Universal doping evolution of the superconducting gap anisotropy in single crystals of electron-doped Ba(Fe1–xRhx)2As2 from London penetration depth measurements

Kim, Hyunsoo; Tanatar, M. A.; Martin, C.; Blomberg, E. C.; Ni, Ni; Bud'ko, S. L.; Canfield, P. C.; Prozorov, R.

doi:10.1088/1361-648X/aabef9

Title: Universal doping evolution of the superconducting gap anisotropy in single crystals of electron-doped Ba(Fe_1–xRh_x)₂As₂ from London penetration depth measurements

Abstract

Doping evolution of the superconducting gap anisotropy was studied in single crystals of 4d-electron doped Ba(Fe_1–xRh_x)₂As₂ using tunnel diode resonator measurements of the temperature variation of the London penetration depth Δλ(T). Single crystals with doping levels representative of an underdoped regime x = 0.039 (T_c = 15.5 K), close to optimal doping x = 0.057 (T_c = 24.4 K) and overdoped x = 0.079 (T_c = 21.5 K) and x = 0.131(T_c = 4.9 K) were studied. Superconducting energy gap anisotropy was characterized by the exponent, n, by fitting the data to the power-law, Δλ = ATⁿ. The exponent n varies non-monotonically with x, increasing to a maximum n = 2.5 for x = 0.079 and rapidly decreasing towards overdoped compositions to 1.6 for x = 0.131. This behavior is qualitatively similar to the doping evolution of the superconducting gap anisotropy in other iron pnictides, including hole-doped (Ba,K)Fe₂As₂ and 3d-electron-doped Ba(Fe,Co)₂As₂ superconductors, finding a full gap near optimal doping and strong anisotropy toward the ends of the superconducting dome in the T-x phase diagram. The normalized superfluid density in an optimally Rh-doped sample is almost identical to the temperature-dependence in the optimally doped Ba(Fe,Co)₂As₂ samples. In conclusion, our study supportsmore »« less

Authors:

^[1];

^[2]; Martin, C. ^[3]; Blomberg, E. C. ^[2]; Ni, Ni ^[2];

^[2];

^[2]

Ames Lab. and Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States); Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
Ames Lab. and Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)
Ames Lab. and Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States); Ramapo College of New Jersey, Mahwah, NJ (United States)

Publication Date:: Tue May 08 00:00:00 EDT 2018

Research Org.:: Ames Lab., Ames, IA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1439427

Report Number(s):: IS-J-9665
Journal ID: ISSN 0953-8984; TRN: US1900609

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-07CH11358

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 30; Journal Issue: 22; Journal ID: ISSN 0953-8984

Publisher:: IOP Publishing

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY; superconductivity; London penetration depth; superfluid density; Fe-based superconductivity

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                    Kim, Hyunsoo, Tanatar, M. A., Martin, C., Blomberg, E. C., Ni, Ni, Bud'ko, S. L., Canfield, P. C., and Prozorov, R. Universal doping evolution of the superconducting gap anisotropy in single crystals of electron-doped Ba(Fe1–xRhx)2As2 from London penetration depth measurements.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1088/1361-648X/aabef9.

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                    Kim, Hyunsoo, Tanatar, M. A., Martin, C., Blomberg, E. C., Ni, Ni, Bud'ko, S. L., Canfield, P. C., & Prozorov, R. Universal doping evolution of the superconducting gap anisotropy in single crystals of electron-doped Ba(Fe1–xRhx)2As2 from London penetration depth measurements.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648X/aabef9

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                    Kim, Hyunsoo, Tanatar, M. A., Martin, C., Blomberg, E. C., Ni, Ni, Bud'ko, S. L., Canfield, P. C., and Prozorov, R. Tue .  
"Universal doping evolution of the superconducting gap anisotropy in single crystals of electron-doped Ba(Fe1–xRhx)2As2 from London penetration depth measurements".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648X/aabef9.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1439427.

