Fermi surface in the absence of a Fermi liquid in the Kondo insulator SmB6

doi:10.1038/nphys4295

Title: Fermi surface in the absence of a Fermi liquid in the Kondo insulator SmB ₆

Abstract

The search for a Fermi surface in the absence of a conventional Fermi liquid has thus far yielded very few potential candidates. Among promising materials are spin-frustrated Mott insulators near the insulator–metal transition, where theory predicts a Fermi surface associated with neutral low-energy excitations. In this paper, we reveal another route to experimentally realize a Fermi surface in the absence of a Fermi liquid by the experimental study of a Kondo insulator SmB ₆ positioned close to the insulator–metal transition. We present experimental signatures down to low temperatures (<<1 K) associated with a Fermi surface in the bulk, including a sizeable linear specific heat coefficient, and on the application of a finite magnetic field, bulk magnetic quantum oscillations, finite quantum oscillatory entropy, and substantial enhancement in thermal conductivity well below the charge gap energy scale. Finally, the weight of evidence indicates that despite an extreme instance of Fermi liquid breakdown in Kondo insulating SmB ₆, a Fermi surface arises from novel itinerant low-energy excitations that couple to magnetic fields, but not weak DC electric fields.

Authors:

Hartstein, M. ^[1]; Toews, W. H. ^[2]; Hsu, Y. -T. ^[1]; Zeng, B. ^[3];

^[1]; Hatnean, M. Ciomaga ^[4]; Zhang, Q. R. ^[3]; Nakamura, S. ^[5]; Padgett, A. S. ^[6]; Rodway-Gant, G. ^[7]; Berk, J. ^[1]; Kingston, M. K. ^[1]; Zhang, G. H. ^[8]; Chan, M. K. ^[9]; Yamashita, S. ^[10]; Sakakibara, T. ^[5]; Takano, Y. ^[6]; Park, J. -H. ^[3];

^[3]; Harrison, N. ^[9] more »

Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom). Cavendish Lab.
Univ. of Waterloo, ON (Canada). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
National High Magnetic Field Lab. (MagLab), Tallahassee, FL (United States)
Univ. of Warwick, Coventry (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics
Univ. of Tokyo, Kashiwa (Japan). Inst. for Solid State Physics
Univ. of Florida, Gainesville, FL (United States). Dept. of Physics
Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom). Cavendish Lab.; Univ. of Oxford (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics
Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom). Cavendish Lab.; Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States). Dept. of Physics
Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Osaka Univ., Toyonaka (Japan). Dept. of Chemistry
National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, Kiev (Ukraine)

Publication Date:: 2017-10-23

Research Org.:: Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); National High Magnetic Field Lab. (MagLab), Tallahassee, FL (United States); Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom); Univ. of Warwick, Coventry (United Kingdom); Univ. of Waterloo, ON (Canada); Univ. of Tokyo, Kashiwa (Japan); Osaka Univ., Toyonaka (Japan)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22); National Science Foundation (NSF); Royal Society (United Kingdom); Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); European Research Council (ERC); Leverhulme Trust (United Kingdom); Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada (NSERC); Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, Science and Technology (MEXT) (Japan)

OSTI Identifier:: 1441312

Report Number(s):: LA-UR-17-29404
Journal ID: ISSN 1745-2473; TRN: US1900892

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-06NA25396; SC0002613; DMR-1157490; EP/P024947/1; EP/M028771/1; EP/K012894/1; EP/L014963/1; 337425; 15H05883; 15H03682; JP16K05447

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nature Physics

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 14; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1745-2473

Publisher:: Nature Publishing Group (NPG)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS

Citation Formats


                    Hartstein, M., Toews, W. H., Hsu, Y. -T., Zeng, B., Chen, X., Hatnean, M. Ciomaga, Zhang, Q. R., Nakamura, S., Padgett, A. S., Rodway-Gant, G., Berk, J., Kingston, M. K., Zhang, G. H., Chan, M. K., Yamashita, S., Sakakibara, T., Takano, Y., Park, J. -H., Balicas, L., Harrison, N., Shitsevalova, N., Balakrishnan, G., Lonzarich, G. G., Hill, R. W., Sutherland, M., and Sebastian, Suchitra E. Fermi surface in the absence of a Fermi liquid in the Kondo insulator SmB6.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
        Web.  doi:10.1038/nphys4295.

