Chiral magnetic effect in ZrTe5

Li, Q.; Kharzeev, D. E.; Zhang, C.; Huang, Y.; Pletikosic, I.; Fedorov, A. V.; Zhong, R. D.; Schneeloch, J. A.; Gu, G. D.; Valla, T.

doi:10.1038/nphys3648

Title: Chiral magnetic effect in ZrTe₅

Abstract

The chiral magnetic effect is the generation of an electric current induced by chirality imbalance in the presence of a magnetic field. It is a macroscopic manifestation of the quantum anomaly in relativistic field theory of chiral fermions (massless spin 1/2 particles with a definite projection of spin on momentum) - a remarkable phenomenon arising from a collective motion of particles and antiparticles in the Dirac sea. The recent discovery of Dirac semimetals with chiral quasiparticles opens a fascinating possibility to study this phenomenon in condensed matter experiments. Here we report on the measurement of magnetotransport in zirconium pentatelluride, ZrTe 5, that provides strong evidence for the chiral magnetic effect. Our angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments show that this material's electronic structure is consistent with a three-dimensional Dirac semimetal. We observe a large negative magnetoresistance when the magnetic field is parallel with the current. The measured quadratic field dependence of the magnetoconductance is a clear indication of the chiral magnetic effect. The observed phenomenon stems from the effective transmutation of a Dirac semimetal into a Weyl semimetal induced by parallel electric and magnetic fields that represent a topologically non-trivial gauge field background. We expect that the chiral magnetic effect may emergemore »« less

Authors:

Li, Q. ^[1]; Kharzeev, D. E. ^[2]; Zhang, C. ^[1]; Huang, Y. ^[1]; Pletikosic, I. ^[3]; Fedorov, A. V. ^[4]; Zhong, R. D. ^[1]; Schneeloch, J. A. ^[1]; Gu, G. D. ^[1]; Valla, T. ^[1]

Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Princeton Univ., NJ (United States)
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Advanced Light Source (ALS)

Publication Date:: Mon Feb 08 00:00:00 EST 2016

Research Org.:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

OSTI Identifier:: 1303010

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1182500; OSTI ID: 1456941

Report Number(s):: BNL-112484-2016-JA; BNL-107404-2015-JA
Journal ID: ISSN 1745-2473; R&D Project: MA012MABA; KC0202050

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704; AC02-05CH11231

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nature Physics

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 12; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 1745-2473

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; electronic properties and materials; theoretical nuclear physics; theoretical particle physics; theoretical physics

Citation Formats


                    Li, Q., Kharzeev, D. E., Zhang, C., Huang, Y., Pletikosic, I., Fedorov, A. V., Zhong, R. D., Schneeloch, J. A., Gu, G. D., and Valla, T. Chiral magnetic effect in ZrTe5.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
Web.  doi:10.1038/nphys3648.

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                    Li, Q., Kharzeev, D. E., Zhang, C., Huang, Y., Pletikosic, I., Fedorov, A. V., Zhong, R. D., Schneeloch, J. A., Gu, G. D., & Valla, T. Chiral magnetic effect in ZrTe5.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3648

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                    Li, Q., Kharzeev, D. E., Zhang, C., Huang, Y., Pletikosic, I., Fedorov, A. V., Zhong, R. D., Schneeloch, J. A., Gu, G. D., and Valla, T. Mon .  
"Chiral magnetic effect in ZrTe5".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1038/nphys3648.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1303010.

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@article{osti_1303010,

  title        = {Chiral magnetic effect in ZrTe5},

  author       = {Li, Q. and Kharzeev, D. E. and Zhang, C. and Huang, Y. and Pletikosic, I. and Fedorov, A. V. and Zhong, R. D. and Schneeloch, J. A. and Gu, G. D. and Valla, T.},

