A Perspective on the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3 by Supported V2O5 –WO3/TiO2 Catalysts

Lai, Jun-Kun; Wachs, Israel E.

doi:10.1021/acscatal.8b01357

Title: A Perspective on the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NO with NH₃ by Supported V₂O₅ –WO₃/TiO₂ Catalysts

Abstract

We report the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NO_x with NH₃ to harmless N₂ and H₂O plays a crucial role in reducing highly undesirable NO_x acid gas emissions from large utility boilers, industrial boilers, municipal waste plants, and incinerators. The supported V₂O₅ –WO₃/TiO₂ catalysts have become the most widely used industrial catalysts for these SCR applications since introduction of this technology in the early 1970s. Lastly, this Perspective examines the current fundamental understanding and recent advances of the supported V₂O₅ –WO₃/TiO₂ catalyst system: (i) catalyst synthesis, (ii) molecular structures of titaniasupported vanadium and tungsten oxide species, (iii) surface acidity, (iv) catalytic active sites, (v) surface reaction intermediates, (vi) reaction mechanism, (vii) ratedetermining- step, and (viii) reaction kinetics.

Authors:

Lai, Jun-Kun ^[1];

^[1]

Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA (United States). Operando Molecular Spectroscopy & Catalysis Laboratory, Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering

Publication Date:: Mon Jun 04 00:00:00 EDT 2018

Research Org.:: Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center for Understanding and Control of Acid Gas-induced Evolution of Materials for Energy (UNCAGE-ME); Lehigh Univ., Bethlehem, PA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

OSTI Identifier:: 1454677

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012577

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: ACS Catalysis

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 8; Journal ID: ISSN 2155-5435

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; catalyst; NH3; NO; SCR; TiO2; V2O5; WO3

Citation Formats


                    Lai, Jun-Kun, and Wachs, Israel E. A Perspective on the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3 by Supported V2O5 –WO3/TiO2 Catalysts.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1021/acscatal.8b01357.

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                    Lai, Jun-Kun, & Wachs, Israel E. A Perspective on the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3 by Supported V2O5 –WO3/TiO2 Catalysts.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.8b01357

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                    Lai, Jun-Kun, and Wachs, Israel E. Mon .  
"A Perspective on the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3 by Supported V2O5 –WO3/TiO2 Catalysts".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.8b01357.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1454677.

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@article{osti_1454677,

  title        = {A Perspective on the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3 by Supported V2O5 –WO3/TiO2 Catalysts},

  author       = {Lai, Jun-Kun and Wachs, Israel E.},

  abstractNote = {We report the selective catalytic reduction (SCR) of NOx with NH3 to harmless N2 and H2O plays a crucial role in reducing highly undesirable NOx acid gas emissions from large utility boilers, industrial boilers, municipal waste plants, and incinerators. The supported V2O5 –WO3/TiO2 catalysts have become the most widely used industrial catalysts for these SCR applications since introduction of this technology in the early 1970s. Lastly, this Perspective examines the current fundamental understanding and recent advances of the supported V2O5 –WO3/TiO2 catalyst system: (i) catalyst synthesis, (ii) molecular structures of titaniasupported vanadium and tungsten oxide species, (iii) surface acidity, (iv) catalytic active sites, (v) surface reaction intermediates, (vi) reaction mechanism, (vii) ratedetermining- step, and (viii) reaction kinetics.},

  doi          = {10.1021/acscatal.8b01357},

  journal      = {ACS Catalysis},

  number       = ,

  volume       = 8,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Jun 04 00:00:00 EDT 2018},

  month        = {Mon Jun 04 00:00:00 EDT 2018}

}

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Preparation of Quasi-MIL-101(Cr) Loaded Ceria Catalysts for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of NOx at Low Temperature
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Lu, Min; Hou, Haili; Wei, Chuanying
Catalysts, Vol. 10, Issue 1
DOI: 10.3390/catal10010140

Doping effect of Sm on the TiO 2 /CeSmO x catalyst in the NH 3 -SCR reaction: structure–activity relationship, reaction mechanism and SO 2 tolerance
journal, January 2019

