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Title: Interaction modifiers in artificial spin ices

Abstract

The modification of geometry and interactions in two-dimensional magnetic nanosystems has enabled a range of studies addressing the magnetic order, collective low-energy dynamics and emergent magnetic properties in, for example, artificial spin-ice structures. The common denominator of all these investigations is the use of Ising-like mesospins as building blocks, in the form of elongated magnetic islands. Here, we introduce a new approach: single interaction modifiers, using slave mesospins in the form of discs, within which the mesospin is free to rotate in the disc plane1. We show that by placing these on the vertices of square artificial spin-ice arrays and varying their diameter, it is possible to tailor the strength and the ratio of the interaction energies. We demonstrate the existence of degenerate ice-rule-obeying states in square artificial spin-ice structures, enabling the exploration of thermal dynamics in a spin-liquid manifold. Furthermore, we even observe the emergence of flux lattices on larger length scales, when the energy landscape of the vertices is reversed. In conclusion, the work highlights the potential of a design strategy for two-dimensional magnetic nano-architectures, through which mixed dimensionality of mesospins can be used to promote thermally emergent mesoscale magnetic states.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Uppsala Univ., Uppsala (Sweden)
  2. Univ. of Iceland, Reykjavik (Iceland)
  3. Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
OSTI Identifier:
1454821
Report Number(s):
BNL-205753-2018-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 1745-2473; TRN: US1901156
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0012704
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Nature Physics
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 14; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 1745-2473
Publisher:
Nature Publishing Group (NPG)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
77 NANOSCIENCE AND NANOTECHNOLOGY; artificial spin ice; nanomagnetism

Citation Formats

Ostman, Erik, Stopfel, Henry, Chioar, Ioan -Augustin, Arnalds, Unnar B., Stein, Aaron, Kapaklis, Vassilios, and Hjorvarsson, Bjorgvin. Interaction modifiers in artificial spin ices. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1038/s41567-017-0027-2.
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Ostman, Erik, Stopfel, Henry, Chioar, Ioan -Augustin, Arnalds, Unnar B., Stein, Aaron, Kapaklis, Vassilios, & Hjorvarsson, Bjorgvin. Interaction modifiers in artificial spin ices. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-017-0027-2
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Ostman, Erik, Stopfel, Henry, Chioar, Ioan -Augustin, Arnalds, Unnar B., Stein, Aaron, Kapaklis, Vassilios, and Hjorvarsson, Bjorgvin. Mon . "Interaction modifiers in artificial spin ices". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-017-0027-2. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1454821.
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@article{osti_1454821,
title = {Interaction modifiers in artificial spin ices},
author = {Ostman, Erik and Stopfel, Henry and Chioar, Ioan -Augustin and Arnalds, Unnar B. and Stein, Aaron and Kapaklis, Vassilios and Hjorvarsson, Bjorgvin},
abstractNote = {The modification of geometry and interactions in two-dimensional magnetic nanosystems has enabled a range of studies addressing the magnetic order, collective low-energy dynamics and emergent magnetic properties in, for example, artificial spin-ice structures. The common denominator of all these investigations is the use of Ising-like mesospins as building blocks, in the form of elongated magnetic islands. Here, we introduce a new approach: single interaction modifiers, using slave mesospins in the form of discs, within which the mesospin is free to rotate in the disc plane1. We show that by placing these on the vertices of square artificial spin-ice arrays and varying their diameter, it is possible to tailor the strength and the ratio of the interaction energies. We demonstrate the existence of degenerate ice-rule-obeying states in square artificial spin-ice structures, enabling the exploration of thermal dynamics in a spin-liquid manifold. Furthermore, we even observe the emergence of flux lattices on larger length scales, when the energy landscape of the vertices is reversed. In conclusion, the work highlights the potential of a design strategy for two-dimensional magnetic nano-architectures, through which mixed dimensionality of mesospins can be used to promote thermally emergent mesoscale magnetic states.},
doi = {10.1038/s41567-017-0027-2},
journal = {Nature Physics},
number = 4,
volume = 14,
place = {United States},
year = {2018},
month = {2}
}
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Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41567-017-0027-2
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Cited by: 57 works
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Figures / Tables:

Fig. 1 | Schematics of the SASI and mSASI lattices shown together with their vertex types Fig. 1 | Schematics of the SASI and mSASI lattices shown together with their vertex types: a,b, Illustration of a SASI (a) and an mSASI (b) lattice. Real-space base vectors defining the square lattice together with the base (red islands) are shown in a together with the discrete latticemore » points (black dots). The lattice parameter $α$ is defined as $α$ = || a1 || = || a2 ||. The length of the islands is l = 450 nm and their width is $w$ = 150 nm. c, The four different vertex types with their respective energies, $E$, and degeneracy, $z$. In $T$II and $T$III vertices, the XY-like spins of the discs have a well-defined direction due to the residual stray field. In $T$I and $T$IV vertices, the XY spins exhibit weak four-fold degeneracy (in the collinear approximation11).« less
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    Works referencing / citing this record:

    Phase transitions in few-monolayer spin ice films
    journal, March 2019

    Thermally and field-driven mobility of emergent magnetic charges in square artificial spin ice
    journal, November 2019

    Advances in artificial spin ice
    journal, November 2019

    • Skjærvø, Sandra H.; Marrows, Christopher H.; Stamps, Robert L.
    • Nature Reviews Physics, Vol. 2, Issue 1
    • DOI: 10.1038/s42254-019-0118-3

    Continuous ground-state degeneracy of classical dipoles on regular lattices
    journal, July 2019

    Phase diagram of dipolar-coupled XY moments on disordered square lattices
    journal, August 2018

    • Schildknecht, Dominik; Heyderman, Laura J.; Derlet, Peter M.
    • Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 6
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    Quasidegenerate ice manifold in a purely two-dimensional square array of nanomagnets
    journal, June 2019

    Dipolar Cairo lattice: Geometrical frustration and short-range correlations
    journal, October 2019

    Emergent magnetic monopole dynamics in macroscopically degenerate artificial spin ice
    journal, February 2019

    • Farhan, Alan; Saccone, Michael; Petersen, Charlotte F.
    • Science Advances, Vol. 5, Issue 2
    • DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.aav6380

    Cooperative magnetic phenomena in artificial spin systems: spin liquids, Coulomb phase and fragmentation of magnetism – a colloquium
    journal, March 2019

    Thermally and field-driven mobility of emergent magnetic charges in square artificial spin ice
    text, January 2018

    Collective magnetization dynamics in nano-arrays of thin FePd discs
    text, January 2019

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      Figures / Tables found in this record:

      Fig. 1 | Schematics of the SASI and mSASI lattices shown together with their vertex types (p. 4)figure
      Fig. 2 | Real-space magnetic imaging and vertex populations. (p. 4)figure
      Fig. 3 | Magnetic spin structure factor and autocorrelation (p. 5)figure
      Fig. 4 | Emergent flux lattice ordering (p. 6)figure
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        Figures/Tables have been extracted from DOE-funded journal article accepted manuscripts.

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