  abstractNote = {The chiral magnetic effect is the generation of an electric current induced by chirality imbalance in the presence of a magnetic field. It is a macroscopic manifestation of the quantum anomaly in relativistic field theory of chiral fermions (massless spin 1/2 particles with a definite projection of spin on momentum) - a remarkable phenomenon arising from a collective motion of particles and antiparticles in the Dirac sea. The recent discovery of Dirac semimetals with chiral quasiparticles opens a fascinating possibility to study this phenomenon in condensed matter experiments. Here we report on the measurement of magnetotransport in zirconium pentatelluride, ZrTe 5, that provides strong evidence for the chiral magnetic effect. Our angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy experiments show that this material's electronic structure is consistent with a three-dimensional Dirac semimetal. We observe a large negative magnetoresistance when the magnetic field is parallel with the current. The measured quadratic field dependence of the magnetoconductance is a clear indication of the chiral magnetic effect. The observed phenomenon stems from the effective transmutation of a Dirac semimetal into a Weyl semimetal induced by parallel electric and magnetic fields that represent a topologically non-trivial gauge field background. We expect that the chiral magnetic effect may emerge in a wide class of materials that are near the transition between the trivial and topological insulators.},

  doi          = {10.1038/nphys3648},

  journal      = {Nature Physics},

  number       = 6,

  volume       = 12,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Feb 08 00:00:00 EST 2016},

  month        = {Mon Feb 08 00:00:00 EST 2016}

}

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Hattori, Koichi; Huang, Xu-Guang
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Mass Correction to Chiral Kinetic Equations
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Wang, Ziyue; Guo, Xingyu; Shi, Shuzhe
Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 1005
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Creating stable Floquet–Weyl semimetals by laser-driving of 3D Dirac materials
journal, January 2017

Hübener, Hannes; Sentef, Michael A.; De Giovannini, Umberto
Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1
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Unusual interlayer quantum transport behavior caused by the zeroth Landau level in YbMnBi2
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Liu, J. Y.; Hu, J.; Graf, D.
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Chiral Landau levels in Weyl semimetal NbAs with multiple topological carriers
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Anomalous Hall effect in ZrTe5
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Science Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 8
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Probing anomalous driving
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Haack, Michael; Sarkar, Debajyoti; Yarom, Amos
Springer
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Thermal Conductivity of HfTe ₅ : A Critical Revisit
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Feng, Tianli; Wu, Xuewang; Yang, Xiaolong
Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 30, Issue 5
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Surface plasmons in Weyl semimetals
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Bonačić Lošić, Željana
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Topological properties of the chiral magnetic effect in multi-Weyl semimetals
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Hayata, Tomoya; Kikuchi, Yuta; Tanizaki, Yuya
Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 8
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Negative Longitudinal Magnetoresistance from the Anomalous N = 0 Landau Level in Topological Materials
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Assaf, B. A.; Phuphachong, T.; Kampert, E.
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Chiral sound waves in strained Weyl semimetals
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Chernodub, M. N.; Vozmediano, María A. H.
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Aspects of the pseudo chiral magnetic effect in 2D Weyl-Dirac matter
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Mizher, Ana Julia; Hernández-Ortiz, Saúl; Raya, Alfredo
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Ochoa, Hector; Tserkovnyak, Yaroslav
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Anomaly-Induced Transport Phenomena from Imaginary-Time Formalism
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Hongo, Masaru; Hidaka, Yoshimasa
Particles, Vol. 2, Issue 2
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Constraints on the chiral magnetic effect using charge-dependent azimuthal correlations in pPb and PbPb collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
text, January 2018