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                    Hartstein, M., Toews, W. H., Hsu, Y. -T., Zeng, B., Chen, X., Hatnean, M. Ciomaga, Zhang, Q. R., Nakamura, S., Padgett, A. S., Rodway-Gant, G., Berk, J., Kingston, M. K., Zhang, G. H., Chan, M. K., Yamashita, S., Sakakibara, T., Takano, Y., Park, J. -H., Balicas, L., Harrison, N., Shitsevalova, N., Balakrishnan, G., Lonzarich, G. G., Hill, R. W., Sutherland, M., & Sebastian, Suchitra E. Fermi surface in the absence of a Fermi liquid in the Kondo insulator SmB6.  United States.  doi:10.1038/nphys4295.

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                    Hartstein, M., Toews, W. H., Hsu, Y. -T., Zeng, B., Chen, X., Hatnean, M. Ciomaga, Zhang, Q. R., Nakamura, S., Padgett, A. S., Rodway-Gant, G., Berk, J., Kingston, M. K., Zhang, G. H., Chan, M. K., Yamashita, S., Sakakibara, T., Takano, Y., Park, J. -H., Balicas, L., Harrison, N., Shitsevalova, N., Balakrishnan, G., Lonzarich, G. G., Hill, R. W., Sutherland, M., and Sebastian, Suchitra E. Mon .  
        "Fermi surface in the absence of a Fermi liquid in the Kondo insulator SmB6".  United States.  doi:10.1038/nphys4295.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1441312.

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@article{osti_1441312,

  title        = {Fermi surface in the absence of a Fermi liquid in the Kondo insulator SmB6},

  author       = {Hartstein, M. and Toews, W. H. and Hsu, Y. -T. and Zeng, B. and Chen, X. and Hatnean, M. Ciomaga and Zhang, Q. R. and Nakamura, S. and Padgett, A. S. and Rodway-Gant, G. and Berk, J. and Kingston, M. K. and Zhang, G. H. and Chan, M. K. and Yamashita, S. and Sakakibara, T. and Takano, Y. and Park, J. -H. and Balicas, L. and Harrison, N. and Shitsevalova, N. and Balakrishnan, G. and Lonzarich, G. G. and Hill, R. W. and Sutherland, M. and Sebastian, Suchitra E.},

  abstractNote = {The search for a Fermi surface in the absence of a conventional Fermi liquid has thus far yielded very few potential candidates. Among promising materials are spin-frustrated Mott insulators near the insulator–metal transition, where theory predicts a Fermi surface associated with neutral low-energy excitations. In this paper, we reveal another route to experimentally realize a Fermi surface in the absence of a Fermi liquid by the experimental study of a Kondo insulator SmB6 positioned close to the insulator–metal transition. We present experimental signatures down to low temperatures (<<1 K) associated with a Fermi surface in the bulk, including a sizeable linear specific heat coefficient, and on the application of a finite magnetic field, bulk magnetic quantum oscillations, finite quantum oscillatory entropy, and substantial enhancement in thermal conductivity well below the charge gap energy scale. Finally, the weight of evidence indicates that despite an extreme instance of Fermi liquid breakdown in Kondo insulating SmB6, a Fermi surface arises from novel itinerant low-energy excitations that couple to magnetic fields, but not weak DC electric fields.},

  doi          = {10.1038/nphys4295},

  journal      = {Nature Physics},

  number       = 2,

  volume       = 14,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2017},

  month        = {10}

}

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Title: Fermi surface in the absence of a Fermi liquid in the Kondo insulator SmB 6

