In Situ Analysis of Solvent and Additive Effects on Film Morphology Evolution in Spin-Cast Small-Molecule and Polymer Photovoltaic Materials
Abstract
Abstract To elucidate the details of film morphology/order evolution during spin‐coating, solvent and additive effects are systematically investigated for three representative organic solar cell (OSC) active layer materials using combined in situ grazing incidence wide angle x‐ray scattering (GIWAXS) and optical reflectance. Two archetypical semiconducting donor (p‐type) polymers, P3HT and PTB7, and semiconducting donor small‐molecule, p ‐DTS(FBTTh 2 ) 2 are studied using three neat solvents (chloroform, chlorobenzene, 1,2‐dichlorobenzene) and four processing additives (1‐chloronaphthalene, diphenyl ether, 1,8‐diiodooctane, and 1,6‐diiodohexane). In situ GIWAXS identifies several trends: 1) for neat solvents, rapid crystallization occurs that risks kinetically locking the material into multiple crystal structures or crystalline orientations; and 2) for solvent + additive processed films, morphology evolution involves sequential transformations on timescales ranging from seconds to hours, with key divergences dependent on additive/semiconductor molecular interactions. When π‐planes dominate the additive/semiconductor interactions, both polymers and small molecule films follow similar evolutions, completing in 1–5 min. When side chains dominate the additive/semiconductor interactions, polymer film maturation times are up to 9 h, while initial crystallization times <10 s are observed for small‐molecule films. This study offers guiding information on OSC donor intermediate morphologies, evolution timescales, and divergent evolutions that can inform OSC manufacture.
- Authors:
-
[3];
[1]
- Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Chemistry and the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center; Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division
- Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). X-Ray Science Division
- Northwestern Univ., Evanston, IL (United States). Dept. of Chemistry and the Argonne-Northwestern Solar Energy Research (ANSER) Center
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Energy Frontier Research Centers (EFRC) (United States). Center for Light Energy Activated Redox Processes (LEAP); Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Science Foundation (NSF); Qatar NPRP
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1471497
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1439115
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-06CH11357; SC0001059; FG02-08ER46536; 7-286-1-046; 0960140; DE‐SC0001059; DE‐FG02‐08ER46536; DE‐AC02‐06CH11357
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Advanced Energy Materials
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 8; Journal Issue: 23; Journal ID: ISSN 1614-6832
- Publisher:
- Wiley
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 25 ENERGY STORAGE; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; additives; in situ GIWAXS; organic solar cells; polymer; spin-coating
Citation Formats
Manley, Eric F., Strzalka, Joseph, Fauvell, Thomas J., Marks, Tobin J., and Chen, Lin X. In Situ Analysis of Solvent and Additive Effects on Film Morphology Evolution in Spin-Cast Small-Molecule and Polymer Photovoltaic Materials. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1002/aenm.201800611.
Manley, Eric F., Strzalka, Joseph, Fauvell, Thomas J., Marks, Tobin J., & Chen, Lin X. In Situ Analysis of Solvent and Additive Effects on Film Morphology Evolution in Spin-Cast Small-Molecule and Polymer Photovoltaic Materials. United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201800611
Manley, Eric F., Strzalka, Joseph, Fauvell, Thomas J., Marks, Tobin J., and Chen, Lin X. Fri .
"In Situ Analysis of Solvent and Additive Effects on Film Morphology Evolution in Spin-Cast Small-Molecule and Polymer Photovoltaic Materials". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/aenm.201800611. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1471497.
