Star Mergers: Observational Signatures of Anisotropic Mass Ejection
journal, October 2018

  • Huang, Zhi-Qiu; Liu, Liang-Duan; Wang, Xiang-Yu
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 867, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aae093

Probing the Production of Actinides under Different r-process Conditions
journal, July 2019


Short GRB 160821B: A Reverse Shock, a Refreshed Shock, and a Well-sampled Kilonova
journal, September 2019


A Rapidly Declining Transient Discovered with the Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam
journal, October 2019

  • Tominaga, Nozomu; Morokuma, Tomoki; Tanaka, Masaomi
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 885, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab425c

Search for Gravitational-wave Signals Associated with Gamma-Ray Bursts during the Second Observing Run of Advanced LIGO and Advanced Virgo
journal, November 2019


Brightening X-Ray/Optical/Radio Emission of GW170817/SGRB 170817A: Evidence for an Electron–Positron Wind from the Central Engine?
journal, March 2018

  • Geng, Jin-Jun; Dai, Zi-Gao; Huang, Yong-Feng
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 856, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aab7f9

GROWTH on S190426c: Real-time Search for a Counterpart to the Probable Neutron Star–Black Hole Merger using an Automated Difference Imaging Pipeline for DECam
journal, August 2019

  • Goldstein, Daniel A.; Andreoni, Igor; Nugent, Peter E.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab3046

The Optical Afterglow of GW170817: An Off-axis Structured Jet and Deep Constraints on a Globular Cluster Origin
journal, September 2019

  • Fong, W.; Blanchard, P. K.; Alexander, K. D.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 883, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab3d9e

A kilonova associated with GRB 070809
journal, October 2019


Multi-messenger astrophysics
journal, October 2019


Implications of the radio and X-ray emission that followed GW170817
journal, April 2018

  • Nakar, Ehud; Piran, Tsvi
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 478, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/sty952

The Palomar Transient Factory Sky2Night programme
journal, January 2019

  • van Roestel, J.; Groot, P. J.; Kupfer, T.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 484, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz241

Using gravitational-wave data to constrain dynamical tides in neutron star binaries
journal, January 2018


Gravitational-wave astrophysics from neutron star inspiral and coalescence
journal, August 2018


Census of the Local Universe (CLU) Narrowband Survey. I. Galaxy Catalogs from Preliminary Fields
journal, July 2019

  • Cook, David O.; Kasliwal, Mansi M.; Sistine, Angela Van
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab2131

Late-time Afterglow from Double-sided Structured Jets: Application to GRB 170817A
journal, July 2019

  • Li, Long-Biao; Geng, Jin-Jun; Huang, Yong-Feng
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 880, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab275d

The Lanthanide Fraction Distribution in Metal-poor Stars: A Test of Neutron Star Mergers as the Dominant r -process Site
journal, August 2019

  • Ji, Alexander P.; Drout, Maria R.; Hansen, Terese T.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 882, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab3291

Neutron-star Radius Constraints from GW170817 and Future Detections
journal, November 2017

  • Bauswein, Andreas; Just, Oliver; Janka, Hans-Thomas
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 850, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aa9994

A Strong Jet Signature in the Late-time Light Curve of GW170817
journal, November 2018


SN2018kzr: A Rapidly Declining Transient from the Destruction of a White Dwarf
journal, October 2019

  • McBrien, Owen R.; Smartt, Stephen J.; Chen, Ting-Wan
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 885, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/ab4dae

Optimizing multitelescope observations of gravitational-wave counterparts
journal, September 2019

  • Coughlin, Michael W.; Antier, Sarah; Corre, David
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society, Vol. 489, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnras/stz2485

The outflow structure of GW170817 from late-time broad-band observations
journal, April 2018

  • Troja, E.; Piro, L.; Ryan, G.
  • Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society: Letters, Vol. 478, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.1093/mnrasl/sly061

Numerical Simulations of the Jet Dynamics and Synchrotron Radiation of Binary Neutron Star Merger Event GW170817/GRB 170817A
journal, August 2018

  • Xie, Xiaoyi; Zrake, Jonathan; MacFadyen, Andrew
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 863, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aacf9c

Optical emission from a kilonova following a gravitational-wave-detected neutron-star merger
text, January 2017


Neutron-star radius constraints from GW170817 and future detections
text, January 2017


Observational evidence for Extended Emission to GW170817
text, January 2018


Super-Knee Cosmic Rays from Galactic Neutron Star Merger Remnants
text, January 2018


Binary Neutron Star Mergers: Mass Ejection, Electromagnetic Counterparts and Nucleosynthesis
text, January 2018


Presto-Color: A Photometric Survey Cadence for Explosive Physics & Fast Transients
text, January 2018


Late-Time Afterglow from Double-Sided Structured Jets: Application to GRB 170817A
text, January 2019


Jet Structure in the Afterglow Phase for Gamma-ray Bursts with a Precessing Jet
text, January 2019


Full Transport Model of GW170817-Like Disk Produces a Blue Kilonova
text, January 2019


A rapidly declining transient discovered with Subaru/Hyper Suprime-Cam
text, January 2019


Kilonovae
journal, December 2019