Abstract

Citation Formats

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Charge Friedel oscillations in a Mott insulator journal, July 2011

Topological Kondo Insulators journal, March 2010

Heat Capacity of α -Manganese from 0.2 to 0.4°K journal, September 1968

On the Chemistry and Physical Properties of Flux and Floating Zone Grown SmB6 Single Crystals journal, February 2016

Spin and charge dynamics of the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic two-dimensional half-filled Kondo lattice model journal, March 2001

Two-dimensional Fermi surfaces in Kondo insulator SmB 6 journal, December 2014

Low-temperature thermal expansion of SmB 6 : Evidence for a single energy scale in the thermodynamics of Kondo insulators journal, June 1994

Thermodynamic properties of a spin-1/2 spin-liquid state in a κ-type organic salt journal, April 2008

Fermi surface and cyclotron mass of PrB6 journal, October 1985

Thermal-Transport Studies on Two-Dimensional Quantum Spin Liquids journal, October 2011

Properties of the in-gap states in SmB6 journal, March 2001

Quasiparticle and thermodynamic mass in the heavy-fermion system CeB 6 journal, October 1993

Unconventional Fermi surface in an insulating state journal, July 2015

Thermal conductivity of R B 6 ( R = C e , P r , N d , S m , G d ) single crystals journal, August 1996

Quantum oscillations from inside the Fermi sea journal, February 2017

Pressure-Induced Localization of 4 f Electrons in the Intermediate Valence Compound SmB 6 journal, December 2013

Anomalous three-dimensional bulk ac conduction within the Kondo gap of SmB 6 single crystals journal, October 2016

Low-temperature surface conduction in the Kondo insulator SmB 6 journal, November 2013

Pressure-induced Fermi-liquid behavior in the Kondo insulator SmB 6 : Possible transition through a quantum critical point journal, May 2003

Bulk Fermi Surface of Charge-Neutral Excitations in SmB 6 or Not: A Heat-Transport Study journal, June 2016

Kondo Breakdown and Hybridization Fluctuations in the Kondo-Heisenberg Lattice journal, January 2007

de Haas-van Alphen Effect and Fermi Surface of LaB 6 journal, January 1977

Heavy fermions in the Kondo lattice as neutral quasiparticles journal, November 1992

Chemical potential asymmetry and quantum oscillations in insulators journal, September 2016

Fractionalized Fermi Liquids journal, May 2003

Are Kondo insulators gapless? journal, May 1993

High-Pressure Ground State of SmB 6 : Electronic Conduction and Long Range Magnetic Order journal, April 2005

Skyrme Insulators: Insulators at the Brink of Superconductivity journal, August 2017

Orbital magnetic field effects in spin liquid with spinon Fermi sea: Possible application to κ − ( ET ) 2 Cu 2 ( C N ) 3 journal, April 2006

Fractionalized Fermi liquid on the surface of a topological Kondo insulator journal, March 2016

Theory of the Thermal Hall Effect in Quantum Magnets journal, February 2010

The birth of topological insulators journal, March 2010

Transport anomalies in a simplified model for a heavy-electron quantum critical point journal, December 2005

Electronic orbital currents and polarization in Mott insulators journal, July 2008

Low-temperature magnetic fluctuations in the Kondo insulator SmB 6 journal, April 2014

The role of short-range magnetic correlations in the gap opening of topological Kondo insulators journal, July 2017

Surface Hall Effect and Nonlocal Transport in SmB6: Evidence for Surface Conduction journal, November 2013

Large, high quality single-crystals of the new Topological Kondo Insulator, SmB6 journal, October 2013

Excitons in topological Kondo insulators: Theory of thermodynamic and transport anomalies in SmB 6 journal, March 2017

Specific heat of SmB6 at very low temperatures journal, May 2006

Theory of quantum oscillations of magnetization in Kondo insulators journal, August 2017

Highly Mobile Gapless Excitations in a Two-Dimensional Candidate Quantum Spin Liquid journal, June 2010