Liu, Hao; Sun, Chuanzhi; Fan, Zhongxuan
Catalysis Science & Technology, Vol. 9, Issue 13
DOI: 10.1039/c9cy00731h

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Title: A Perspective on the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NO with NH3 by Supported V2O5 –WO3/TiO2 Catalysts

Abstract

Citation Formats

Combustion of natural gas with high-temperature air and large quantities of flue gas journal, January 2000

Mechanism of the reaction of nitric oxide, ammonia, and oxygen over vanadia catalysts. 2. Isotopic transient studies with oxygen-18 and nitrogen-15 journal, December 1987

Laser Raman spectroscopy of supported vanadium oxide catalysts journal, May 1990

A quantum chemical study of nitric oxide reduction by ammonia (SCR reaction) on V2O5 catalyst surface journal, December 2006

Nature of Active Sites and Surface Intermediates during SCR of NO with NH 3 by Supported V 2 O 5 –WO 3 /TiO 2 Catalysts journal, October 2017

Vanadium Oxides on Aluminum Oxide Supports. 2. Structure, Vibrational Properties, and Reducibility of V 2 O 5 Clusters on α-Al 2 O 3 (0001) journal, November 2005

Infrared study of the surface of titanium dioxides. II. Acidic and basic properties journal, April 1971

The effects of structure on the catalytic activity and selectivity of V2O5/TiO2 for the reduction of NO by NH3 journal, April 1992

Environmental catalysis for stationary applications journal, September 2000

Chemical and mechanistic aspects of the selective catalytic reduction of NO by ammonia over oxide catalysts: A review journal, September 1998

Structural determination of supported vanadium pentoxide-tungsten trioxide-titania catalysts by in situ Raman spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy journal, November 1991

Vanadium oxide surfaces and supported vanadium oxide nanoparticles journal, July 2006

Flame-made WO3/TiO2 nanoparticles: Relation between surface acidity, structure and photocatalytic activity journal, February 2008

Surface characterization studies of TiO2 supported manganese oxide catalysts for low temperature SCR of NO with NH3 journal, October 2007

SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION (SCR) OF NO BY AMMONIA OVER V2O5/TiO2 CATALYST IN A CATALYTIC FILTER MEDIUM AND HONEYCOMB REACTOR: A KINETIC MODELING STUDY journal, December 2015

Catalytic Performance and Characterization of VO2+-Exchanged Titania-Pillared Clays for Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide with Ammonia journal, November 2000

Reactivity and Physicochemical Characterization of V2O5-WO3/TiO2 De-NO Catalysts journal, August 1995

Monolayer V2O5/TiO2 and MoO3/TiO2 catalysts prepared by different methods journal, January 1991

Influences of impregnation procedure on the SCR activity and alkali resistance of V2O5–WO3/TiO2 catalyst journal, October 2013

Vanadium-titanium oxide aerogel catalysts journal, June 1995

Kinetics of nitric oxide reduction with ammonia on "chemical mixed" and impregnated vanadium(V) oxide-titanium(IV) oxide catalysts journal, December 1984

The influence on SCR activity of the atomic structure of V2O5/TiO2 catalysts prepared by a mechanochemical method journal, January 2013

X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of the titania- and alumina-supported tungsten oxide system journal, September 1991

Ammonia activation over catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx and the selective catalytic oxidation of NH3. An FT-IR study journal, September 1996

15N NMR Study of the Adsorption of NO and NH3on Titania-Supported Vanadia Catalysts journal, January 1996

Effect of water on the kinetics of nitric oxide reduction over a high-surface-area V2O5/TiO2 catalyst journal, February 1994

VOx Surface Coverage Optimization of V2O5/WO3-TiO2 SCR Catalysts by Variation of the V Loading and by Aging journal, October 2015

Reactivity of Supported Vanadium Oxide Catalysts: The Partial Oxidation of Methanol journal, April 1994

NH 3 Adsorption on the Brönsted and Lewis Acid Sites of V 2 O 5 (010): A Periodic Density Functional Study journal, May 1999

Intrinsic kinetics of nitric oxide reduction by ammonia on a vanadia-titania catalyst journal, June 1992