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@article{osti_1439427,

  title        = {Universal doping evolution of the superconducting gap anisotropy in single crystals of electron-doped Ba(Fe1–xRhx)2As2 from London penetration depth measurements},

  author       = {Kim, Hyunsoo and Tanatar, M. A. and Martin, C. and Blomberg, E. C. and Ni, Ni and Bud'ko, S. L. and Canfield, P. C. and Prozorov, R.},

  abstractNote = {Doping evolution of the superconducting gap anisotropy was studied in single crystals of 4d-electron doped Ba(Fe1–xRhx)2As2 using tunnel diode resonator measurements of the temperature variation of the London penetration depth Δλ(T). Single crystals with doping levels representative of an underdoped regime x = 0.039 (Tc = 15.5 K), close to optimal doping x = 0.057 (Tc = 24.4 K) and overdoped x = 0.079 (Tc = 21.5 K) and x = 0.131(Tc = 4.9 K) were studied. Superconducting energy gap anisotropy was characterized by the exponent, n, by fitting the data to the power-law, Δλ = ATn. The exponent n varies non-monotonically with x, increasing to a maximum n = 2.5 for x = 0.079 and rapidly decreasing towards overdoped compositions to 1.6 for x = 0.131. This behavior is qualitatively similar to the doping evolution of the superconducting gap anisotropy in other iron pnictides, including hole-doped (Ba,K)Fe2As2 and 3d-electron-doped Ba(Fe,Co)2As2 superconductors, finding a full gap near optimal doping and strong anisotropy toward the ends of the superconducting dome in the T-x phase diagram. The normalized superfluid density in an optimally Rh-doped sample is almost identical to the temperature-dependence in the optimally doped Ba(Fe,Co)2As2 samples. In conclusion, our study supports the universal superconducting gap variation with doping and pairing at least in iron based superconductors of the BaFe2As2 family.},

  doi          = {10.1088/1361-648X/aabef9},

  journal      = {Journal of Physics. Condensed Matter},

  number       = 22,

  volume       = 30,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue May 08 00:00:00 EDT 2018},

  month        = {Tue May 08 00:00:00 EDT 2018}

}

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https://doi.org/10.1088/1361-648X/aabef9

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Figure 1: (a) Normalized temperature variation of the London penetration depth ∆λ(T)/∆λ(T_c) in samples of Ba(Fe_1−xRh_x)₂As₂, left to right x = 0.131 (red), x = 0.039 (green), x = 0.076 (black) and x = 0.057 (magenta). (b) Magneto-optical images of selected optimally doped samples (x = 0.057) showing homogeneous expulsionmore »

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Title: Universal doping evolution of the superconducting gap anisotropy in single crystals of electron-doped Ba(Fe1–xRhx)2As2 from London penetration depth measurements

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A Sharp Peak of the Zero-Temperature Penetration Depth at Optimal Composition in BaFe2(As1-xPx)2 journal, June 2012

Possible Multiple Gap Superconductivity with Line Nodes in Heavily Hole-Doped Superconductor KFe 2 As 2 Studied by 75 As Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance and Specific Heat journal, August 2009

Superconductivity gets an iron boost journal, March 2010

Pairing Mechanism in Fe-Based Superconductors journal, March 2012

Field-dependent transport critical current in single crystals of Ba(Fe 1 − x TM x ) 2 As 2 (TM = Co, Ni) superconductors journal, April 2010

Gap structure in the electron-doped iron–arsenide superconductor Ba(Fe 0.92 Co 0.08 ) 2 As 2 : low-temperature specific heat study journal, February 2010

Evolution from non-Fermi- to Fermi-liquid transport via isovalent doping in BaFe 2 ( As 1 − x P x ) 2 superconductors journal, May 2010

The London penetration depth in BaFe 2 As 2 superconductors at high electron doping level journal, May 2010

Energy gap evolution across the superconductivity dome in single crystals of (Ba 1− x K x )Fe 2 As 2 journal, September 2016

FeAs-Based Superconductivity: A Case Study of the Effects of Transition Metal Doping on BaFe 2 As 2 journal, August 2010

Superconductivity and Crystal Structures of (Ba 1− x K x )Fe 2 As 2 ( x =0-1) journal, September 2008

Evolution of London penetration depth with scattering in single crystals of K 1 − x Na x Fe 2 As 2 journal, May 2014

Dome – like variation of the superconducting gap anisotropy in Fe-based superconductors journal, July 2013

Gap symmetry and structure of Fe-based superconductors journal, October 2011

Magnetic penetration depth in unconventional superconductors journal, June 2006

London penetration depth in iron-based superconductors journal, September 2011

London penetration depth in single crystals of Ba ( Fe 1 − x Co x ) 2 As 2 spanning underdoped to overdoped compositions journal, March 2009