Collaboration, Cms; Sirunyan, Albert M.; Backhaus, Malte
ETH Zurich
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Negative magnetoresistance without well-defined chirality in the Weyl semimetal TaP
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Arnold, Frank; Shekhar, Chandra; Wu, Shu-Chun
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Weyl semimetals, Fermi arcs and chiral anomalies
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Scientific Reports, Vol. 7, Issue 1
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Pressure-induced topological phase transitions and structural transition in 1T-TiTe ₂ single crystal
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Zhang, Min; Wang, Xiangqi; Rahman, Azizur
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Magneto-thermoelectric characterization of a HfTe ₅ micro-ribbon
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Multi-carrier transport in ZrTe ₅ film
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Polarization tensor for tilted Dirac fermion materials: Covariance in deformed Minkowski spacetime
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Chiral magnetic plasmons in anomalous relativistic matter
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Gorbar, E. V.; Miransky, V. A.; Shovkovy, I. A.
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Epsilon-near-zero response and tunable perfect absorption in Weyl semimetals
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Non-relativistic approximate numerical ideal-magneto-hydrodynamics of (1+1D) transverse flow in Bjorken scenario
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Thermoelectric signature of the chiral anomaly in Cd3As2
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Composite topological nodal lines penetrating the Brillouin zone in orthorhombic AgF2
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Constraints on the chiral magnetic effect using charge-dependent azimuthal correlations in pPb and PbPb collisions at the CERN Large Hadron Collider
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RWTH Aachen University
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Liu, J. Y.; Hu, J.; Graf, D.
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Varying the chiral magnetic effect relative to flow in a single nucleus-nucleus collision
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From Dirac semimetals to topological phases in three dimensions: a coupled wire construction
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Dantas, Renato M. A.; Peña-Benitez, Francisco; Roy, Bitan
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Non-saturating Quantum Magnetization in Weyl semimetal TaAs
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Zhang, Cheng-Long; Wang, C. M.; Yuan, Zhujun
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Axial anomaly in multi-Weyl and triple-point semimetals
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Lepori, Luca; Burrello, Michele; Guadagnini, Enore
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Chiral Landau levels in Weyl semimetal NbAs with multiple topological carriers
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Yuan, Xiang; Yan, Zhongbo; Song, Chaoyu
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Multi-carrier transport in ZrTe5 film
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Tang, Fangdong; Wang, Peipei; Wang, Peng
arXiv
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Three-dimensional Chiral Lattice Fermion in Floquet Systems
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Sun, Xiao-Qi; Xiao, Meng; Bzdušek, Tomáš
arXiv
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Mixed axial-torsional anomaly in Weyl semimetals
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Ferreiros, Yago; Kedem, Yaron; Bergholtz, Emil J.
arXiv
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Quantum Interference Theory of Magnetoresistance in Dirac Materials
text, January 2019

Fu, Bo; Wang, Huan-Wen; Shen, Shun-Qing
arXiv
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Axial Kinetic Theory and Spin Transport for Fermions with Arbitrary Mass
text, January 2019

Hattori, Koichi; Hidaka, Yoshimasa; Yang, Di-Lun
arXiv
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Magnetic fields in heavy ion collisions: flow and charge transport
text, January 2019

Inghirami, Gabriele; Mace, Mark; Hirono, Yuji
arXiv
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Disorder and magnetoconductivity in tilted Weyl semimetals
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Wang, Yi-Xiang; Li, Fuxiang
arXiv
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Title: Chiral magnetic effect in ZrTe5

Abstract

Citation Formats

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Large enhancement of the resistive anomaly in the pentatelluride materials HfTe 5 and ZrTe 5 with applied magnetic field journal, September 1999

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Large, non-saturating magnetoresistance in WTe2 journal, September 2014

Estimate of the Primordial Magnetic Field Helicity text, January 2001

Chiral Anomaly and Diffusive Magnetotransport in Weyl Metals text, January 2014

Giant negative magnetoresistance induced by the chiral anomaly in individual Cd3As2 nanowires text, January 2015

Parity violation in hot QCD: why it can happen, and how to look for it text, January 2004

Wigner function and kinetic phenomena for chiral plasma in a strong magnetic field journal, August 2017

Magnetotransport in multi-Weyl semimetals: a kinetic theory approach journal, December 2018

Quantum transport in topological semimetals under magnetic fields journal, June 2017

Quantum transport in topological semimetals under magnetic fields (II) journal, April 2019

Dirac cone protected by non-symmorphic symmetry and three-dimensional Dirac line node in ZrSiS journal, May 2016

Room-temperature chiral charge pumping in Dirac semimetals journal, January 2017

A magnetic topological semimetal Sr1−yMn1−zSb2 (y, z < 0.1) journal, July 2017

Evidence for topological type-II Weyl semimetal WTe2 journal, December 2017

Nonreciprocal responses from non-centrosymmetric quantum materials journal, September 2018

Evidence for Weyl fermions in a canonical heavy-fermion semimetal YbPtBi journal, November 2018

Negative longitudinal magnetoresistance in gallium arsenide quantum wells journal, January 2019

The discovery of dynamic chiral anomaly in a Weyl semimetal NbAs journal, March 2020

Galvanomagnetic properties of the putative type-II Dirac semimetal PtTe2 journal, July 2018

Berry phase theory of planar Hall effect in topological insulators journal, October 2018

Collective modes in multi-Weyl semimetals journal, September 2016

Superconductivity in HfTe5 across weak to strong topological insulator transition induced via pressures journal, March 2017