@article{osti_1471497,
title = {In Situ Analysis of Solvent and Additive Effects on Film Morphology Evolution in Spin-Cast Small-Molecule and Polymer Photovoltaic Materials},
author = {Manley, Eric F. and Strzalka, Joseph and Fauvell, Thomas J. and Marks, Tobin J. and Chen, Lin X.},
abstractNote = {Abstract To elucidate the details of film morphology/order evolution during spin‐coating, solvent and additive effects are systematically investigated for three representative organic solar cell (OSC) active layer materials using combined in situ grazing incidence wide angle x‐ray scattering (GIWAXS) and optical reflectance. Two archetypical semiconducting donor (p‐type) polymers, P3HT and PTB7, and semiconducting donor small‐molecule, p ‐DTS(FBTTh 2 ) 2 are studied using three neat solvents (chloroform, chlorobenzene, 1,2‐dichlorobenzene) and four processing additives (1‐chloronaphthalene, diphenyl ether, 1,8‐diiodooctane, and 1,6‐diiodohexane). In situ GIWAXS identifies several trends: 1) for neat solvents, rapid crystallization occurs that risks kinetically locking the material into multiple crystal structures or crystalline orientations; and 2) for solvent + additive processed films, morphology evolution involves sequential transformations on timescales ranging from seconds to hours, with key divergences dependent on additive/semiconductor molecular interactions. When π‐planes dominate the additive/semiconductor interactions, both polymers and small molecule films follow similar evolutions, completing in 1–5 min. When side chains dominate the additive/semiconductor interactions, polymer film maturation times are up to 9 h, while initial crystallization times <10 s are observed for small‐molecule films. This study offers guiding information on OSC donor intermediate morphologies, evolution timescales, and divergent evolutions that can inform OSC manufacture.},
doi = {10.1002/aenm.201800611},
journal = {Advanced Energy Materials},
number = 23,
volume = 8,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri May 25 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Fri May 25 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 44 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Figures / Tables:
Figure 1: Molecular structures of the organic semiconductors (top), solvents (bottom left), and additives (bottom right) studied in this work. For brevity, p-DTS(FBTTH2)2 is named DTS in the text. Full chemical names are given in the Introduction.
All figures and tables
(15 total)
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Photoinduced degradation from trace 1,8-diiodooctane in organic photovoltaics
journal, January 2018
- Jacobs, Ian E.; Wang, Faustine; Bedolla Valdez, Zaira I.
- Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 6, Issue 2
Comparison of the Morphology Development of Polymer-Fullerene and Polymer-Polymer Solar Cells during Solution-Shearing Blade Coating
journal, August 2016
- Gu, Xiaodan; Yan, Hongping; Kurosawa, Tadanori
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 22
Gaining Further Insight into the Solvent Additive-Driven Crystallization of Bulk-Heterojunction Solar Cells by in Situ X-ray Scattering and Optical Reflectometry
journal, June 2016
- Buss, Felix; Schmidt-Hansberg, Benjamin; Sanyal, Monamie
- Macromolecules, Vol. 49, Issue 13
Effect of Bridging Atom Identity on the Morphological Behavior of Solution-Processed Small Molecule Bulk Heterojunction Photovoltaics
journal, April 2013
- Eisenmenger, Nancy D.; Su, Gregory M.; Welch, Gregory C.
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 25, Issue 9
Realizing over 10% efficiency in polymer solar cell by device optimization
journal, January 2015
- Zhang, Shaoqing; Ye, Long; Zhao, Wenchao
- Science China Chemistry, Vol. 58, Issue 2
Additives for morphology control in high-efficiency organic solar cells
journal, September 2013
- Liao, Hsueh-Chung; Ho, Chun-Chih; Chang, Chun-Yu
- Materials Today, Vol. 16, Issue 9
Removal of Residual Diiodooctane Improves Photostability of High-Performance Organic Solar Cell Polymers
journal, January 2016
- Tremolet de Villers, Bertrand J.; O’Hara, Kathryn A.; Ostrowski, David P.