Doping Dependence of Heat Transport in the Iron-Arsenide Superconductor Ba ( Fe 1 − x Co x ) 2 As 2 : From Isotropic to a Strongly k -Dependent Gap Structure journal, February 2010

Nodes in the gap structure of the iron arsenide superconductor Ba ( Fe 1 − x Co x ) 2 As 2 from c -axis heat transport measurements journal, August 2010

Evidence for line nodes in the energy gap of the overdoped Ba(Fe 1 − x Co x ) 2 As 2 from low-temperature specific heat measurements journal, August 2011

Jump in specific heat at the superconducting transition temperature in Ba ( Fe 1 − x Co x ) 2 As 2 and Ba ( Fe 1 − x Ni x ) 2 As 2 single crystals journal, June 2009

Specific-heat discontinuity Δ C vs. T c in annealed Ba(Fe 1 − x Co x ) 2 As 2 journal, August 2012

Unconventional Superconductivity with a Sign Reversal in the Order Parameter of LaFeAsO 1 − x F x journal, July 2008

Line nodes in the energy gap of superconducting BaFe 2 ( As 1 − x P x ) 2 single crystals as seen via penetration depth and thermal conductivity journal, June 2010

Nodal gap structure of superconducting BaFe 2 (As 1 − x P x ) 2 from angle-resolved thermal conductivity in a magnetic field journal, August 2011

Competition between superconductivity and magnetic/nematic order as a source of anisotropic superconducting gap in underdoped Ba 1 − x K x Fe 2 As 2 journal, July 2014

Quantum Criticality and Nodal Superconductivity in the FeAs-Based Superconductor KFe 2 As 2 journal, February 2010

Universal Heat Conduction in the Iron Arsenide Superconductor KFe 2 As 2 : Evidence of a d -Wave State journal, August 2012

Effects of electron irradiation on resistivity and London penetration depth of Ba 1 − x K x Fe 2 As 2 ( x ≤ 0.34 ) iron-pnictide superconductor journal, September 2014

Phase diagrams of Ba ( Fe 1 − x M x ) 2 As 2 single crystals ( M = Rh and Pd) journal, July 2009

Systematics of the temperature-dependent interplane resistivity in Ba(Fe 1 − x M x ) 2 As 2 ( M = Co , Rh, Ni, and Pd) journal, July 2011

Interplane resistivity of underdoped single crystals (Ba 1 − x K x )Fe 2 As 2 ( 0 ≤ x < 0.34 ) journal, April 2014

Magneto-optical study of Ba ( Fe 1 − x M x ) 2 As 2 ( M = Co and Ni) single crystals irradiated with heavy ions journal, March 2010

Meissner-London state in superconductors of rectangular cross section in a perpendicular magnetic field journal, July 2000

Doping evolution of the absolute value of the London penetration depth and superfluid density in single crystals of Ba ( Fe 1 − x Co x ) 2 As 2 journal, August 2010

London penetration depth in Ba ( Fe 1 − x T x ) 2 As 2 ( T = Co , Ni ) superconductors irradiated with heavy ions journal, August 2010

Robust Nodal Superconductivity Induced by Isovalent Doping in Ba ( Fe 1 − x Ru x ) 2 As 2 and BaFe 2 ( As 1 − x P x ) 2 journal, February 2012

Pseudogap and its critical point in the heavily doped Ba ( Fe 1 − x Co x ) 2 As 2 from c -axis resistivity measurements journal, October 2010

Comprehensive scenario for single-crystal growth and doping dependence of resistivity and anisotropic upper critical fields in (Ba 1 − x K x )Fe 2 As 2 ( 0.22 ≤ x ≤ 1 ) journal, April 2014

Magnetic Penetration Depth in Unconventional Superconductors journal, January 2007

Superconductivity and Crystal Structures of (Ba1-xKx)Fe2As2 (x = 0 - 1) text, January 2008

Doping dependence of heat transport in the iron-arsenide superconductor Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_x$)$_2$As$_2$: from isotropic to strongly $k$-dependent gap structure text, January 2009

Gap structure in the electron-doped Iron-Arsenide Superconductor Ba(Fe0.92Co0.08)2As2: low-temperature specific heat study text, January 2010