Polaronic transport in Ag-based quaternary chalcogenides journal, September 2017

Anomalous transport properties of Dirac and Weyl semimetals (Review Article) journal, June 2018

Experimental observation of conductive edge states in weak topological insulator candidate HfTe 5 journal, December 2018

Highly mobile carriers in a candidate of quasi-two-dimensional topological semimetal AuTe 2 Br journal, October 2019

Strain-induced spontaneous Hall effect in an epitaxial thin film of a Luttinger semimetal journal, April 2019

Theory for the negative longitudinal magnetoresistance in the quantum limit of Kramers Weyl semimetals journal, November 2018

Pseudo chiral anomaly in zigzag graphene ribbons journal, October 2019

Lifshitz transition mediated electronic transport anomaly in bulk ZrTe 5 journal, January 2017

Varying the chiral magnetic effect relative to flow in a single nucleus-nucleus collision journal, July 2018

Flux free single crystal growth and detailed physical property characterization of Bi 1−x Sb x (x = 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15) topological insulator journal, August 2019

Berry curvature induced thermopower in type-I and type-II Weyl semimetals journal, August 2019

Possible manifestations of the chiral anomaly and evidence for a magnetic field induced topological phase transition in the type-I Weyl semimetal TaAs journal, September 2019

Disorder and magnetoconductivity in tilted Weyl semimetals journal, February 2020

Dielectric response and novel electromagnetic modes in three-dimensional Dirac semimetal films journal, June 2016

Quantum oscillations without magnetic field journal, January 2017

Topological responses from chiral anomaly in multi-Weyl semimetals journal, August 2017

Anomalous thermoelectric phenomena in lattice models of multi-Weyl semimetals journal, October 2017

Dynamical correlation functions and the related physical effects in three-dimensional Weyl/Dirac semimetals journal, February 2018

Rotational strain in Weyl semimetals: A continuum approach journal, May 2018

Tunable topological semimetal states with ultraflat nodal rings in strained YN journal, July 2018

Planar Hall effect in the type-II Dirac semimetal VAl 3 journal, August 2018

Magnetotransport in Sr 3 PbO antiperovskite journal, September 2018

Infrared spectroscopic measurements of structural transition and charge dynamics in 1 T − TiTe 2 under pressure journal, March 2019

Influence of a chiral chemical potential on Weyl hybrid junctions journal, May 2019

Electrical conductivity of quark-gluon plasma in strong magnetic fields journal, December 2016

Field theoretic perspectives of the Wigner function formulation of the chiral magnetic effect journal, November 2017

Remarks on the Chern-Simons photon term in the QED description of graphene journal, September 2018

Dynamics of Vortices in Chiral Media: The Chiral Propulsion Effect journal, October 2018

Title: Chiral magnetic effect in ZrTe₅

Primordial hypermagnetic fields and the triangle anomaly
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Large enhancement of the resistive anomaly in the pentatelluride materials ${HfTe}_{5}$ and ${ZrTe}_{5}$ with applied magnetic field
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Chiral Anomaly and Diffusive Magnetotransport in Weyl Metals
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Giant negative magnetoresistance induced by the chiral anomaly in individual Cd3As2 nanowires
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Parity violation in hot QCD: Why it can happen, and how to look for it
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The Chiral Magnetic Effect and anomaly-induced transport
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Electronic structure of Zr ${Te}_{5}$
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Chiral anomaly and classical negative magnetoresistance of Weyl metals
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Experimental Realization of a Three-Dimensional Dirac Semimetal
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Quantum Transport Evidence for the Three-Dimensional Dirac Semimetal Phase in ${Cd}_{3} {As}_{2}$
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New Applications of the Chiral Anomaly
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Large, non-saturating magnetoresistance in WTe2
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Estimate of the Primordial Magnetic Field Helicity
text, January 2001

Chiral Anomaly and Diffusive Magnetotransport in Weyl Metals
text, January 2014

Giant negative magnetoresistance induced by the chiral anomaly in individual Cd3As2 nanowires
text, January 2015

Parity violation in hot QCD: why it can happen, and how to look for it
text, January 2004

Wigner function and kinetic phenomena for chiral plasma in a strong magnetic field
journal, August 2017

Magnetotransport in multi-Weyl semimetals: a kinetic theory approach
journal, December 2018