Mechanism of the reaction of nitric oxide, ammonia, and oxygen over vanadia catalysts. I. The role of oxygen studied by way of isotopic transients under dilute conditions journal, November 1987

Design of monolith catalysts for power plant nitrogen oxide (No.+-.) emission control journal, May 1991

Mechanistic studies of selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide with ammonia over V2O5/TiO2 (anatase) catalysts through transient isotopic labeling at steady state journal, February 1995

Transient response method applied to the kinetic analysis of the DeNOx–SCR reaction journal, February 2001

Reaction Mechanism of H 2 -Promoted Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH 3 over Ag/Al 2 O 3 journal, February 2007

Catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides 1. The reduction of NO journal, January 1985

Model Studies in Heterogeneous Catalysis journal, July 2010

AES and TDS study of the adsorption of NH3 and NO on V2O5 and TiO2 surfaces: Mechanistic implications journal, September 1989

Studies of surface reactions of nitric oxide by nitrogen-15 isotope labeling. I. Reaction between nitric oxide and ammonia over supported platinum at 200-250.deg. journal, June 1970

Supported, bulk and bulk-supported vanadium oxide catalysts: A short review with an historical perspective journal, May 2017

Influence of calcination treatment on the structure of grafted WOx species on titania journal, February 1999

Experimental and kinetic modelling study of DeNOx on an industrial V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst journal, May 1993

Adequacy of lumped parameter models for SCR reactors with monolith structure journal, February 1992

FT-IR characterization of the surface acidity of different titanium dioxide anatase preparations journal, January 1985

Investigation of Silica-Supported Vanadium Oxide Catalysts by High-Field 51 V Magic-Angle Spinning NMR journal, March 2017

Mechanistic model of the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide with ammonia journal, June 1985

Low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 over Mn–Fe spinel: Performance, mechanism and kinetic study journal, November 2011

X-ray absorption (EXAFS/XANES) study of supported vanadium oxide catalysts. Structure of surface vanadium oxide species on silica and γ-alumina at a low level of vanadium loading journal, January 1988

Characterization of Vanadium and Titanium Oxide Supported SBA-15 journal, May 2005

Influence of Vanadium Location in Titania Supported Vanadomolybdophosphoric Acid Catalysts and Its Effect on the Oxidation and Ammoxidation Functionalities journal, May 2008

Characterization and Reactivity of V2O5–MoO3/TiO2 De-NOx SCR Catalysts journal, October 1999

Raman spectroscopy and thermal desorption of ammonia adsorbed on titania (anatase)-supported vanadia journal, March 1992

Low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NOx with NH3 over Mn-based catalyst: A review journal, January 2016

Solid-state vanadium-51 NMR structural studies on supported vanadium(V) oxide catalysts: vanadium oxide surface layers on alumina and titania supports journal, September 1989

Molecular structure–reactivity relationships for the oxidation of sulfur dioxide over supported metal oxide catalysts journal, November 1999

Fundamental Studies of Butane Oxidation over Model-Supported Vanadium Oxide Catalysts: Molecular Structure-Reactivity Relationships journal, August 1997

Catalysis science of supported vanadium oxide catalysts journal, January 2013

Quantitative structural analysis of dispersed vanadia species in TiO2(anatase)-supported V2O5 journal, April 1992

The Significance of Lewis Acid Sites for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide on Vanadium-Based Catalysts journal, August 2016

Comparison of alcohol and alkane oxidative dehydrogenation reactions over supported vanadium oxide catalysts: in situ infrared, Raman and UV–vis spectroscopic studies of surface alkoxide intermediates and of their surface chemistry journal, January 2005

Structural Determination of Bulk and Surface Tungsten Oxides with UV−vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy and Raman Spectroscopy journal, September 2007

NO–NH3 coadsorption on vanadia/titania catalysts: determination of the reduction degree of vanadium journal, February 2001

Selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide with ammonia overV2O5/TiO2 catalyst: A steady-state and transient kinetic study journal, May 1995

Vanadia grafted on TiO2–SiO2, TiO2 and SiO2 aerogels Structural properties and catalytic behaviour in selective reduction of NO by NH3 journal, November 1999

