Data acquisition and readout system for the LUX dark matter experiment

Akerib, D. S.; Bai, X.; Bedikian, S.; Bernard, E.; Bernstein, A.; Bradley, A.; Cahn, S. B.; Carmona-Benitez, M. C.; Carr, D.; Chapman, J. J.; Clark, K.; Classen, T.; Coffey, T.; Curioni, A.; Dazeley, S.; de Viveiros, L.; Dragowsky, M.; Druszkiewicz, E.; Faham, C. H.; Fiorucci, S.; Gaitskell, R. J.; Gibson, K. R.; Hall, C.; Hanhardt, M.; Holbrook, B.; Ihm, M.; Jacobsen, R. G.; Kastens, L.; Kazkaz, K.; Lander, R.; Larsen, N.; Lee, C.; Leonard, D.; Lesko, K.; Lyashenko, A.; Malling, D. C.; Mannino, R.; McKinsey, D. N.; Mei, D.; Mock, J.; Morii, M.; Nelson, H.; Nikkel, J. A.; Pangilinan, M.; Phelps, P.; Shutt, T.; Skulski, W.; Sorensen, P.; Spaans, J.; Stiegler, T.; Svoboda, R.; Sweany, M.; Szydagis, M.; Thomson, J.; Tripathi, M.; Verbus, J. R.; Walsh, N.; Webb, R.; White, J. T.; Wlasenko, M.; Wolfs, F. L. H.; Woods, M.; Zhang, C.

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2011.11.063

Title: Data acquisition and readout system for the LUX dark matter experiment

Abstract

LUX is a two-phase (liquid/gas) xenon time projection chamber designed to detect nuclear recoils from interactions with dark matter particles. Signals from the LUX detector are processed by custom-built analog electronics which provide properly shaped signals for the trigger and data acquisition (DAQ) systems. The DAQ is comprised of commercial digitizers with firmware customized for the LUX experiment. Data acquisition systems in rare-event searches must accommodate high rate and large dynamic range during precision calibrations involving radioactive sources, while also delivering low threshold for maximum sensitivity. The LUX DAQ meets these challenges using real-time baseline sup- pression that allows for a maximum event acquisition rate in excess of 1.5 kHz with virtually no deadtime. This work describes the LUX DAQ and the novel acquisition techniques employed in the LUX experiment.

Authors:

Akerib, D. S. ^[1]; Bai, X. ^[2]; Bedikian, S. ^[3]; Bernard, E. ^[3]; Bernstein, A. ^[4]; Bradley, A. ^[1]; Cahn, S. B. ^[3]; Carmona-Benitez, M. C. ^[1]; Carr, D. ^[4]; Chapman, J. J. ^[5]; Clark, K. ^[1]; Classen, T. ^[6]; Coffey, T. ^[1]; Curioni, A. ^[3]; Dazeley, S. ^[4]; de Viveiros, L. ^[5]; Dragowsky, M. ^[1]; Druszkiewicz, E. ^[7]; Faham, C. H. ^[5]; Fiorucci, S. ^[5] more »

Case Western Reserve Univ., Cleveland, OH (United States). Dept. of Physics
South Dakota School of Mines and Technology, Rapid City, SD (United States)
Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States). Dept. of Physics
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Brown Univ., Providence, RI (United States). Dept. of Physics
Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics
Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States). Dept. of Physics
Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Texas A & M Univ., College Station, TX (United States). Dept. of Physics
Univ. of South Dakota, Vermillion, SD (United States). Dept. of Physics
Harvard Univ., Cambridge, MA (United States). Dept. of Physics
Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States). Dept. of Physics

Publication Date:: Mon Nov 28 00:00:00 EST 2011

Research Org.:: Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA). Nuclear Science and Security Consortium (NSSC); National Science Foundation (NSF); Sanford Underground Research Facility (SURF), Lead, SD (United States)

OSTI Identifier:: 1454557

Grant/Contract Number:: NA0000979; FG02-08ER41549; FG02-91ER40688; FG02-95ER40917; FG02-91ER40674; FG02-11ER41738; FG02-11ER41751; AC52-07NA27344; PHYS-0750671; PHY-0801536; PHY-1004661; PHY-1102470; PHY-1003660; RA0350