Gapless spin liquid of an organic triangular compound evidenced by thermodynamic measurements journal, April 2011

Quantum critical phenomena in undoped heavy-fermion metals journal, November 1996

New interpretation of the de Haas-van Alphen signals of LaB6 journal, May 1988

Transport properties of a spinon Fermi surface coupled to a U(1) gauge field journal, December 2007

Fermi Surface and Cyclotron Mass of CeB 6 journal, October 1989

Weak magnetism and non-Fermi liquids near heavy-fermion critical points journal, January 2004

Nonmagnetic 4 f Shell in the High-Pressure Phase of SmS journal, August 1971

Electronic Structure of Mixed Valent Systems journal, January 2004

Quantum Oscillation in Narrow-Gap Topological Insulators journal, January 2016

Kondo Breakdown and Quantum Oscillations in SmB 6 journal, January 2016

High pressure insulator-metal transition in SmB6 journal, April 1994

Breaking the log-jam in many-body physics: Fermi surfaces without Fermi liquids journal, January 1992

Experimental study of lattice dynamics in LaB6 and YbB6 journal, January 1985

Weak Mott insulators on the triangular lattice: Possibility of a gapless nematic quantum spin liquid journal, June 2010

Interaction Driven Subgap Spin Exciton in the Kondo Insulator SmB 6 journal, January 2015

High-field suppression of in-gap states in the Kondo insulator Sm B 6 journal, February 2007

Specific heat measurements of YbB12 and YbxLu1−xB12 journal, December 1988

U(1) Gauge Theory of the Hubbard Model: Spin Liquid States and Possible Application to κ − ( BEDT − TTF ) 2 Cu 2 ( CN ) 3 journal, July 2005

Title: Fermi surface in the absence of a Fermi liquid in the Kondo insulator SmB ₆

Quantum Oscillations without a Fermi Surface and the Anomalous de Haas–van Alphen Effect
journal, September 2015

Charge Friedel oscillations in a Mott insulator
journal, July 2011

Topological Kondo Insulators
journal, March 2010

Heat Capacity of $α$ -Manganese from 0.2 to 0.4°K
journal, September 1968

On the Chemistry and Physical Properties of Flux and Floating Zone Grown SmB6 Single Crystals
journal, February 2016

Spin and charge dynamics of the ferromagnetic and antiferromagnetic two-dimensional half-filled Kondo lattice model
journal, March 2001

Two-dimensional Fermi surfaces in Kondo insulator SmB ₆
journal, December 2014

Low-temperature thermal expansion of ${SmB}_{6}$ : Evidence for a single energy scale in the thermodynamics of Kondo insulators
journal, June 1994

Thermodynamic properties of a spin-1/2 spin-liquid state in a κ-type organic salt
journal, April 2008

Fermi surface and cyclotron mass of PrB6
journal, October 1985

Thermal-Transport Studies on Two-Dimensional Quantum Spin Liquids
journal, October 2011

Properties of the in-gap states in SmB6
journal, March 2001

Quasiparticle and thermodynamic mass in the heavy-fermion system CeB ₆
journal, October 1993

Unconventional Fermi surface in an insulating state
journal, July 2015

Thermal conductivity of $R B_{6}$ ( $R = C e, P r, N d, S m, G d$ ) single crystals
journal, August 1996

Quantum oscillations from inside the Fermi sea
journal, February 2017

Pressure-Induced Localization of 4 f Electrons in the Intermediate Valence Compound SmB ₆
journal, December 2013

Anomalous three-dimensional bulk ac conduction within the Kondo gap of ${SmB}_{6}$ single crystals
journal, October 2016

Low-temperature surface conduction in the Kondo insulator SmB $_{6}$
journal, November 2013

Pressure-induced Fermi-liquid behavior in the Kondo insulator ${SmB}_{6} :$ Possible transition through a quantum critical point
journal, May 2003

Bulk Fermi Surface of Charge-Neutral Excitations in ${SmB}_{6}$ or Not: A Heat-Transport Study
journal, June 2016