Relationship between the molecular structure of V 2 O 5 /TiO 2 catalysts and the reactivity of SO 2 oxidation journal, January 2016

Fourier transform infrared study of the adsorption and coadsorption of nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide and ammonia on TiO2 anatase journal, September 1990

Use of isotopic transient techniques in the study of NO reduction reactions journal, March 1997

Steady-State and Transient Reactivity Study of TiO 2 -Supported V 2 O 5 −WO 3 De-NO x Catalysts: Relevance of the Vanadium−Tungsten Interaction on the Catalytic Activity journal, January 1996

Investigation of iron oxide-chromia-alumina aerogels for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide by ammonia journal, August 1991

Characterization of Supported Metal Oxides by Laser Raman Spectroscopy: Supported Vanadium Oxide on Al 2 O 3 and TiO 2 journal, January 1987

Brønsted-NH4+ mechanism versusnitrite mechanism: new insight into the selective catalyticreduction of NO by NH3 journal, January 2011

Reactivity of V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts in the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide by ammonia journal, May 1996

Vanadia-Titania Catalysts for Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitric-Oxide by Ammonia journal, January 1995

Study of synthesis and catalytic property of WO3/TiO2 catalysts for NO reduction at high temperatures journal, November 2011

The reaction mechanism for the SCR process on monomer V 5+ sites and the effect of modified Brønsted acidity journal, January 2016

Comparative study of SO2 adsorption on metal oxides journal, January 1992

Kinetic modelling of nitric oxide reduction over a high-surface area V2O5-TiO2 catalyst journal, March 1993

Title: A Perspective on the Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of NO with NH₃ by Supported V₂O₅ –WO₃/TiO₂ Catalysts

Combustion of natural gas with high-temperature air and large quantities of flue gas
journal, January 2000

Mechanism of the reaction of nitric oxide, ammonia, and oxygen over vanadia catalysts. 2. Isotopic transient studies with oxygen-18 and nitrogen-15
journal, December 1987

Laser Raman spectroscopy of supported vanadium oxide catalysts
journal, May 1990

A quantum chemical study of nitric oxide reduction by ammonia (SCR reaction) on V2O5 catalyst surface
journal, December 2006

Nature of Active Sites and Surface Intermediates during SCR of NO with NH ₃ by Supported V ₂ O ₅ –WO ₃ /TiO ₂ Catalysts
journal, October 2017

Vanadium Oxides on Aluminum Oxide Supports. 2. Structure, Vibrational Properties, and Reducibility of V ₂ O ₅ Clusters on α-Al ₂ O ₃ (0001)
journal, November 2005

Infrared study of the surface of titanium dioxides. II. Acidic and basic properties
journal, April 1971

The effects of structure on the catalytic activity and selectivity of V2O5/TiO2 for the reduction of NO by NH3
journal, April 1992

Environmental catalysis for stationary applications
journal, September 2000

Chemical and mechanistic aspects of the selective catalytic reduction of NO by ammonia over oxide catalysts: A review
journal, September 1998

Structural determination of supported vanadium pentoxide-tungsten trioxide-titania catalysts by in situ Raman spectroscopy and x-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
journal, November 1991

Vanadium oxide surfaces and supported vanadium oxide nanoparticles
journal, July 2006

Flame-made WO3/TiO2 nanoparticles: Relation between surface acidity, structure and photocatalytic activity
journal, February 2008

Surface characterization studies of TiO2 supported manganese oxide catalysts for low temperature SCR of NO with NH3
journal, October 2007

SELECTIVE CATALYTIC REDUCTION (SCR) OF NO BY AMMONIA OVER V2O5/TiO2 CATALYST IN A CATALYTIC FILTER MEDIUM AND HONEYCOMB REACTOR: A KINETIC MODELING STUDY
journal, December 2015

Catalytic Performance and Characterization of VO2+-Exchanged Titania-Pillared Clays for Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide with Ammonia
journal, November 2000

Reactivity and Physicochemical Characterization of V2O5-WO3/TiO2 De-NO Catalysts
journal, August 1995

