Dynamical initial-state model for relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Shen, Chun; Schenke, Bjorn

doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.97.024907

Title: Dynamical initial-state model for relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Abstract

We present a fully three-dimensional model providing initial conditions for energy and net-baryon density distributions in heavy ion collisions at arbitrary collision energy. The model includes the dynamical deceleration of participating nucleons or valence quarks, depending on the implementation. The duration of the deceleration continues until the string spanned between colliding participants is assumed to thermalize, which is either after a fixed proper time, or a uctuating time depending on sampled final rapidities. Energy is deposited in space-time along the string, which in general will span a range of space-time rapidities and proper times. We study various observables obtained directly from the initial state model, including net-baryon rapidity distributions, 2-particle rapidity correlations, as well as the rapidity decorrelation of the transverse geometry. Their dependence on the model implementation and parameter values is investigated. Here, we also present the implementation of the model with 3+1 dimensional hydrodynamics, which involves the addition of source terms that deposit energy and net-baryon densities produced by the initial state model at proper times greater than the initial time for the hydrodynamic simulation.

Authors:

Shen, Chun ^[1]; Schenke, Bjorn ^[1]

Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Publication Date:: Thu Feb 15 00:00:00 EST 2018

Research Org.:: Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1439300

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1421296

Report Number(s):: BNL-205705-2018-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985; PRVCAN; TRN: US1900597

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704; AC02-05CH11231

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review C

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 97; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; Initial State

Citation Formats


                    Shen, Chun, and Schenke, Bjorn. Dynamical initial-state model for relativistic heavy-ion collisions.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.97.024907.

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                    Shen, Chun, & Schenke, Bjorn. Dynamical initial-state model for relativistic heavy-ion collisions.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.97.024907

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                    Shen, Chun, and Schenke, Bjorn. Thu .  
"Dynamical initial-state model for relativistic heavy-ion collisions".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.97.024907.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1439300.

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@article{osti_1439300,

  title        = {Dynamical initial-state model for relativistic heavy-ion collisions},

  author       = {Shen, Chun and Schenke, Bjorn},

  abstractNote = {We present a fully three-dimensional model providing initial conditions for energy and net-baryon density distributions in heavy ion collisions at arbitrary collision energy. The model includes the dynamical deceleration of participating nucleons or valence quarks, depending on the implementation. The duration of the deceleration continues until the string spanned between colliding participants is assumed to thermalize, which is either after a fixed proper time, or a uctuating time depending on sampled final rapidities. Energy is deposited in space-time along the string, which in general will span a range of space-time rapidities and proper times. We study various observables obtained directly from the initial state model, including net-baryon rapidity distributions, 2-particle rapidity correlations, as well as the rapidity decorrelation of the transverse geometry. Their dependence on the model implementation and parameter values is investigated. Here, we also present the implementation of the model with 3+1 dimensional hydrodynamics, which involves the addition of source terms that deposit energy and net-baryon densities produced by the initial state model at proper times greater than the initial time for the hydrodynamic simulation.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevC.97.024907},

  journal      = {Physical Review C},

  number       = 2,

  volume       = 97,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Feb 15 00:00:00 EST 2018},

  month        = {Thu Feb 15 00:00:00 EST 2018}

}

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FIG. 1.: Nucleon positions as a function of one transverse (x) and the longitudinal direction (z) for to different collision energies.

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https://doi.org/10.1103/PHYSREVC.78.044901
Longitudinal fluctuations and decorrelations of anisotropic flows in relativistic heavy-ion collisions

Journal Article Wu, Xiang-Yu ; Pang, Long-Gang ; Qin, Guang-You ; ... - Nuclear Physics. A

We study the longitudinal decorrelations of elliptic, triangular and quadrangular flows in heavy-ion collisions at the LHC and RHIC energies. The event-by-event CLVisc (3+1)-dimensional hydrodynamics model, combined with the fully fluctuating AMPT initial conditions, is utilized to simulate the space-time evolution of the strongly-coupled quark-gluon plasma. Detailed analysis is performed for the longitudinal decorrelations of flow vectors, flow magnitudes and flow orientations. We find strong correlations between final-state longitudinal decorrelations of anisotropic flows and initial-state longitudinal structures and collision geometry: while the decorrelation of elliptic flow shows a non- monotonic centrality dependence due to initial elliptic geometry, typically the longitudinalmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2018.09.014

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Title: Dynamical initial-state model for relativistic heavy-ion collisions

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Charged-particle multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions measured with the PHOBOS detector in Au + Au , Cu + Cu , d + Au , and p + p collisions at ultrarelativistic energies journal, February 2011

3D glasma initial state for relativistic heavy ion collisions journal, October 2016