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 3
Fast Printing and In Situ Morphology Observation of Organic Photovoltaics Using Slot-Die Coating
journal, December 2014
- Liu, Feng; Ferdous, Sunzida; Schaible, Eric
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 5
Morphology Development in Solution-Processed Functional Organic Blend Films: An In Situ Viewpoint
journal, April 2017
- Richter, Lee J.; DeLongchamp, Dean M.; Amassian, Aram
- Chemical Reviews, Vol. 117, Issue 9
Miscibility, Crystallinity, and Phase Development in P3HT/PCBM Solar Cells: Toward an Enlightened Understanding of Device Morphology and Stability
journal, November 2011
- Collins, Brian A.; Tumbleston, John R.; Ade, Harald
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 2, Issue 24
Codependence between Crystalline and Photovoltage Evolutions in P3HT:PCBM Solar Cells Probed with in-Operando GIWAXS
journal, January 2017
- Moseguí González, Daniel; Schaffer, Christoph J.; Pröller, Stephan
- ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, Vol. 9, Issue 4
In Situ Imaging and Height Reconstruction of Phase Separation Processes in Polymer Blends during Spin Coating
journal, May 2011
- Ebbens, Stephen; Hodgkinson, Richard; Parnell, Andrew J.
- ACS Nano, Vol. 5, Issue 6
In Situ GIWAXS Analysis of Solvent and Additive Effects on PTB7 Thin Film Microstructure Evolution during Spin Coating
journal, October 2017
- Manley, Eric F.; Strzalka, Joseph; Fauvell, Thomas J.
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 29, Issue 43
Current methodologies for a sustainable approach to π-conjugated organic semiconductors
journal, January 2016
- Marrocchi, Assunta; Facchetti, Antonio; Lanari, Daniela
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 9, Issue 3
Measuring the Degree of Crystallinity in Semicrystalline Regioregular Poly(3-hexylthiophene)
journal, June 2016
- Shen, Xiaobo; Hu, Weiguo; Russell, Thomas P.
- Macromolecules, Vol. 49, Issue 12
Some unique features of polymer crystallisation
journal, January 2014
- Reiter, Günter
- Chem. Soc. Rev., Vol. 43, Issue 7
Ordering of Poly(3-hexylthiophene) in Solutions and Films: Effects of Fiber Length and Grain Boundaries on Anisotropy and Mobility
journal, May 2016
- Kleinhenz, Nabil; Persson, Nils; Xue, Zongzhe
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 11
Following the Morphology Formation In Situ in Printed Active Layers for Organic Solar Cells
journal, October 2015
- Pröller, Stephan; Liu, Feng; Zhu, Chenhui
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 6, Issue 1
Polyfluorene Derivatives: Effective Conjugation Lengths from Well-Defined Oligomers
journal, March 1998
- Klaerner, G.; Miller, R. D.
- Macromolecules, Vol. 31, Issue 6
Vertical Phase Separation in Small Molecule:Polymer Blend Organic Thin Film Transistors Can Be Dynamically Controlled
journal, February 2016
- Zhao, Kui; Wodo, Olga; Ren, Dingding
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 11
A Quantitative Correlation between the Mobility and Crystallinity of Photo-Cross-Linkable P3HT
journal, March 2012
- Woo, Claire H.; Piliego, Claudia; Holcombe, Thomas W.