FeAs-based superconductivity: a case study of the effects of transition metal doping on BaFe2As2 text, January 2010

Evidence for line nodes in the energy gap of the overdoped Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$)$_{2}$As$_{2}$ from low-temperature specific heat measurements text, January 2011

Energy Gap Evolution Across the Superconductivity Dome in Single Crystals of (Ba$_{1-x}$K$_x$)Fe$_2$As$_2$ text, January 2016

Magnetic Penetration Depth in Unconventional Superconductors text, January 2006

Title: Universal doping evolution of the superconducting gap anisotropy in single crystals of electron-doped Ba(Fe_1–xRh_x)₂As₂ from London penetration depth measurements

A Sharp Peak of the Zero-Temperature Penetration Depth at Optimal Composition in BaFe2(As1-xPx)2
journal, June 2012

Possible Multiple Gap Superconductivity with Line Nodes in Heavily Hole-Doped Superconductor KFe ₂ As ₂ Studied by ⁷⁵ As Nuclear Quadrupole Resonance and Specific Heat
journal, August 2009

Superconductivity gets an iron boost
journal, March 2010

Pairing Mechanism in Fe-Based Superconductors
journal, March 2012

Field-dependent transport critical current in single crystals of Ba(Fe _{1 − x} TM _x ) ₂ As ₂ (TM = Co, Ni) superconductors
journal, April 2010

Gap structure in the electron-doped iron–arsenide superconductor Ba(Fe _0.92 Co _0.08 ) ₂ As ₂ : low-temperature specific heat study
journal, February 2010

Evolution from non-Fermi- to Fermi-liquid transport via isovalent doping in ${BaFe}_{2} {({As}_{1 - x} P_{x})}_{2}$ superconductors
journal, May 2010

The London penetration depth in BaFe ₂ As ₂ superconductors at high electron doping level
journal, May 2010

Energy gap evolution across the superconductivity dome in single crystals of (Ba _{1− x} K _x )Fe ₂ As ₂
journal, September 2016

FeAs-Based Superconductivity: A Case Study of the Effects of Transition Metal Doping on BaFe ₂ As ₂
journal, August 2010

Superconductivity and Crystal Structures of (Ba _{1− x} K _x )Fe ₂ As ₂ ( x =0-1)
journal, September 2008

Evolution of London penetration depth with scattering in single crystals of $K_{1 - x}$ ${Na}_{x}$ ${Fe}_{2}$ ${As}_{2}$
journal, May 2014

Dome – like variation of the superconducting gap anisotropy in Fe-based superconductors
journal, July 2013

Gap symmetry and structure of Fe-based superconductors
journal, October 2011

Magnetic penetration depth in unconventional superconductors
journal, June 2006

London penetration depth in iron-based superconductors
journal, September 2011

London penetration depth in single crystals of $Ba {({Fe}_{1 - x} {Co}_{x})}_{2} {As}_{2}$ spanning underdoped to overdoped compositions
journal, March 2009

Doping Dependence of Heat Transport in the Iron-Arsenide Superconductor $Ba ({Fe}_{1 - x} {Co}_{x})_{2} {As}_{2}$ : From Isotropic to a Strongly $k$ -Dependent Gap Structure
journal, February 2010

Nodes in the gap structure of the iron arsenide superconductor $Ba {({Fe}_{1 - x} {Co}_{x})}_{2} {As}_{2}$ from $c$ -axis heat transport measurements
journal, August 2010

Evidence for line nodes in the energy gap of the overdoped Ba(Fe $_{1 - x}$ Co $_{x}$ ) $_{2}$ As $_{2}$ from low-temperature specific heat measurements
journal, August 2011

Jump in specific heat at the superconducting transition temperature in $Ba {({Fe}_{1 - x} {Co}_{x})}_{2} {As}_{2}$ and $Ba {({Fe}_{1 - x} {Ni}_{x})}_{2} {As}_{2}$ single crystals
journal, June 2009

Specific-heat discontinuity $Δ C$ vs. $T_{c}$ in annealed Ba(Fe $_{1 - x}$ Co $_{x}$ ) $_{2}$ As $_{2}$
journal, August 2012

Unconventional Superconductivity with a Sign Reversal in the Order Parameter of ${LaFeAsO}_{1 - x} F_{x}$
journal, July 2008