Monolayer V2O5/TiO2 and MoO3/TiO2 catalysts prepared by different methods
journal, January 1991

Influences of impregnation procedure on the SCR activity and alkali resistance of V2O5–WO3/TiO2 catalyst
journal, October 2013

Vanadium-titanium oxide aerogel catalysts
journal, June 1995

Kinetics of nitric oxide reduction with ammonia on "chemical mixed" and impregnated vanadium(V) oxide-titanium(IV) oxide catalysts
journal, December 1984

The influence on SCR activity of the atomic structure of V2O5/TiO2 catalysts prepared by a mechanochemical method
journal, January 2013

X-ray absorption spectroscopy study of the titania- and alumina-supported tungsten oxide system
journal, September 1991

Ammonia activation over catalysts for the selective catalytic reduction of NOx and the selective catalytic oxidation of NH3. An FT-IR study
journal, September 1996

15N NMR Study of the Adsorption of NO and NH3on Titania-Supported Vanadia Catalysts
journal, January 1996

Effect of water on the kinetics of nitric oxide reduction over a high-surface-area V2O5/TiO2 catalyst
journal, February 1994

VOx Surface Coverage Optimization of V2O5/WO3-TiO2 SCR Catalysts by Variation of the V Loading and by Aging
journal, October 2015

Reactivity of Supported Vanadium Oxide Catalysts: The Partial Oxidation of Methanol
journal, April 1994

NH ₃ Adsorption on the Brönsted and Lewis Acid Sites of V ₂ O ₅ (010): A Periodic Density Functional Study
journal, May 1999

Intrinsic kinetics of nitric oxide reduction by ammonia on a vanadia-titania catalyst
journal, June 1992

Mechanism of the reaction of nitric oxide, ammonia, and oxygen over vanadia catalysts. I. The role of oxygen studied by way of isotopic transients under dilute conditions
journal, November 1987

Design of monolith catalysts for power plant nitrogen oxide (No.+-.) emission control
journal, May 1991

Mechanistic studies of selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide with ammonia over V2O5/TiO2 (anatase) catalysts through transient isotopic labeling at steady state
journal, February 1995

Transient response method applied to the kinetic analysis of the DeNOx–SCR reaction
journal, February 2001

Reaction Mechanism of H ₂ -Promoted Selective Catalytic Reduction of NO with NH ₃ over Ag/Al ₂ O ₃
journal, February 2007

Catalytic reduction of nitrogen oxides 1. The reduction of NO
journal, January 1985

Model Studies in Heterogeneous Catalysis
journal, July 2010

AES and TDS study of the adsorption of NH3 and NO on V2O5 and TiO2 surfaces: Mechanistic implications
journal, September 1989

Studies of surface reactions of nitric oxide by nitrogen-15 isotope labeling. I. Reaction between nitric oxide and ammonia over supported platinum at 200-250.deg.
journal, June 1970

Supported, bulk and bulk-supported vanadium oxide catalysts: A short review with an historical perspective
journal, May 2017

Influence of calcination treatment on the structure of grafted WOx species on titania
journal, February 1999

Experimental and kinetic modelling study of DeNOx on an industrial V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalyst
journal, May 1993

Adequacy of lumped parameter models for SCR reactors with monolith structure
journal, February 1992

FT-IR characterization of the surface acidity of different titanium dioxide anatase preparations
journal, January 1985

Investigation of Silica-Supported Vanadium Oxide Catalysts by High-Field ⁵¹ V Magic-Angle Spinning NMR
journal, March 2017

Mechanistic model of the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide with ammonia
journal, June 1985

Low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO with NH3 over Mn–Fe spinel: Performance, mechanism and kinetic study
journal, November 2011

X-ray absorption (EXAFS/XANES) study of supported vanadium oxide catalysts. Structure of surface vanadium oxide species on silica and γ-alumina at a low level of vanadium loading
journal, January 1988

Characterization of Vanadium and Titanium Oxide Supported SBA-15
journal, May 2005

Influence of Vanadium Location in Titania Supported Vanadomolybdophosphoric Acid Catalysts and Its Effect on the Oxidation and Ammoxidation Functionalities
journal, May 2008

