Optimization of cathodic arc deposition and pulsed plasma melting techniques for growing smooth superconducting Pb photoemissive films for SRF injectors

Nietubyc, Robert; Lorkiewicz, Jerzy; Sekutowicz, Jacek; Smedley, John; Kosinska, Anna

doi:10.1016/j.nima.2018.02.033

Title: Optimization of cathodic arc deposition and pulsed plasma melting techniques for growing smooth superconducting Pb photoemissive films for SRF injectors

Abstract

Superconducting photoinjectors have the potential to be the optimal solution for moderate and high current cw operating free electron lasers. For this application, a superconducting lead (Pb) cathode has been proposed to simplify the cathode integration into a 1.3 GHz, TESLA-type, 1.6-cell long clean superconducting gun cavity. In the proposed design, a lead film several micrometers thick is deposited onto a niobium plug attached to the cavity back wall. Traditional lead deposition techniques usually produce very non-uniform emission surfaces and/or poor adhesion of the layer. We describe here a pulsed plasma melting procedure reducing the non-uniformity of the lead photocathodes. In order to determine optimal parameters for the plasma procedure, heat transfer from plasma to the film was first modelled to evaluate melting front penetration range and liquid state duration. The procedure was used to prepare a photocathode plug, which was then tested in an electron gun. The quantum efficiency and value of cavity quality factor have been found to satisfy the requirements for an injector for the E-XFEL facility.

Authors:

Nietubyc, Robert ^[1]; Lorkiewicz, Jerzy ^[1]; Sekutowicz, Jacek ^[2]; Smedley, John ^[3]; Kosinska, Anna ^[1]

National Centre for Nuclear Research (NCBJ), Otwock-Swierk (Poland)
Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron (DESY), Hamburg (Germany); SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Publication Date:: 2018-02-14

Research Org.:: SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP); European Commission (EC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1439089

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1440885; OSTI ID: 1548674

Report Number(s):: BNL-205740-2018-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 0168-9002; PII: S0168900218301876; TRN: US1900554

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-76SF00515; 31245; KC0407-ALSJNT-I0013; SC0012704

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 891; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0168-9002

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 42 ENGINEERING; Photocathodes; Pb layers; Cathodic arc; Surface melting; 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; photocathodes; pB layers; cathodic arc; surface melting

Citation Formats


                    Nietubyc, Robert, Lorkiewicz, Jerzy, Sekutowicz, Jacek, Smedley, John, and Kosinska, Anna. Optimization of cathodic arc deposition and pulsed plasma melting techniques for growing smooth superconducting Pb photoemissive films for SRF injectors.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.nima.2018.02.033.

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                    Nietubyc, Robert, Lorkiewicz, Jerzy, Sekutowicz, Jacek, Smedley, John, & Kosinska, Anna. Optimization of cathodic arc deposition and pulsed plasma melting techniques for growing smooth superconducting Pb photoemissive films for SRF injectors.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.02.033

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                    Nietubyc, Robert, Lorkiewicz, Jerzy, Sekutowicz, Jacek, Smedley, John, and Kosinska, Anna. Wed .  
"Optimization of cathodic arc deposition and pulsed plasma melting techniques for growing smooth superconducting Pb photoemissive films for SRF injectors".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nima.2018.02.033.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1439089.

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@article{osti_1439089,

  title        = {Optimization of cathodic arc deposition and pulsed plasma melting techniques for growing smooth superconducting Pb photoemissive films for SRF injectors},

  author       = {Nietubyc, Robert and Lorkiewicz, Jerzy and Sekutowicz, Jacek and Smedley, John and Kosinska, Anna},

  abstractNote = {Superconducting photoinjectors have the potential to be the optimal solution for moderate and high current cw operating free electron lasers. For this application, a superconducting lead (Pb) cathode has been proposed to simplify the cathode integration into a 1.3 GHz, TESLA-type, 1.6-cell long clean superconducting gun cavity. In the proposed design, a lead film several micrometers thick is deposited onto a niobium plug attached to the cavity back wall. Traditional lead deposition techniques usually produce very non-uniform emission surfaces and/or poor adhesion of the layer. We describe here a pulsed plasma melting procedure reducing the non-uniformity of the lead photocathodes. In order to determine optimal parameters for the plasma procedure, heat transfer from plasma to the film was first modelled to evaluate melting front penetration range and liquid state duration. The procedure was used to prepare a photocathode plug, which was then tested in an electron gun. The quantum efficiency and value of cavity quality factor have been found to satisfy the requirements for an injector for the E-XFEL facility.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.nima.2018.02.033},

  journal      = {Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research. Section A, Accelerators, Spectrometers, Detectors and Associated Equipment},

  number       = C,

  volume       = 891,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2018},

  month        = {2}

}

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Cited by: 3 works

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Figures / Tables:

Fig. 1: Geometric configurations of various cathodic arc filtering systems. a.—using a flat slit in a short arc; b.—using a chicane in a short arc; c.—using a knee-like magnetic filter; d.—direct arc deposition. Components: 1.—arc system cathode (Pb); 2.—slit (a) or chicane (b) face and cross section; 3.—target; 4.—coil. Dashedmore »

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