Decomposition by ectomycorrhizal fungi alters soil carbon storage in a simulation model

Moore, J. A. M.; Jiang, J.; Post, W. M.; Classen, A. T.

doi:10.1890/ES14-00301.1

Title: Decomposition by ectomycorrhizal fungi alters soil carbon storage in a simulation model

Abstract

Carbon cycle models often lack explicit belowground organism activity, yet belowground organisms regulate carbon storage and release in soil. Ectomycorrhizal fungi are important players in the carbon cycle because they are a conduit into soil for carbon assimilated by the plant. It is hypothesized that ectomycorrhizal fungi can also be active decomposers when plant carbon allocation to fungi is low. Here, we reviewed the literature on ectomycorrhizal decomposition and we developed a simulation model of the plant-mycorrhizae interaction where a reduction in plant productivity stimulates ectomycorrhizal fungi to decompose soil organic matter. Our review highlights evidence demonstrating the potential for ectomycorrhizal fungi to decompose soil organic matter. Our model output suggests that ectomycorrhizal activity accounts for a portion of carbon decomposed in soil, but this portion varied with plant productivity and the mycorrhizal carbon uptake strategy simulated. Lower organic matter inputs to soil were largely responsible for reduced soil carbon storage. Using mathematical theory, we demonstrated that biotic interactions affect predictions of ecosystem functions. Specifically, we developed a simple function to model the mycorrhizal switch in function from plant symbiont to decomposer. In conclusion, we show that including mycorrhizal fungi with the flexibility of mutualistic and saprotrophic lifestyles alters predictionsmore » of ecosystem function.« less

Authors:

Moore, J. A. M. ^[1]; Jiang, J. ^[2]; Post, W. M. ^[1]; Classen, A. T. ^[3]

Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); National Institute for Mathematical and Biological Synthesis, Knoxville, TN (United States)
Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States); Univ. of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (Denmark)

Publication Date:: Fri Mar 06 00:00:00 EST 2015

Research Org.:: Univ. of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER). Biological Systems Science Division

OSTI Identifier:: 1439446

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0010562

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Ecosphere

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 6; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 2150-8925

Publisher:: Ecological Society of America

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES; carbon cycle; decomposition; ectomycorrhizae; extracellular enzyme activity; plant-soil interactions; simulation model; soil carbon sequestration

Citation Formats


                    Moore, J. A. M., Jiang, J., Post, W. M., and Classen, A. T. Decomposition by ectomycorrhizal fungi alters soil carbon storage in a simulation model.  United States: N. p., 2015. 
Web.  doi:10.1890/ES14-00301.1.

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                    Moore, J. A. M., Jiang, J., Post, W. M., & Classen, A. T. Decomposition by ectomycorrhizal fungi alters soil carbon storage in a simulation model.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1890/ES14-00301.1

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                    Moore, J. A. M., Jiang, J., Post, W. M., and Classen, A. T. Fri .  
"Decomposition by ectomycorrhizal fungi alters soil carbon storage in a simulation model".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1890/ES14-00301.1.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1439446.

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@article{osti_1439446,

  title        = {Decomposition by ectomycorrhizal fungi alters soil carbon storage in a simulation model},

  author       = {Moore, J. A. M. and Jiang, J. and Post, W. M. and Classen, A. T.},

  abstractNote = {Carbon cycle models often lack explicit belowground organism activity, yet belowground organisms regulate carbon storage and release in soil. Ectomycorrhizal fungi are important players in the carbon cycle because they are a conduit into soil for carbon assimilated by the plant. It is hypothesized that ectomycorrhizal fungi can also be active decomposers when plant carbon allocation to fungi is low. Here, we reviewed the literature on ectomycorrhizal decomposition and we developed a simulation model of the plant-mycorrhizae interaction where a reduction in plant productivity stimulates ectomycorrhizal fungi to decompose soil organic matter. Our review highlights evidence demonstrating the potential for ectomycorrhizal fungi to decompose soil organic matter. Our model output suggests that ectomycorrhizal activity accounts for a portion of carbon decomposed in soil, but this portion varied with plant productivity and the mycorrhizal carbon uptake strategy simulated. Lower organic matter inputs to soil were largely responsible for reduced soil carbon storage. Using mathematical theory, we demonstrated that biotic interactions affect predictions of ecosystem functions. Specifically, we developed a simple function to model the mycorrhizal switch in function from plant symbiont to decomposer. In conclusion, we show that including mycorrhizal fungi with the flexibility of mutualistic and saprotrophic lifestyles alters predictions of ecosystem function.},

  doi          = {10.1890/ES14-00301.1},

  journal      = {Ecosphere},

  number       = 3,

  volume       = 6,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Fri Mar 06 00:00:00 EST 2015},

  month        = {Fri Mar 06 00:00:00 EST 2015}

}

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DOI: 10.5445/ir/1000105781

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Comparative genomics and transcriptomics depict ericoid mycorrhizal fungi as versatile saprotrophs and plant mutualists

