The Role of the Side Chain on the Performance of N-type Conjugated Polymers in Aqueous Electrolytes
Abstract
Here, we report a design strategy that allows the preparation of solution processable n-type materials from low boiling point solvents for organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). The polymer backbone is based on NDI-T2 copolymers where a branched alkyl side chain is gradually exchanged for a linear ethylene glycol-based side chain. A series of random copolymers was prepared with glycol side chain percentages of 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, and 100 with respect to the alkyl side chains. These were characterized to study the influence of the polar side chains on interaction with aqueous electrolytes, their electrochemical redox reactions, and performance in OECTs when operated in aqueous electrolytes. We observed that glycol side chain percentages of >50% are required to achieve volumetric charging, while lower glycol chain percentages show a mixed operation with high required voltages to allow for bulk charging of the organic semiconductor. A strong dependence of the electron mobility on the fraction of glycol chains was found for copolymers based on NDI-T2, with a significant drop as alkyl side chains are replaced by glycol side chains.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[8];
[10];
[11];
[13]
- Imperial College, London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Chemistry, Dept. of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics
- Imperial College, London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Chemistry
- Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
- Mines ParisTech, CMP-EMSE, Paris (France). Dept. of Bioelectronics
- King Abdullah Univ. of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal (Saudi Arabia). Physical Sciences and Engineering Division and KAUST Solar Center (KSC)
- Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Biomedical Engineering
- King Abdullah Univ. of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal (Saudi Arabia). Biological and Environmental Science and Engineering
- Imperial College, London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics and Centre for Plastic Electronics
- Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States). Renewable and Sustainable Energy Inst.; National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States). Chemistry and Nanoscience Center
- Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States). Renewable and Sustainable Energy Inst. and Dept. of Chemistry and Biochemistry; National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States). Chemistry and Nanoscience Center
- Univ. of Cambridge (United Kingdom). Electrical Engineering Division
- Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Biomedical Engineering and Simpson Querry Inst. for BioNanotechnology
- Imperial College, London (United Kingdom). Dept. of Chemistry; King Abdullah Univ. of Science and Technology (KAUST), Thuwal (Saudi Arabia). Physical Sciences and Engineering Division and KAUST Solar Center (KSC)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division; BASF SE, Ludwigshafen (Germany); Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council (EPSRC); European Research Council (ERC); European Union (EU); National Science Foundation (NSF)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1440398
- Report Number(s):
- NREL/JA-5900-71212
Journal ID: ISSN 0897-4756
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC36-08GO28308; EP/P02484X/1; EP/G037515/1; EP/M005143/1; EP/N509486/1; EC FP7 Project SC2 (610115); EC H2020 Project SOLEDLIGHT (643791); 742708
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Chemistry of Materials
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 30; Journal Issue: 9; Journal ID: ISSN 0897-4756
- Publisher:
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; n-type materials; organic electrochemical transistors
Citation Formats
Giovannitti, Alexander, Maria, Iuliana P., Hanifi, David, Donahue, Mary J., Bryant, Daniel, Barth, Katrina J., Makdah, Beatrice E., Savva, Achilleas, Moia, Davide, Zetek, Matyas, Barnes, Piers R. F., Reid, Obadiah G., Inal, Sahika, Rumbles, Garry, Malliaras, George G., Nelson, Jenny, Rivnay, Jonathan, and McCulloch, Iain. The Role of the Side Chain on the Performance of N-type Conjugated Polymers in Aqueous Electrolytes. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b00321.
Giovannitti, Alexander, Maria, Iuliana P., Hanifi, David, Donahue, Mary J., Bryant, Daniel, Barth, Katrina J., Makdah, Beatrice E., Savva, Achilleas, Moia, Davide, Zetek, Matyas, Barnes, Piers R. F., Reid, Obadiah G., Inal, Sahika, Rumbles, Garry, Malliaras, George G., Nelson, Jenny, Rivnay, Jonathan, & McCulloch, Iain. The Role of the Side Chain on the Performance of N-type Conjugated Polymers in Aqueous Electrolytes. United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b00321
Giovannitti, Alexander, Maria, Iuliana P., Hanifi, David, Donahue, Mary J., Bryant, Daniel, Barth, Katrina J., Makdah, Beatrice E., Savva, Achilleas, Moia, Davide, Zetek, Matyas, Barnes, Piers R. F., Reid, Obadiah G., Inal, Sahika, Rumbles, Garry, Malliaras, George G., Nelson, Jenny, Rivnay, Jonathan, and McCulloch, Iain. Tue .
"The Role of the Side Chain on the Performance of N-type Conjugated Polymers in Aqueous Electrolytes". United States. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b00321. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1440398.
@article{osti_1440398,
title = {The Role of the Side Chain on the Performance of N-type Conjugated Polymers in Aqueous Electrolytes},
author = {Giovannitti, Alexander and Maria, Iuliana P. and Hanifi, David and Donahue, Mary J. and Bryant, Daniel and Barth, Katrina J. and Makdah, Beatrice E. and Savva, Achilleas and Moia, Davide and Zetek, Matyas and Barnes, Piers R. F. and Reid, Obadiah G. and Inal, Sahika and Rumbles, Garry and Malliaras, George G. and Nelson, Jenny and Rivnay, Jonathan and McCulloch, Iain},
abstractNote = {Here, we report a design strategy that allows the preparation of solution processable n-type materials from low boiling point solvents for organic electrochemical transistors (OECTs). The polymer backbone is based on NDI-T2 copolymers where a branched alkyl side chain is gradually exchanged for a linear ethylene glycol-based side chain. A series of random copolymers was prepared with glycol side chain percentages of 0, 10, 25, 50, 75, 90, and 100 with respect to the alkyl side chains. These were characterized to study the influence of the polar side chains on interaction with aqueous electrolytes, their electrochemical redox reactions, and performance in OECTs when operated in aqueous electrolytes. We observed that glycol side chain percentages of >50% are required to achieve volumetric charging, while lower glycol chain percentages show a mixed operation with high required voltages to allow for bulk charging of the organic semiconductor. A strong dependence of the electron mobility on the fraction of glycol chains was found for copolymers based on NDI-T2, with a significant drop as alkyl side chains are replaced by glycol side chains.},
doi = {10.1021/acs.chemmater.8b00321},
journal = {Chemistry of Materials},
number = 9,
volume = 30,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Apr 24 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Tue Apr 24 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
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Biofuel powered glucose detection in bodily fluids with an n-type conjugated polymer
journal, December 2019
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Conducting Polymer‐Based Biocomposites Using Deoxyribonucleic Acid (DNA) as Counterion
journal, November 2019
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n-Type organic electrochemical transistors: materials and challenges
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Materials in Organic Electrochemical Transistors for Bioelectronic Applications: Past, Present, and Future
journal, December 2018
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Oligo(ethylene glycol) as side chains of conjugated polymers for optoelectronic applications
journal, January 2020
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Role of the Anion on the Transport and Structure of Organic Mixed Conductors
journal, December 2018
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Organic semiconductors for biological sensing
journal, January 2019
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Reversible Electronic Solid–Gel Switching of a Conjugated Polymer
journal, October 2019
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Emerging research directions for n-type conjugated polymers
journal, January 2019
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Solvent Engineering for High‐Performance n‐Type Organic Electrochemical Transistors
journal, June 2019
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A fully inkjet-printed disposable glucose sensor on paper
journal, December 2018
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Design and evaluation of conjugated polymers with polar side chains as electrode materials for electrochemical energy storage in aqueous electrolytes
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The Mechanism of Dedoping PEDOT:PSS by Aliphatic Polyamines
journal, September 2019
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