Quantum transport in topological semimetals under magnetic fields
journal, June 2017

Quantum transport in topological semimetals under magnetic fields (II)
journal, April 2019

Dirac cone protected by non-symmorphic symmetry and three-dimensional Dirac line node in ZrSiS
journal, May 2016

Room-temperature chiral charge pumping in Dirac semimetals
journal, January 2017

A magnetic topological semimetal Sr1−yMn1−zSb2 (y, z < 0.1)
journal, July 2017

Evidence for topological type-II Weyl semimetal WTe2
journal, December 2017

Nonreciprocal responses from non-centrosymmetric quantum materials
journal, September 2018

Evidence for Weyl fermions in a canonical heavy-fermion semimetal YbPtBi
journal, November 2018

Negative longitudinal magnetoresistance in gallium arsenide quantum wells
journal, January 2019

The discovery of dynamic chiral anomaly in a Weyl semimetal NbAs
journal, March 2020

Galvanomagnetic properties of the putative type-II Dirac semimetal PtTe2
journal, July 2018

Berry phase theory of planar Hall effect in topological insulators
journal, October 2018

Collective modes in multi-Weyl semimetals
journal, September 2016

Superconductivity in HfTe5 across weak to strong topological insulator transition induced via pressures
journal, March 2017

Polaronic transport in Ag-based quaternary chalcogenides
journal, September 2017

Anomalous transport properties of Dirac and Weyl semimetals (Review Article)
journal, June 2018

Experimental observation of conductive edge states in weak topological insulator candidate HfTe ₅
journal, December 2018

Highly mobile carriers in a candidate of quasi-two-dimensional topological semimetal AuTe ₂ Br
journal, October 2019

Strain-induced spontaneous Hall effect in an epitaxial thin film of a Luttinger semimetal
journal, April 2019

Theory for the negative longitudinal magnetoresistance in the quantum limit of Kramers Weyl semimetals
journal, November 2018

Pseudo chiral anomaly in zigzag graphene ribbons
journal, October 2019

Lifshitz transition mediated electronic transport anomaly in bulk ZrTe ₅
journal, January 2017

Varying the chiral magnetic effect relative to flow in a single nucleus-nucleus collision
journal, July 2018

Flux free single crystal growth and detailed physical property characterization of Bi _1−x Sb _x (x = 0.05, 0.1 and 0.15) topological insulator
journal, August 2019

Berry curvature induced thermopower in type-I and type-II Weyl semimetals
journal, August 2019

Possible manifestations of the chiral anomaly and evidence for a magnetic field induced topological phase transition in the type-I Weyl semimetal TaAs
journal, September 2019

Disorder and magnetoconductivity in tilted Weyl semimetals
journal, February 2020

Dielectric response and novel electromagnetic modes in three-dimensional Dirac semimetal films
journal, June 2016

Quantum oscillations without magnetic field
journal, January 2017

Topological responses from chiral anomaly in multi-Weyl semimetals
journal, August 2017

Anomalous thermoelectric phenomena in lattice models of multi-Weyl semimetals
journal, October 2017

Dynamical correlation functions and the related physical effects in three-dimensional Weyl/Dirac semimetals
journal, February 2018

Rotational strain in Weyl semimetals: A continuum approach
journal, May 2018

Tunable topological semimetal states with ultraflat nodal rings in strained YN
journal, July 2018

Planar Hall effect in the type-II Dirac semimetal ${VAl}_{3}$
journal, August 2018

Magnetotransport in ${Sr}_{3} PbO$ antiperovskite
journal, September 2018

Infrared spectroscopic measurements of structural transition and charge dynamics in $1 T − {TiTe}_{2}$ under pressure
journal, March 2019

Influence of a chiral chemical potential on Weyl hybrid junctions
journal, May 2019

Electrical conductivity of quark-gluon plasma in strong magnetic fields
journal, December 2016

Field theoretic perspectives of the Wigner function formulation of the chiral magnetic effect
journal, November 2017

Remarks on the Chern-Simons photon term in the QED description of graphene
journal, September 2018

Dynamics of Vortices in Chiral Media: The Chiral Propulsion Effect
journal, October 2018

Mixed Axial-Torsional Anomaly in Weyl Semimetals
journal, February 2019

Optical manifestations of domains with constant topological charge density
journal, September 2019