Line nodes in the energy gap of superconducting ${BaFe}_{2} {({As}_{1 - x} P_{x})}_{2}$ single crystals as seen via penetration depth and thermal conductivity
journal, June 2010

Nodal gap structure of superconducting BaFe $_{2}$ (As $_{1 - x}$ P $_{x}$ ) $_{2}$ from angle-resolved thermal conductivity in a magnetic field
journal, August 2011

Competition between superconductivity and magnetic/nematic order as a source of anisotropic superconducting gap in underdoped ${Ba}_{1 - x}$ $K_{x}$ ${Fe}_{2}$ ${As}_{2}$
journal, July 2014

Quantum Criticality and Nodal Superconductivity in the FeAs-Based Superconductor ${KFe}_{2} {As}_{2}$
journal, February 2010

Universal Heat Conduction in the Iron Arsenide Superconductor ${KFe}_{2} {As}_{2}$ : Evidence of a $d$ -Wave State
journal, August 2012

Effects of electron irradiation on resistivity and London penetration depth of ${Ba}_{1 - x} K_{x} {Fe}_{2} {As}_{2} (x \leq 0.34)$ iron-pnictide superconductor
journal, September 2014

Phase diagrams of $Ba {({Fe}_{1 - x} M_{x})}_{2} {As}_{2}$ single crystals ( $M = Rh$ and Pd)
journal, July 2009

Systematics of the temperature-dependent interplane resistivity in Ba(Fe $_{1 - x} M_{x}$ ) $_{2}$ As $_{2}$ ( $M = Co$ , Rh, Ni, and Pd)
journal, July 2011

Interplane resistivity of underdoped single crystals (Ba $_{1 - x}$ K $_{x}$ )Fe $_{2}$ As $_{2}$ ( $0 \leq x < 0.34$ )
journal, April 2014

Magneto-optical study of $Ba {({Fe}_{1 - x} M_{x})}_{2} {As}_{2}$ ( $M = Co$ and Ni) single crystals irradiated with heavy ions
journal, March 2010

Meissner-London state in superconductors of rectangular cross section in a perpendicular magnetic field
journal, July 2000

Doping evolution of the absolute value of the London penetration depth and superfluid density in single crystals of $Ba {({Fe}_{1 - x} {Co}_{x})}_{2} {As}_{2}$
journal, August 2010

London penetration depth in $Ba {({Fe}_{1 - x} T_{x})}_{2} {As}_{2}$ $(T = Co, Ni)$ superconductors irradiated with heavy ions
journal, August 2010

Robust Nodal Superconductivity Induced by Isovalent Doping in $Ba ({Fe}_{1 - x} {Ru}_{x})_{2} {As}_{2}$ and ${BaFe}_{2} ({As}_{1 - x} P_{x})_{2}$
journal, February 2012

Pseudogap and its critical point in the heavily doped $Ba {({Fe}_{1 - x} {Co}_{x})}_{2} {As}_{2}$ from $c$ -axis resistivity measurements
journal, October 2010

Comprehensive scenario for single-crystal growth and doping dependence of resistivity and anisotropic upper critical fields in (Ba $_{1 - x}$ K $_{x}$ )Fe $_{2}$ As $_{2}$ ( $0.22 \leq x \leq 1$ )
journal, April 2014

Magnetic Penetration Depth in Unconventional Superconductors
journal, January 2007

Superconductivity and Crystal Structures of (Ba1-xKx)Fe2As2 (x = 0 - 1)
text, January 2008

Doping dependence of heat transport in the iron-arsenide superconductor Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_x$)$_2$As$_2$: from isotropic to strongly $k$-dependent gap structure
text, January 2009

Gap structure in the electron-doped Iron-Arsenide Superconductor Ba(Fe0.92Co0.08)2As2: low-temperature specific heat study
text, January 2010

FeAs-based superconductivity: a case study of the effects of transition metal doping on BaFe2As2
text, January 2010

Evidence for line nodes in the energy gap of the overdoped Ba(Fe$_{1-x}$Co$_{x}$)$_{2}$As$_{2}$ from low-temperature specific heat measurements
text, January 2011

Energy Gap Evolution Across the Superconductivity Dome in Single Crystals of (Ba$_{1-x}$K$_x$)Fe$_2$As$_2$
text, January 2016

Magnetic Penetration Depth in Unconventional Superconductors
text, January 2006