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Title: Probing magnetism in 2D van der Waals crystalline insulators via electron tunneling

Abstract

Magnetic insulators are a key resource for next-generation spintronic and topological devices. The family of layered metal halides promises varied magnetic states, including ultrathin insulating multiferroics, spin liquids, and ferromagnets, but device-oriented characterization methods are needed to unlock their potential. In this paper, we report tunneling through the layered magnetic insulator CrI 3 as a function of temperature and applied magnetic field. We electrically detect the magnetic ground state and interlayer coupling and observe a field-induced metamagnetic transition. The metamagnetic transition results in magnetoresistances of 95, 300, and 550% for bilayer, trilayer, and tetralayer CrI 3 barriers, respectively. Finally, we further measure inelastic tunneling spectra for our junctions, unveiling a rich spectrum consistent with collective magnetic excitations (magnons) in CrI 3.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [1]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [3];  [4]; ORCiD logo [5];  [5];  [6]; ORCiD logo [7]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [1]
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States). Dept. of Physics
  2. International Iberian Nanotechnology Lab., Braga (Portugal). QuantaLab; Swiss Federal Inst. of Technology in Zurich (ETH Zurich) (Switzerland). Inst. for Theoretical Physics
  3. International Iberian Nanotechnology Lab., Braga (Portugal). QuantaLab
  4. Univ. of Valencia (Spain). Inst. of Molecular Science
  5. National Inst. for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba (Japan)
  6. Ames Lab. and Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy; Tata Inst. of Fundamental Research, Mumbai (India). Dept. of Condensed Matter Physics and Materials Science
  7. Ames Lab. and Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center for Excitonics (CE); Ames Lab. and Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States); International Iberian Nanotechnology Lab., Braga (Portugal); National Inst. for Materials Science (NIMS), Tsukuba (Japan)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22); National Science Foundation (NSF); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (United States); Marie Curie COFUND Programme (European Union); Foundation for Science and Technology (FCT) (Portugal); Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) (Japan); Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (JSPS)
OSTI Identifier:
1454360
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1459543
Report Number(s):
IS-J-9697
Journal ID: ISSN 0036-8075
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-07CH11358; SC0001088; DMR-1231319; 1122374; GBMF4541; GBMF4411; PTDC/FIS-NAN/3668/2014; JP15K21722; JP25106006
Resource Type:
Published Article
Journal Name:
Science
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Volume: 360; Journal Issue: 6394; Journal ID: ISSN 0036-8075
Publisher:
AAAS
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY

Citation Formats

Klein, D. R., MacNeill, D., Lado, J. L., Soriano, D., Navarro-Moratalla, E., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Manni, S., Canfield, P., Fernandez-Rossier, J., and Jarillo-Herrero, P. Probing magnetism in 2D van der Waals crystalline insulators via electron tunneling. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1126/science.aar3617.
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Klein, D. R., MacNeill, D., Lado, J. L., Soriano, D., Navarro-Moratalla, E., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Manni, S., Canfield, P., Fernandez-Rossier, J., & Jarillo-Herrero, P. Probing magnetism in 2D van der Waals crystalline insulators via electron tunneling. United States. doi:10.1126/science.aar3617.
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Klein, D. R., MacNeill, D., Lado, J. L., Soriano, D., Navarro-Moratalla, E., Watanabe, K., Taniguchi, T., Manni, S., Canfield, P., Fernandez-Rossier, J., and Jarillo-Herrero, P. Thu . "Probing magnetism in 2D van der Waals crystalline insulators via electron tunneling". United States. doi:10.1126/science.aar3617.
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@article{osti_1454360,
title = {Probing magnetism in 2D van der Waals crystalline insulators via electron tunneling},
author = {Klein, D. R. and MacNeill, D. and Lado, J. L. and Soriano, D. and Navarro-Moratalla, E. and Watanabe, K. and Taniguchi, T. and Manni, S. and Canfield, P. and Fernandez-Rossier, J. and Jarillo-Herrero, P.},
abstractNote = {Magnetic insulators are a key resource for next-generation spintronic and topological devices. The family of layered metal halides promises varied magnetic states, including ultrathin insulating multiferroics, spin liquids, and ferromagnets, but device-oriented characterization methods are needed to unlock their potential. In this paper, we report tunneling through the layered magnetic insulator CrI3 as a function of temperature and applied magnetic field. We electrically detect the magnetic ground state and interlayer coupling and observe a field-induced metamagnetic transition. The metamagnetic transition results in magnetoresistances of 95, 300, and 550% for bilayer, trilayer, and tetralayer CrI3 barriers, respectively. Finally, we further measure inelastic tunneling spectra for our junctions, unveiling a rich spectrum consistent with collective magnetic excitations (magnons) in CrI3.},
doi = {10.1126/science.aar3617},
journal = {Science},
number = 6394,
volume = 360,
place = {United States},
year = {2018},
month = {5}
}
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Journal Article:
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Publisher's Version of Record
DOI: 10.1126/science.aar3617
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Works referenced in this record:

QUANTUM ESPRESSO: a modular and open-source software project for quantum simulations of materials
journal, September 2009

  • Giannozzi, Paolo; Baroni, Stefano; Bonini, Nicola
  • Journal of Physics: Condensed Matter, Vol. 21, Issue 39, Article No. 395502
  • DOI: 10.1088/0953-8984/21/39/395502
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