- Macromolecules, Vol. 45, Issue 7
P3HT/PCBM Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells: Impact of Blend Composition and 3D Morphology on Device Performance
journal, April 2010
- van Bavel, Svetlana S.; Bärenklau, Maik; de With, Gijsbertus
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 20, Issue 9
Toward Additive-Free Small-Molecule Organic Solar Cells: Roles of the Donor Crystallization Pathway and Dynamics
journal, September 2015
- Abdelsamie, Maged; Treat, Neil D.; Zhao, Kui
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 27, Issue 45
Morphology changes upon scaling a high-efficiency, solution-processed solar cell
journal, January 2016
- Ro, Hyun Wook; Downing, Jonathan M.; Engmann, Sebastian
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 9, Issue 9
Look fast: Crystallization of conjugated molecules during solution shearing probed in-situ and in real time by X-ray scattering
journal, December 2012
- Smilgies, Detlef-M.; Li, Ruipeng; Giri, Gaurav
- physica status solidi (RRL) - Rapid Research Letters, Vol. 7, Issue 3
Highly thermally stable non-fullerene organic solar cells: p-DTS(FBTTh2)2:P(NDI2OD-T2) bulk heterojunction
journal, July 2015
- Kim, Yu Jin; Chung, Dae Sung; Park, Chan Eon
- Nano Energy, Vol. 15
A general relationship between disorder, aggregation and charge transport in conjugated polymers
journal, August 2013
- Noriega, Rodrigo; Rivnay, Jonathan; Vandewal, Koen
- Nature Materials, Vol. 12, Issue 11
When Function Follows Form: Effects of Donor Copolymer Side Chains on Film Morphology and BHJ Solar Cell Performance
journal, November 2010
- Szarko, Jodi M.; Guo, Jianchang; Liang, Yongye
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 22, Issue 48, p. 5468-5472
Polymer semiconductor crystals
journal, May 2010
- Lim, Jung Ah; Liu, Feng; Ferdous, Sunzida
- Materials Today, Vol. 13, Issue 5
Substantial photovoltaic response and morphology tuning in benzo[1,2-b:6,5-b′]dithiophene (bBDT) molecular donors
journal, January 2014
- Harschneck, Tobias; Zhou, Nanjia; Manley, Eric F.
- Chemical Communications, Vol. 50, Issue 31
The dedicated high-resolution grazing-incidence X-ray scattering beamline 8-ID-E at the Advanced Photon Source
journal, June 2012
- Jiang, Zhang; Li, Xuefa; Strzalka, Joseph
- Journal of Synchrotron Radiation, Vol. 19, Issue 4
Roll-to-Roll Printed Large-Area All-Polymer Solar Cells with 5% Efficiency Based on a Low Crystallinity Conjugated Polymer Blend
journal, March 2017
- Gu, Xiaodan; Zhou, Yan; Gu, Kevin
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 7, Issue 14
In Situ Morphology Studies of the Mechanism for Solution Additive Effects on the Formation of Bulk Heterojunction Films
journal, September 2014
- Richter, Lee J.; DeLongchamp, Dean M.; Bokel, Felicia A.
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 3
Experimental evidence that short-range intermolecular aggregation is sufficient for efficient charge transport in conjugated polymers
journal, August 2015
- Wang, Suhao; Fabiano, Simone; Himmelberger, Scott
- Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 112, Issue 34
Recent progress in non-fullerene small molecule acceptors in organic solar cells (OSCs)
journal, January 2017
- Chen, Wangqiao; Zhang, Qichun
- Journal of Materials Chemistry C, Vol. 5, Issue 6
Molecular Order in High-Efficiency Polymer/Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
journal, September 2011
- Hammond, Matthew R.; Kline, R. Joseph; Herzing, Andrew A.
- ACS Nano, Vol. 5, Issue 10
Spin-Cast Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells: A Dynamical Investigation
journal, February 2013
- Chou, Kang Wei; Yan, Buyi; Li, Ruipeng
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 25, Issue 13
Indolo-naphthyridine-6,13-dione Thiophene Building Block for Conjugated Polymer Electronics: Molecular Origin of Ultrahigh n-Type Mobility
journal, November 2016
- Fallon, Kealan J.; Wijeyasinghe, Nilushi; Manley, Eric F.