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 668; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0168-9002

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 46 INSTRUMENTATION RELATED TO NUCLEAR SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY; Dark matter detectors; Data acquisition; Liquid xenon

Citation Formats


                    Akerib, D. S., Bai, X., Bedikian, S., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bradley, A., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carr, D., Chapman, J. J., Clark, K., Classen, T., Coffey, T., Curioni, A., Dazeley, S., de Viveiros, L., Dragowsky, M., Druszkiewicz, E., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gibson, K. R., Hall, C., Hanhardt, M., Holbrook, B., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kastens, L., Kazkaz, K., Lander, R., Larsen, N., Lee, C., Leonard, D., Lesko, K., Lyashenko, A., Malling, D. C., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D., Mock, J., Morii, M., Nelson, H., Nikkel, J. A., Pangilinan, M., Phelps, P., Shutt, T., Skulski, W., Sorensen, P., Spaans, J., Stiegler, T., Svoboda, R., Sweany, M., Szydagis, M., Thomson, J., Tripathi, M., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J. T., Wlasenko, M., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C. Data acquisition and readout system for the LUX dark matter experiment.  United States: N. p., 2011. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.nima.2011.11.063.

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                    Akerib, D. S., Bai, X., Bedikian, S., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bradley, A., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carr, D., Chapman, J. J., Clark, K., Classen, T., Coffey, T., Curioni, A., Dazeley, S., de Viveiros, L., Dragowsky, M., Druszkiewicz, E., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gibson, K. R., Hall, C., Hanhardt, M., Holbrook, B., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kastens, L., Kazkaz, K., Lander, R., Larsen, N., Lee, C., Leonard, D., Lesko, K., Lyashenko, A., Malling, D. C., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D., Mock, J., Morii, M., Nelson, H., Nikkel, J. A., Pangilinan, M., Phelps, P., Shutt, T., Skulski, W., Sorensen, P., Spaans, J., Stiegler, T., Svoboda, R., Sweany, M., Szydagis, M., Thomson, J., Tripathi, M., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J. T., Wlasenko, M., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., & Zhang, C. Data acquisition and readout system for the LUX dark matter experiment.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2011.11.063

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                    Akerib, D. S., Bai, X., Bedikian, S., Bernard, E., Bernstein, A., Bradley, A., Cahn, S. B., Carmona-Benitez, M. C., Carr, D., Chapman, J. J., Clark, K., Classen, T., Coffey, T., Curioni, A., Dazeley, S., de Viveiros, L., Dragowsky, M., Druszkiewicz, E., Faham, C. H., Fiorucci, S., Gaitskell, R. J., Gibson, K. R., Hall, C., Hanhardt, M., Holbrook, B., Ihm, M., Jacobsen, R. G., Kastens, L., Kazkaz, K., Lander, R., Larsen, N., Lee, C., Leonard, D., Lesko, K., Lyashenko, A., Malling, D. C., Mannino, R., McKinsey, D. N., Mei, D., Mock, J., Morii, M., Nelson, H., Nikkel, J. A., Pangilinan, M., Phelps, P., Shutt, T., Skulski, W., Sorensen, P., Spaans, J., Stiegler, T., Svoboda, R., Sweany, M., Szydagis, M., Thomson, J., Tripathi, M., Verbus, J. R., Walsh, N., Webb, R., White, J. T., Wlasenko, M., Wolfs, F. L. H., Woods, M., and Zhang, C. Mon .  
"Data acquisition and readout system for the LUX dark matter experiment".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2011.11.063.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1454557.

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@article{osti_1454557,

  title        = {Data acquisition and readout system for the LUX dark matter experiment},