Bulk properties of the medium produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions from the beam energy scan program journal, October 2017

HIJING 1.0: A Monte Carlo program for parton and particle production in high energy hadronic and nuclear collisions journal, December 1994

Forward-backward multiplicity fluctuation and longitudinal harmonics in high-energy nuclear collisions journal, April 2016

EPS09 — A new generation of NLO and LO nuclear parton distribution functions journal, April 2009

Measurement of forward-backward multiplicity correlations in lead-lead, proton-lead, and proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector journal, June 2017

Anisotropic flow in transport + hydrodynamics hybrid approaches journal, November 2014

CT10 next-to-next-to-leading order global analysis of QCD journal, February 2014

QCD Phase Diagram and the Critical Point journal, January 2004

Microscopic models for ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions journal, January 1998

Proton and deuteron production in Au+Au reactions at 1 1 . 6 A GeV / c journal, October 1999

Decorrelation of anisotropic flow along the longitudinal direction journal, April 2016

Pseudorapidity correlations in heavy ion collisions from viscous fluid dynamics journal, January 2016

Collective Flow and Viscosity in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions journal, October 2013

Measurement of higher cumulants of net-charge multiplicity distributions in Au + Au collisions at s N N = 7.7 – 200 GeV journal, January 2016

New approach to initializing hydrodynamic fields and mini-jet propagation in quark-gluon fluids journal, May 2017

Event-by-event fluctuations in heavy ion collisions and the QCD critical point journal, November 1999

High baryon densities in heavy ion collisions at energies attainable at the BNL Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider and the CERN Large Hadron Collider journal, January 2017

Parton fragmentation and string dynamics journal, July 1983

Effects of initial flow velocity fluctuation in event-by-event (3+1)D hydrodynamics journal, August 2012

Simple model for rapidity fluctuations in the initial state of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions journal, June 2016

Energy densities, initial conditions and hydrodynamic equations for ultra-relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions journal, April 1983

Noncritical fluctuations of (net) charges and (net) protons from the iebe-vishnu hybrid model journal, January 2018

Glauber Modeling in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions journal, November 2007

Dual parton model journal, January 1994

Beam Energy Dependence of Moments of the Net-Charge Multiplicity Distributions in Au + Au Collisions at RHIC journal, August 2014

Proton and pion production in Au+Au collisions at 1 0 . 8 A GeV/ c journal, July 2000

Centrality dependence of proton and antiproton spectra in Pb + Pb collisions at 40 A GeV and 158 A GeV measured at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron journal, January 2011

Particle production at high baryon density in central Au+Au reactions at 11.6 A GeV/ c journal, February 1998

Effect of longitudinal fluctuation in event-by-event (3+1)D hydrodynamics journal, May 2013

Linear extrapolation of ultrarelativistic nucleon-nucleon scattering to nucleus-nucleus collisions journal, July 1997

The torque effect and fluctuations of entropy deposition in rapidity in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions journal, January 2016

Energy Dependence of Moments of Net-Proton Multiplicity Distributions at RHIC journal, January 2014

Nucleus-nucleus collisions in the dynamical string model journal, January 2000

(3+1)D hydrodynamic simulation of relativistic heavy-ion collisions journal, July 2010

Recent Results from NA61/SHINE journal, January 2017

Hydrodynamic Modeling of Heavy-Ion Collisions journal, April 2013

Evidence for transverse-momentum- and pseudorapidity-dependent event-plane fluctuations in PbPb and p Pb collisions journal, September 2015

Initial conditions for hydrodynamical calculations of ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions journal, December 1982

Estimation of the shear viscosity at finite net-baryon density from A + A collision data at s NN = 7.7 – 200 GeV journal, June 2015

Relativistic hadron-hadron collisions in the ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model journal, September 1999

Signatures of the Tricritical Point in QCD journal, November 1998

The string model for ultrarelativistic nuclear scattering journal, July 1995

Bulk properties of the medium produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions from the beam energy scan program text, January 2017

Recent Results from NA61/SHINE journal, January 2015

Recent Results From NA61/SHINE journal, October 2016

Dual parton model journal, December 2001

Measurement of forward-backward multiplicity correlations in lead-lead, proton-lead, and proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector text, January 2017

Evidence for transverse-momentum- and pseudorapidity-dependent event-plane fluctuations in PbPb and pPb collisions text, January 2015

Recent Results from NA61/SHINE journal, January 2019

EPS09 - a New Generation of NLO and LO Nuclear Parton Distribution Functions text, January 2009

Effects of initial flow velocity fluctuation in event-by-event (3+1)D hydrodynamics text, January 2012

Collective flow and viscosity in relativistic heavy-ion collisions text, January 2013