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 22
In situ click chemistry generation of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors
journal, February 2017
- Bhardwaj, Atul; Kaur, Jatinder; Wuest, Melinda
- Nature Communications, Vol. 8, Issue 1
Effects of Heteroatom Substitutions on the Crystal Structure, Film Formation, and Optoelectronic Properties of Diketopyrrolopyrrole-Based Materials
journal, August 2012
- Liu, Jianhua; Walker, Bright; Tamayo, Arnold
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 1
A real-time study of the benefits of co-solvents in polymer solar cell processing
journal, February 2015
- van Franeker, Jacobus J.; Turbiez, Mathieu; Li, Weiwei
- Nature Communications, Vol. 6, Issue 1
The Active Layer Morphology of Organic Solar Cells Probed with Grazing Incidence Scattering Techniques
journal, February 2014
- Müller-Buschbaum, Peter
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 46
Polymorphism of Crystalline Molecular Donors for Solution-Processed Organic Photovoltaics
journal, July 2014
- van der Poll, Thomas S.; Zhugayevych, Andriy; Chertkov, Eli
- The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters, Vol. 5, Issue 15
25th Anniversary Article: Organic Field-Effect Transistors: The Path Beyond Amorphous Silicon
journal, January 2014
- Sirringhaus, Henning
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 9
Molecular weight effect on surface and bulk structure of poly(3-hexylthiophene) thin films
journal, June 2017
- Matsumoto, Takuya; Nishi, Keishirou; Tamba, Shunsuke
- Polymer, Vol. 119
Quantitative Determination of Organic Semiconductor Microstructure from the Molecular to Device Scale
journal, June 2012
- Rivnay, Jonathan; Mannsfeld, Stefan C. B.; Miller, Chad E.
- Chemical Reviews, Vol. 112, Issue 10
Photophysical and Morphological Implications of Single-Strand Conjugated Polymer Folding in Solution
journal, April 2016
- Fauvell, Thomas J.; Zheng, Tianyue; Jackson, Nicholas E.
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 8
Unconventional Face-On Texture and Exceptional In-Plane Order of a High Mobility n-Type Polymer
journal, July 2010
- Rivnay, Jonathan; Toney, Michael F.; Zheng, Yan
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 22, Issue 39
Improved Performance of Molecular Bulk-Heterojunction Photovoltaic Cells through Predictable Selection of Solvent Additives
journal, July 2012
- Graham, Kenneth R.; Wieruszewski, Patrick M.; Stalder, Romain
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 22, Issue 22
Effects of Solvent Additives on Morphology, Charge Generation, Transport, and Recombination in Solution-Processed Small-Molecule Solar Cells
journal, January 2014
- Kyaw, Aung Ko Ko; Wang, Dong Hwan; Luo, Chan
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 7
Energy-Level Modulation of Small-Molecule Electron Acceptors to Achieve over 12% Efficiency in Polymer Solar Cells
journal, September 2016
- Li, Sunsun; Ye, Long; Zhao, Wenchao
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 42
Effect of interchain interactions on the absorption and emission of poly(3-hexylthiophene)
journal, February 2003
- Brown, Peter J.; Thomas, D. Steve; Köhler, Anna
- Physical Review B, Vol. 67, Issue 6
Fluorination-enabled optimal morphology leads to over 11% efficiency for inverted small-molecule organic solar cells
journal, December 2016
- Deng, Dan; Zhang, Yajie; Zhang, Jianqi
- Nature Communications, Vol. 7, Issue 1
Understanding Low Bandgap Polymer PTB7 and Optimizing Polymer Solar Cells Based on It
journal, March 2014
- Lu, Luyao; Yu, Luping
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 26
Interplay of Solvent Additive Concentration and Active Layer Thickness on the Performance of Small Molecule Solar Cells
journal, September 2014
- Love, John A.; Collins, Samuel D.; Nagao, Ikuhiro
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 43
P3HT/PCBM bulk heterojunction solar cells: Relation between morphology and electro-optical characteristics
journal, September 2006
- Vanlaeke, P.; Swinnen, A.; Haeldermans, I.
- Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol. 90, Issue 14
Charge Transport in Organic Semiconductors
journal, April 2007
- Coropceanu, Veaceslav; Cornil, Jérôme; da Silva Filho, Demetrio A.
- Chemical Reviews, Vol. 107, Issue 4
Molecular Optimization Enables over 13% Efficiency in Organic Solar Cells
journal, May 2017
- Zhao, Wenchao; Li, Sunsun; Yao, Huifeng
- Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 139, Issue 21
Microstructural Characterization and Charge Transport in Thin Films of Conjugated Polymers
journal, July 2010
- Salleo, Alberto; Kline, R. Joseph; DeLongchamp, Dean M.