  author       = {Akerib, D. S. and Bai, X. and Bedikian, S. and Bernard, E. and Bernstein, A. and Bradley, A. and Cahn, S. B. and Carmona-Benitez, M. C. and Carr, D. and Chapman, J. J. and Clark, K. and Classen, T. and Coffey, T. and Curioni, A. and Dazeley, S. and de Viveiros, L. and Dragowsky, M. and Druszkiewicz, E. and Faham, C. H. and Fiorucci, S. and Gaitskell, R. J. and Gibson, K. R. and Hall, C. and Hanhardt, M. and Holbrook, B. and Ihm, M. and Jacobsen, R. G. and Kastens, L. and Kazkaz, K. and Lander, R. and Larsen, N. and Lee, C. and Leonard, D. and Lesko, K. and Lyashenko, A. and Malling, D. C. and Mannino, R. and McKinsey, D. N. and Mei, D. and Mock, J. and Morii, M. and Nelson, H. and Nikkel, J. A. and Pangilinan, M. and Phelps, P. and Shutt, T. and Skulski, W. and Sorensen, P. and Spaans, J. and Stiegler, T. and Svoboda, R. and Sweany, M. and Szydagis, M. and Thomson, J. and Tripathi, M. and Verbus, J. R. and Walsh, N. and Webb, R. and White, J. T. and Wlasenko, M. and Wolfs, F. L. H. and Woods, M. and Zhang, C.},

  abstractNote = {LUX is a two-phase (liquid/gas) xenon time projection chamber designed to detect nuclear recoils from interactions with dark matter particles. Signals from the LUX detector are processed by custom-built analog electronics which provide properly shaped signals for the trigger and data acquisition (DAQ) systems. The DAQ is comprised of commercial digitizers with firmware customized for the LUX experiment. Data acquisition systems in rare-event searches must accommodate high rate and large dynamic range during precision calibrations involving radioactive sources, while also delivering low threshold for maximum sensitivity. The LUX DAQ meets these challenges using real-time baseline sup- pression that allows for a maximum event acquisition rate in excess of 1.5 kHz with virtually no deadtime. This work describes the LUX DAQ and the novel acquisition techniques employed in the LUX experiment.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.nima.2011.11.063},

  journal      = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},

  number       = C,

  volume       = 668,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Mon Nov 28 00:00:00 EST 2011},

  month        = {Mon Nov 28 00:00:00 EST 2011}

}

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https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2011.11.063

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Cited by: 22 works

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Figures / Tables:

Figure 1:: Data flow diagram of the LUX electronics and DAQ. Signals from the PMTs pass through air-side preamplifiers immediately after exiting the xenon space. A postamplifier further amplifies and shapes the signals. The postamplifier generates three outputs: one for the Struck ADCs, one for the DDC-8 digital trigger system,more »

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Works referenced in this record:

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Works referencing / citing this record:

Position reconstruction in LUX
journal, February 2018

Akerib, D. S.; Alsum, S.; Araújo, H. M.
Journal of Instrumentation, Vol. 13, Issue 02
DOI: 10.1088/1748-0221/13/02/p02001

Liquid noble gas detectors for low energy particle physics
journal, April 2013

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First Results from the LUX Dark Matter Experiment at the Sanford Underground Research Facility
journal, March 2014

Akerib, D. S.; Araújo, H. M.; Bai, X.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 112, Issue 9
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Direct detection of sub-GeV dark matter
journal, April 2012

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Results from a Search for Dark Matter in the Complete LUX Exposure
journal, January 2017

Akerib, D. S.; Alsum, S.; Araújo, H. M.
Physical Review Letters, Vol. 118, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.118.021303

Liquid noble gases for dark matter searches: An updated survey
journal, September 2015

Bernabei, R.; Belli, P.; Incicchitti, A.
International Journal of Modern Physics A, Vol. 30, Issue 26
DOI: 10.1142/s0217751x15300537

Ultralow energy calibration of LUX detector using ${}^{127}{Xe}$ electron capture
journal, December 2017

Akerib, D. S.; Alsum, S.; Araújo, H. M.
Physical Review D, Vol. 96, Issue 11
DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.96.112011

Calibration, event reconstruction, data analysis, and limit calculation for the LUX dark matter experiment
journal, May 2018

Akerib, D. S.; Alsum, S.; Araújo, H. M.
Physical Review D, Vol. 97, Issue 10
DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.97.102008

Liquid noble gas detectors for low energy particle physics
text, January 2012

Chepel, Vitaly; Araújo, Henrique
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1207.2292

Results from a search for dark matter in the complete LUX exposure
text, January 2016

Akerib, D. S.; Alsum, S.; Araújo, H. M.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1608.07648

Calibration, event reconstruction, data analysis and limits calculation for the LUX dark matter experiment
text, January 2017