Characterization and Reactivity of V2O5–MoO3/TiO2 De-NOx SCR Catalysts
journal, October 1999

Raman spectroscopy and thermal desorption of ammonia adsorbed on titania (anatase)-supported vanadia
journal, March 1992

Low temperature selective catalytic reduction of NO_x with NH₃ over Mn-based catalyst: A review
journal, January 2016

Solid-state vanadium-51 NMR structural studies on supported vanadium(V) oxide catalysts: vanadium oxide surface layers on alumina and titania supports
journal, September 1989

Molecular structure–reactivity relationships for the oxidation of sulfur dioxide over supported metal oxide catalysts
journal, November 1999

Fundamental Studies of Butane Oxidation over Model-Supported Vanadium Oxide Catalysts: Molecular Structure-Reactivity Relationships
journal, August 1997

Catalysis science of supported vanadium oxide catalysts
journal, January 2013

Quantitative structural analysis of dispersed vanadia species in TiO2(anatase)-supported V2O5
journal, April 1992

The Significance of Lewis Acid Sites for the Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitric Oxide on Vanadium-Based Catalysts
journal, August 2016

Comparison of alcohol and alkane oxidative dehydrogenation reactions over supported vanadium oxide catalysts: in situ infrared, Raman and UV–vis spectroscopic studies of surface alkoxide intermediates and of their surface chemistry
journal, January 2005

Structural Determination of Bulk and Surface Tungsten Oxides with UV−vis Diffuse Reflectance Spectroscopy and Raman Spectroscopy
journal, September 2007

NO–NH3 coadsorption on vanadia/titania catalysts: determination of the reduction degree of vanadium
journal, February 2001

Selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide with ammonia overV2O5/TiO2 catalyst: A steady-state and transient kinetic study
journal, May 1995

Vanadia grafted on TiO2–SiO2, TiO2 and SiO2 aerogels Structural properties and catalytic behaviour in selective reduction of NO by NH3
journal, November 1999

Relationship between the molecular structure of V ₂ O ₅ /TiO ₂ catalysts and the reactivity of SO ₂ oxidation
journal, January 2016

Fourier transform infrared study of the adsorption and coadsorption of nitric oxide, nitrogen dioxide and ammonia on TiO2 anatase
journal, September 1990

Use of isotopic transient techniques in the study of NO reduction reactions
journal, March 1997

Steady-State and Transient Reactivity Study of TiO ₂ -Supported V ₂ O ₅ −WO ₃ De-NO _x Catalysts: Relevance of the Vanadium−Tungsten Interaction on the Catalytic Activity
journal, January 1996

Investigation of iron oxide-chromia-alumina aerogels for the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide by ammonia
journal, August 1991

Characterization of Supported Metal Oxides by Laser Raman Spectroscopy: Supported Vanadium Oxide on Al ₂ O ₃ and TiO ₂
journal, January 1987

Brønsted-NH4+ mechanism versusnitrite mechanism: new insight into the selective catalyticreduction of NO by NH3
journal, January 2011

Reactivity of V2O5-WO3/TiO2 catalysts in the selective catalytic reduction of nitric oxide by ammonia
journal, May 1996

Vanadia-Titania Catalysts for Selective Catalytic Reduction of Nitric-Oxide by Ammonia
journal, January 1995

Study of synthesis and catalytic property of WO3/TiO2 catalysts for NO reduction at high temperatures
journal, November 2011

The reaction mechanism for the SCR process on monomer V ⁵⁺ sites and the effect of modified Brønsted acidity
journal, January 2016

Comparative study of SO2 adsorption on metal oxides
journal, January 1992

Kinetic modelling of nitric oxide reduction over a high-surface area V2O5-TiO2 catalyst
journal, March 1993

Vanadia/Titania Catalysts for Selective Catalytic Reduction (SCR) of Nitric-Oxide by Ammonia
journal, January 1995

TiO _x _- VO _x Mixed Oxides on SBA-15 Support Prepared by the Designed Dispersion of Acetylacetonate Complexes: Spectroscopic Study of the Reaction Mechanisms
journal, March 2004