Hydrodynamic Modeling of Heavy-Ion Collisions text, January 2013

Energy Dependence of Moments of Net-proton Multiplicity Distributions at RHIC text, January 2013

A simple model for rapidity fluctuations in the initial state of ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions text, January 2015

3-D Glasma initial state for relativistic heavy ion collisions text, January 2016

Measurement of forward-backward multiplicity correlations in lead-lead, proton-lead and proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector text, January 2016

Bulk Properties of the Medium Produced in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions from the Beam Energy Scan Program text, January 2017

New approach to initializing hydrodynamic fields and mini-jet propagation in quark-gluon fluids text, January 2017

QCD phase diagram and the critical point text, January 2004

Signatures of the Tricritical Point in QCD text, January 1998

Event-by-Event Fluctuations in Heavy Ion Collisions and the QCD Critical Point text, January 1999

Relativistic Hadron-Hadron Collisions in the Ultra-Relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics Model (UrQMD) text, January 1999

Glauber Modeling in High Energy Nuclear Collisions text, January 2007

The String Model for Ultrarelativistic Nuclear Scattering text, January 1994

Linear Extrapolation of Ultrarelativistic Nucleon-Nucleon Scattering to Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions text, January 1997

Enhancement of strange baryons in high-multiplicity proton–proton and proton–nucleus collisions journal, December 2018

Sensitivity of the excitation functions of collective flow to relativistic scalar and vector meson interactions in the relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model RQMD.RMF journal, November 2019

Estimates of the baryon densities attainable in heavy-ion collisions from the beam energy scan program journal, July 2018

Centrality fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions text, January 2018

Estimates of the baryon densities attainable in heavy-ion collisions from the beam energy scan program text, January 2018

Dynamically integrated transport approach for heavy-ion collisions at high baryon density text, January 2018

Longitudinal Dynamics of High Baryon Density Matter in High Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions text, January 2018

Lattice-based equation of state at finite baryon number, electric charge and strangeness chemical potentials text, January 2019

Charged-particle multiplicity and pseudorapidity distributions measured with the PHOBOS detector in $Au + Au$ , $Cu + Cu$ , $d + Au$ , and $p + p$ collisions at ultrarelativistic energies
journal, February 2011

3D glasma initial state for relativistic heavy ion collisions
journal, October 2016

Bulk properties of the medium produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions from the beam energy scan program
journal, October 2017

HIJING 1.0: A Monte Carlo program for parton and particle production in high energy hadronic and nuclear collisions
journal, December 1994

Forward-backward multiplicity fluctuation and longitudinal harmonics in high-energy nuclear collisions
journal, April 2016

EPS09 — A new generation of NLO and LO nuclear parton distribution functions
journal, April 2009

Measurement of forward-backward multiplicity correlations in lead-lead, proton-lead, and proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector
journal, June 2017

Anisotropic flow in transport + hydrodynamics hybrid approaches
journal, November 2014

CT10 next-to-next-to-leading order global analysis of QCD
journal, February 2014

QCD Phase Diagram and the Critical Point
journal, January 2004

Microscopic models for ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions
journal, January 1998

Proton and deuteron production in Au+Au reactions at $11.6 A GeV / c$
journal, October 1999

Decorrelation of anisotropic flow along the longitudinal direction
journal, April 2016

Pseudorapidity correlations in heavy ion collisions from viscous fluid dynamics
journal, January 2016

Collective Flow and Viscosity in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
journal, October 2013

Measurement of higher cumulants of net-charge multiplicity distributions in $Au + Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 7.7 - 200 GeV$
journal, January 2016

New approach to initializing hydrodynamic fields and mini-jet propagation in quark-gluon fluids
journal, May 2017

Event-by-event fluctuations in heavy ion collisions and the QCD critical point
journal, November 1999

High baryon densities in heavy ion collisions at energies attainable at the BNL Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collider and the CERN Large Hadron Collider
journal, January 2017

Parton fragmentation and string dynamics
journal, July 1983

Effects of initial flow velocity fluctuation in event-by-event (3+1)D hydrodynamics
journal, August 2012

Simple model for rapidity fluctuations in the initial state of ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, June 2016

Energy densities, initial conditions and hydrodynamic equations for ultra-relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions
journal, April 1983

Noncritical fluctuations of (net) charges and (net) protons from the iebe-vishnu hybrid model
journal, January 2018

Glauber Modeling in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions
journal, November 2007

Dual parton model
journal, January 1994

Beam Energy Dependence of Moments of the Net-Charge Multiplicity Distributions in $Au + Au$ Collisions at RHIC
journal, August 2014