Akerib, D. S.; Alsum, S.; Araújo, H. M.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1712.05696

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Title: Data acquisition and readout system for the LUX dark matter experiment

Abstract

Citation Formats

Figures / Tables:

The ZEPLIN-III dark matter detector: Instrument design, manufacture and commissioning journal, February 2007

First limits on WIMP nuclear recoil signals in ZEPLIN-II: A two-phase xenon detector for dark matter detection journal, November 2007

First Results from the XENON10 Dark Matter Experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory journal, January 2008

The XENON dark matter search experiment journal, May 2005

Direct Detection of dark Matter journal, December 2004

Absolute Scintillation Yields in Liquid Argon and Xenon for Various Particles journal, March 2002

Two-phase emission detectors and their applications journal, February 1999

Average energy expended per ion pair in liquid xenon journal, November 1975

Anisotropic diffusion of electrons in liquid xenon with application to improving the sensitivity of direct dark matter searches journal, April 2011

Charge Transport in Solid and Liquid Ar, Kr, and Xe journal, February 1968

First limits on WIMP nuclear recoil signals in ZEPLIN-II: A two-phase xenon detector for dark matter detection journal, November 2007

The ZEPLIN-III dark matter detector: instrument design, manufacture and commissioning text, January 2006

Position reconstruction in LUX journal, February 2018

Liquid noble gas detectors for low energy particle physics journal, April 2013

First Results from the LUX Dark Matter Experiment at the Sanford Underground Research Facility journal, March 2014

Direct detection of sub-GeV dark matter journal, April 2012

Results from a Search for Dark Matter in the Complete LUX Exposure journal, January 2017

Liquid noble gases for dark matter searches: An updated survey journal, September 2015

Ultralow energy calibration of LUX detector using Xe 127 electron capture journal, December 2017

Calibration, event reconstruction, data analysis, and limit calculation for the LUX dark matter experiment journal, May 2018

Liquid noble gas detectors for low energy particle physics text, January 2012

Results from a search for dark matter in the complete LUX exposure text, January 2016

Calibration, event reconstruction, data analysis and limits calculation for the LUX dark matter experiment text, January 2017

The ZEPLIN-III dark matter detector: Instrument design, manufacture and commissioning
journal, February 2007

First limits on WIMP nuclear recoil signals in ZEPLIN-II: A two-phase xenon detector for dark matter detection
journal, November 2007

First Results from the XENON10 Dark Matter Experiment at the Gran Sasso National Laboratory
journal, January 2008

The XENON dark matter search experiment
journal, May 2005

Direct Detection of dark Matter
journal, December 2004

Absolute Scintillation Yields in Liquid Argon and Xenon for Various Particles
journal, March 2002

Two-phase emission detectors and their applications
journal, February 1999

Average energy expended per ion pair in liquid xenon
journal, November 1975

Anisotropic diffusion of electrons in liquid xenon with application to improving the sensitivity of direct dark matter searches
journal, April 2011

Charge Transport in Solid and Liquid Ar, Kr, and Xe
journal, February 1968

First limits on WIMP nuclear recoil signals in ZEPLIN-II: A two-phase xenon detector for dark matter detection
journal, November 2007

The ZEPLIN-III dark matter detector: instrument design, manufacture and commissioning
text, January 2006

Position reconstruction in LUX
journal, February 2018

Liquid noble gas detectors for low energy particle physics
journal, April 2013

First Results from the LUX Dark Matter Experiment at the Sanford Underground Research Facility
journal, March 2014

Direct detection of sub-GeV dark matter
journal, April 2012

Results from a Search for Dark Matter in the Complete LUX Exposure
journal, January 2017

Liquid noble gases for dark matter searches: An updated survey
journal, September 2015

Ultralow energy calibration of LUX detector using ${}^{127}{Xe}$ electron capture
journal, December 2017

Calibration, event reconstruction, data analysis, and limit calculation for the LUX dark matter experiment
journal, May 2018

Liquid noble gas detectors for low energy particle physics
text, January 2012

Results from a search for dark matter in the complete LUX exposure
text, January 2016

Calibration, event reconstruction, data analysis and limits calculation for the LUX dark matter experiment
text, January 2017