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 22, Issue 34
Synergistic Impact of Solvent and Polymer Additives on the Film Formation of Small Molecule Blend Films for Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells
journal, July 2015
- McDowell, Caitlin; Abdelsamie, Maged; Zhao, Kui
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 5, Issue 18
A Phase Diagram of the P3HT:PCBM Organic Photovoltaic System: Implications for Device Processing and Performance
journal, April 2011
- Hopkinson, Paul E.; Staniec, Paul A.; Pearson, Andrew J.
- Macromolecules, Vol. 44, Issue 8
Bimolecular Crystals of Fullerenes in Conjugated Polymers and the Implications of Molecular Mixing for Solar Cells
journal, April 2009
- Mayer, A. C.; Toney, Michael F.; Scully, Shawn R.
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 19, Issue 8
Systematic evaluation of structure–property relationships in heteroacene – diketopyrrolopyrrole molecular donors for organic solar cells
journal, January 2017
- Loser, Stephen; Lou, Sylvia J.; Savoie, Brett M.
- Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 5, Issue 19
Film Morphology of High Efficiency Solution-Processed Small-Molecule Solar Cells
journal, May 2013
- Love, John A.; Proctor, Christopher M.; Liu, Jianhua
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 40
In Situ Characterization of Polymer–Fullerene Bilayer Stability
journal, January 2015
- Leman, Deborah; Kelly, Mary Allison; Ness, Stuart
- Macromolecules, Vol. 48, Issue 2
Effect of Processing Additives on the Solidification of Blade-Coated Polymer/Fullerene Blend Films via In-Situ Structure Measurements
journal, April 2013
- Shin, Nayool; Richter, Lee J.; Herzing, Andrew A.
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 7
From Single Chains to Aggregates, How Conjugated Polymers Behave in Dilute Solutions
journal, July 2013
- Wang, Dapeng; Yuan, Yuan; Mardiyati, Yati
- Macromolecules, Vol. 46, Issue 15
Absolute Measurement of Domain Composition and Nanoscale Size Distribution Explains Performance in PTB7:PC 71 BM Solar Cells
journal, October 2012
- Collins, Brian A.; Li, Zhe; Tumbleston, John R.
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 3, Issue 1
Morphology-Performance Relationships in High-Efficiency All-Polymer Solar Cells
journal, October 2013
- Zhou, Nanjia; Lin, Hui; Lou, Sylvia J.
- Advanced Energy Materials, Vol. 4, Issue 3
Morphology characterization in organic and hybrid solar cells
journal, January 2012
- Chen, Wei; Nikiforov, Maxim P.; Darling, Seth B.
- Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 5, Issue 8
Solvent Additive Effects on Small Molecule Crystallization in Bulk Heterojunction Solar Cells Probed During Spin Casting
journal, September 2013
- Perez, Louis A.; Chou, Kang Wei; Love, John A.
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 25, Issue 44
Recent Advances in Bulk Heterojunction Polymer Solar Cells
journal, August 2015
- Lu, Luyao; Zheng, Tianyue; Wu, Qinghe
- Chemical Reviews, Vol. 115, Issue 23
Late stage crystallization and healing during spin-coating enhance carrier transport in small-molecule organic semiconductors
journal, January 2014
- Wei Chou, Kang; Ullah Khan, Hadayat; Niazi, Muhammad R.
- J. Mater. Chem. C, Vol. 2, Issue 28
High open-circuit voltage small-molecule p-DTS(FBTTh 2 ) 2 :ICBA bulk heterojunction solar cells – morphology, excited-state dynamics, and photovoltaic performance
journal, January 2015
- Ko Kyaw, Aung Ko; Gehrig, Dominik; Zhang, Jie
- Journal of Materials Chemistry A, Vol. 3, Issue 4
Heterogeneous Nucleation Promotes Carrier Transport in Solution-Processed Organic Field-Effect Transistors
journal, September 2012
- Li, Ruipeng; Khan, Hadayat Ullah; Payne, Marcia M.