Kondo Breakdown and Hybridization Fluctuations in the Kondo-Heisenberg Lattice
journal, January 2007

de Haas-van Alphen Effect and Fermi Surface of LaB ₆
journal, January 1977

Heavy fermions in the Kondo lattice as neutral quasiparticles
journal, November 1992

Chemical potential asymmetry and quantum oscillations in insulators
journal, September 2016

Fractionalized Fermi Liquids
journal, May 2003

Are Kondo insulators gapless?
journal, May 1993

High-Pressure Ground State of ${SmB}_{6}$ : Electronic Conduction and Long Range Magnetic Order
journal, April 2005

Skyrme Insulators: Insulators at the Brink of Superconductivity
journal, August 2017

Orbital magnetic field effects in spin liquid with spinon Fermi sea: Possible application to $κ − {(ET)}_{2} {Cu}_{2} {(C N)}_{3}$
journal, April 2006

Fractionalized Fermi liquid on the surface of a topological Kondo insulator
journal, March 2016

Theory of the Thermal Hall Effect in Quantum Magnets
journal, February 2010

The birth of topological insulators
journal, March 2010

Transport anomalies in a simplified model for a heavy-electron quantum critical point
journal, December 2005

Electronic orbital currents and polarization in Mott insulators
journal, July 2008

Low-temperature magnetic fluctuations in the Kondo insulator ${SmB}_{6}$
journal, April 2014

The role of short-range magnetic correlations in the gap opening of topological Kondo insulators
journal, July 2017

Surface Hall Effect and Nonlocal Transport in SmB6: Evidence for Surface Conduction
journal, November 2013

Large, high quality single-crystals of the new Topological Kondo Insulator, SmB6
journal, October 2013

Excitons in topological Kondo insulators: Theory of thermodynamic and transport anomalies in ${SmB}_{6}$
journal, March 2017

Specific heat of SmB6 at very low temperatures
journal, May 2006

Theory of quantum oscillations of magnetization in Kondo insulators
journal, August 2017

Highly Mobile Gapless Excitations in a Two-Dimensional Candidate Quantum Spin Liquid
journal, June 2010

Gapless spin liquid of an organic triangular compound evidenced by thermodynamic measurements
journal, April 2011

Quantum critical phenomena in undoped heavy-fermion metals
journal, November 1996

New interpretation of the de Haas-van Alphen signals of LaB6
journal, May 1988

Transport properties of a spinon Fermi surface coupled to a U(1) gauge field
journal, December 2007

Fermi Surface and Cyclotron Mass of CeB ₆
journal, October 1989

Weak magnetism and non-Fermi liquids near heavy-fermion critical points
journal, January 2004

Nonmagnetic $4 f$ Shell in the High-Pressure Phase of SmS
journal, August 1971

Electronic Structure of Mixed Valent Systems
journal, January 2004

Quantum Oscillation in Narrow-Gap Topological Insulators
journal, January 2016

Kondo Breakdown and Quantum Oscillations in ${SmB}_{6}$
journal, January 2016

High pressure insulator-metal transition in SmB6
journal, April 1994

Breaking the log-jam in many-body physics: Fermi surfaces without Fermi liquids
journal, January 1992

Experimental study of lattice dynamics in LaB6 and YbB6
journal, January 1985

Weak Mott insulators on the triangular lattice: Possibility of a gapless nematic quantum spin liquid
journal, June 2010

Interaction Driven Subgap Spin Exciton in the Kondo Insulator ${SmB}_{6}$
journal, January 2015

High-field suppression of in-gap states in the Kondo insulator $Sm B_{6}$
journal, February 2007

Specific heat measurements of YbB12 and YbxLu1−xB12
journal, December 1988

U(1) Gauge Theory of the Hubbard Model: Spin Liquid States and Possible Application to $κ − (BEDT − TTF)_{2} {Cu}_{2} (CN)_{3}$
journal, July 2005