Proton and pion production in Au+Au collisions at $10.8 A$ GeV/ c
journal, July 2000

Centrality dependence of proton and antiproton spectra in Pb $+$ Pb collisions at $40 A$ GeV and $158 A$ GeV measured at the CERN Super Proton Synchrotron
journal, January 2011

Particle production at high baryon density in central Au+Au reactions at 11.6 $A$ GeV/ $c$
journal, February 1998

Effect of longitudinal fluctuation in event-by-event (3+1)D hydrodynamics
journal, May 2013

Linear extrapolation of ultrarelativistic nucleon-nucleon scattering to nucleus-nucleus collisions
journal, July 1997

The torque effect and fluctuations of entropy deposition in rapidity in ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions
journal, January 2016

Energy Dependence of Moments of Net-Proton Multiplicity Distributions at RHIC
journal, January 2014

Nucleus-nucleus collisions in the dynamical string model
journal, January 2000

(3+1)D hydrodynamic simulation of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, July 2010

Recent Results from NA61/SHINE
journal, January 2017

Hydrodynamic Modeling of Heavy-Ion Collisions
journal, April 2013

Evidence for transverse-momentum- and pseudorapidity-dependent event-plane fluctuations in PbPb and $p Pb$ collisions
journal, September 2015

Initial conditions for hydrodynamical calculations of ultra-relativistic nuclear collisions
journal, December 1982

Estimation of the shear viscosity at finite net-baryon density from $A + A$ collision data at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 7.7 - 200$ GeV
journal, June 2015

Relativistic hadron-hadron collisions in the ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model
journal, September 1999

Signatures of the Tricritical Point in QCD
journal, November 1998

The string model for ultrarelativistic nuclear scattering
journal, July 1995

Bulk properties of the medium produced in relativistic heavy-ion collisions from the beam energy scan program
text, January 2017

Recent Results from NA61/SHINE
journal, January 2015

Recent Results From NA61/SHINE
journal, October 2016

Dual parton model
journal, December 2001

Measurement of forward-backward multiplicity correlations in lead-lead, proton-lead, and proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector
text, January 2017

Evidence for transverse-momentum- and pseudorapidity-dependent event-plane fluctuations in PbPb and pPb collisions
text, January 2015

Recent Results from NA61/SHINE
journal, January 2019

EPS09 - a New Generation of NLO and LO Nuclear Parton Distribution Functions
text, January 2009

Effects of initial flow velocity fluctuation in event-by-event (3+1)D hydrodynamics
text, January 2012

Collective flow and viscosity in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
text, January 2013

Hydrodynamic Modeling of Heavy-Ion Collisions
text, January 2013

Energy Dependence of Moments of Net-proton Multiplicity Distributions at RHIC
text, January 2013

A simple model for rapidity fluctuations in the initial state of ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions
text, January 2015

3-D Glasma initial state for relativistic heavy ion collisions
text, January 2016

Measurement of forward-backward multiplicity correlations in lead-lead, proton-lead and proton-proton collisions with the ATLAS detector
text, January 2016

Bulk Properties of the Medium Produced in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions from the Beam Energy Scan Program
text, January 2017

New approach to initializing hydrodynamic fields and mini-jet propagation in quark-gluon fluids
text, January 2017

QCD phase diagram and the critical point
text, January 2004

Signatures of the Tricritical Point in QCD
text, January 1998

Event-by-Event Fluctuations in Heavy Ion Collisions and the QCD Critical Point
text, January 1999

Relativistic Hadron-Hadron Collisions in the Ultra-Relativistic Quantum Molecular Dynamics Model (UrQMD)
text, January 1999

Glauber Modeling in High Energy Nuclear Collisions
text, January 2007

The String Model for Ultrarelativistic Nuclear Scattering
text, January 1994

Linear Extrapolation of Ultrarelativistic Nucleon-Nucleon Scattering to Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions
text, January 1997

Enhancement of strange baryons in high-multiplicity proton–proton and proton–nucleus collisions
journal, December 2018

Sensitivity of the excitation functions of collective flow to relativistic scalar and vector meson interactions in the relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model RQMD.RMF
journal, November 2019

Estimates of the baryon densities attainable in heavy-ion collisions from the beam energy scan program
journal, July 2018

Centrality fluctuations in heavy-ion collisions
text, January 2018

Estimates of the baryon densities attainable in heavy-ion collisions from the beam energy scan program
text, January 2018

Dynamically integrated transport approach for heavy-ion collisions at high baryon density
text, January 2018

Longitudinal Dynamics of High Baryon Density Matter in High Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions
text, January 2018

Lattice-based equation of state at finite baryon number, electric charge and strangeness chemical potentials
text, January 2019