- Advanced Functional Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 3
The future of organic photovoltaics
journal, January 2015
- Mazzio, Katherine A.; Luscombe, Christine K.
- Chemical Society Reviews, Vol. 44, Issue 1
Influence of Bridging Atom and Side Chains on the Structure and Crystallinity of Cyclopentadithiophene–Benzothiadiazole Polymers
journal, December 2013
- Guilbert, Anne A. Y.; Frost, Jarvist M.; Agostinelli, Tiziano
- Chemistry of Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 2
Non-Basic High-Performance Molecules for Solution-Processed Organic Solar Cells
journal, June 2012
- van der Poll, Thomas S.; Love, John A.; Nguyen, Thuc-Quyen
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 24, Issue 27
The case for organic photovoltaics
journal, January 2013
- Darling, Seth B.; You, Fengqi
- RSC Advances, Vol. 3, Issue 39
Fullerene-Free Polymer Solar Cells with over 11% Efficiency and Excellent Thermal Stability
journal, April 2016
- Zhao, Wenchao; Qian, Deping; Zhang, Shaoqing
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 28, Issue 23
High-Molecular-Weight Insulating Polymers Can Improve the Performance of Molecular Solar Cells
journal, April 2014
- Huang, Ye; Wen, Wen; Mukherjee, Subhrangsu
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 26, Issue 24
Organic Thin Film Transistors: Structures, Models, Materials, Fabrication, and Applications: A Review
journal, January 2014
- Kumar, Brijesh; Kaushik, Brajesh Kumar; Negi, Yuvraj Singh
- Polymer Reviews, Vol. 54, Issue 1
Charge Transport in Organic Semiconductors
journal, July 2007
- Coropceanu, Veaceslav; Cornil, Jerome; da Silva Filho, Demetrio A.
- ChemInform, Vol. 38, Issue 29
Indolo-naphthyridine-6,13-dione thiophene building block for conjugated polymer electronics: Molecular origin of ultrahigh n-type mobility
journalarticle, January 2016
- Fallon, Kj; Wijeyasinghe, N.; Manley, Ef
- American Chemical Society (ACS)
Structure and properties of oriented polymers
journal, March 1976
- Williams, G.
- Polymer, Vol. 17, Issue 3
Works referencing / citing this record:
Polymersolarzellen: Fortschritt, Herausforderungen und Perspektiven
journal, March 2019
- Wang, Gang; Melkonyan, Ferdinand S.; Facchetti, Antonio
- Angewandte Chemie, Vol. 131, Issue 13
All-Polymer Solar Cells: Recent Progress, Challenges, and Prospects
journal, February 2019
- Wang, Gang; Melkonyan, Ferdinand S.; Facchetti, Antonio
- Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 58, Issue 13
Building Blocks for High‐Efficiency Organic Photovoltaics: Interplay of Molecular, Crystal, and Electronic Properties in Post‐Fullerene ITIC Ensembles
journal, September 2019
- Swick, Steven M.; Gebraad, Tim; Jones, Leighton
- ChemPhysChem, Vol. 20, Issue 20
Real‐Time Study on Structure Formation and the Intercalation Process of Polymer: Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Thin Films
journal, January 2020
- Kassar, Thaer; Berlinghof, Marvin; Güldal, Nusret Sena
- Solar RRL, Vol. 4, Issue 3
Real‐Time Study on Structure Formation and the Intercalation Process of Polymer: Fullerene Bulk Heterojunction Thin Films
journal, March 2020
- Kassar, Thaer; Berlinghof, Marvin; Güldal, Nusret Sena
- Solar RRL, Vol. 4, Issue 3
Figures / Tables found in this record:
Figures/Tables have been extracted from DOE-funded journal article accepted manuscripts.