Journal Article Martino, Elena ; Morin, Emmanuelle ; Grelet, Gwen‐Aëlle ; ... - New Phytologist

Some soil fungi in the Leotiomycetes form ericoid mycorrhizal (ERM) symbioses with Ericaceae. In the harsh habitats in which they occur, ERM plant survival relies on nutrient mobilization from soil organic matter (SOM) by their fungal partners. The characterization of the fungal genetic machinery underpinning both the symbiotic lifestyle and SOM degradation is needed to understand ERM symbiosis functioning and evolution, and its impact on soil carbon (C) turnover. We sequenced the genomes of the ERM fungi Meliniomyces bicolor, M. variabilis, Oidiodendron maius and Rhizoscyphus ericae, and compared their gene repertoires with those of fungi with different lifestyles (ecto- and orchidmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1111/nph.14974

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Comparative analysis of secretomes from Ectomycorrhizal fungi with an emphasis on small-secreted proteins

Journal Article Pellegrin, Clement ; Morin, Emmanuelle ; Martin, Francis M. ; ... - Frontiers in Microbiology

Fungi are major players in the carbon cycle in forest ecosystems due to the wide range of interactions they have with plants either through soil degradation processes by litter decayers or biotrophic interactions with pathogenic and ectomycorrhizal symbionts. Secretion of fungal proteins mediates these interactions by allowing the fungus to interact with its environment and/or host. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) symbiosis independently appeared several times throughout evolution and involves approximately 80% of trees. Despite extensive physiological studies on ECM symbionts, little is known about the composition and specificities of their secretomes. In this study, we used a bioinformatics pipeline to predict andmore »« less
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https://doi.org/10.3389/fmicb.2015.01278

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Large-scale genome sequencing of mycorrhizal fungi provides insights into the early evolution of symbiotic traits

Journal Article Miyauchi, Shingo ; Kiss, Enikő ; Kuo, Alan ; ... - Nature Communications

Mycorrhizal fungi are mutualists that play crucial roles in nutrient acquisition in terrestrial ecosystems. Mycorrhizal symbioses arose repeatedly across multiple lineages of Mucoromycotina, Ascomycota, and Basidiomycota. Considerable variation exists in the capacity of mycorrhizal fungi to acquire carbon from soil organic matter. Here, we present a combined analysis of 135 fungal genomes from 73 saprotrophic, endophytic and pathogenic species, and 62 mycorrhizal species, including 29 new mycorrhizal genomes. This study samples ecologically dominant fungal guilds for which there were previously no symbiotic genomes available, including ectomycorrhizal Russulales, Thelephorales and Cantharellales. Our analyses show that transitions from saprotrophy to symbiosis involvemore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1038/s41467-020-18795-w

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Soil microbial function and fungal community data along an ectomycorrhizal basal area gradient, Vermont, May 2019

Dataset Fitch, Amelia ; Lang, Ashley ; Whalen, Emily ; ...

Mycorrhizal fungi can affect soil organic matter cycling through several mechanisms including priming, nutrient competition, and direct enzyme production. Differences in nutrient foraging strategies between ectomycorrhizal (EcM) and arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi produce divergent belowground dynamics: where EcM can take up organic nitrogen and directly break down SOM by producing enzymes, AM fungi are limited to scavenging mineral N. EcM-associated tree species also have leaf litter with relatively higher ratios of carbon to nitrogen (C:N), and belowground saprotrophic communities more dominated by fungi. Consequently, free-living microbes in EcM-dominated soils should experience nitrogen limitation, with subsequent increases in enzyme production andmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.15485/1659374

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The genome of Laccaria bicolor provides insights into mycorrhizal symbiosis

Journal Article Martin, F. ; Aerts, A. ; Ahren, D. ; ... - Nature

Mycorrhizal symbioses the union of roots and soil fungi are universal in terrestrial ecosystems and may have been fundamental to land colonization by plants 1, 2. Boreal, temperate and montane forests all depend on ectomycorrhizae1. Identification of the primary factors that regulate symbiotic development and metabolic activity will therefore open the door to understanding the role of ectomycorrhizae in plant development and physiology, allowing the full ecological significance of this symbiosis to be explored. Here we report the genome sequence of the ectomycorrhizal basidiomycete Laccaria bicolor (Fig. 1) and highlight gene sets involved in rhizosphere colonization and symbiosis. This 65-megabasemore »« less
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Supplement 1. R code for simulating long-term soil carbon pools.
dataset, January 2016

Moore, J. A. M.; Jiang, J.; Post, W. M.
Wiley
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3563946
This dataset is a supplement to the current record

Supplement 1. R code for simulating long-term soil carbon pools.
dataset, January 2016

Moore, J. A. M.; Jiang, J.; Post, W. M.
Wiley
DOI: 10.6084/m9.figshare.3563946.v1
This dataset is a supplement to the current record