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Title: Deep VLA Observations of the Cluster 1RXS J0603.3+4214 in the Frequency Range of 1–2 GHz

Abstract

Here, we report L-band VLA observations of 1RXS J0603.3+4214, a cluster that hosts a bright radio relic, known as the Toothbrush, and an elongated giant radio halo. These new observations allow us to study the surface brightness distribution down to 1 arcsec resolution with very high sensitivity. Our images provide an unprecedented detailed view of the Toothbrush, revealing enigmatic filamentary structures. To study the spectral index distribution, we complement our analysis with published LOFAR and GMRT observations. The bright "brush" of the Toothbrush shows a prominent narrow ridge to its north with a sharp outer edge. The spectral index at the ridge is in the range –0.70 ≤ α ≤ –0.80. We suggest that the ridge is caused by projection along the line of sight. With a simple toy model for the smallest region of the ridge, we conclude that the magnetic field is below 5 μG and varies significantly across the shock front. Our model indicates that the actual Mach number is higher than that obtained from the injection index and agrees well with the one derived from the overall spectrum, namely $${ \mathcal M }={3.78}_{-0.2}^{+0.3}$$. The radio halo shows an average spectral index of α = –1.16 ± 0.05 and a slight gradient from north to south. The southernmost part of the halo is steeper and possibly related to a shock front. Excluding the southernmost part, the halo morphology agrees very well with the X-ray morphology. A power-law correlation is found between the radio and X-ray surface brightness.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [2];  [3];  [4]; ORCiD logo [2];  [5]; ORCiD logo [6]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [7]; ORCiD logo [4];  [2];  [2];  [8]
  1. Thuringer Landessternwarte, Tautenburg (Germany)
  2. Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA (United States)
  3. Univ. of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN (United States)
  4. Leiden Univ., Leiden (The Netherlands)
  5. Univ. Hamburg, Hamburg (Germany)
  6. The Open Univ., Milton Keynes (United Kingdom)
  7. Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
  8. Yonsei Univ., Seoul (Korea); Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1438766
Report Number(s):
LLNL-JRNL-748250
Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4357; TRN: US1900517
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-07NA27344
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online); Journal Volume: 852; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4357
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; acceleration of particles; galaxies: clusters: individual (1RXS J0603.3 + 4214); galaxies: clusters: intracluster medium; large-scale structure of universe; magnetic fields; radiation mechanisms: non-thermal

Citation Formats

Rajpurohit, K., Hoeft, M., van Weeren, R. J., Rudnick, L., Rottgering, H. J. A., Forman, W. R., Bruggen, M., Croston, J. H., Andrade-Santos, F., Dawson, W. A., Intema, H. T., Kraft, R. P., Jones, C., and Jee, M. James. Deep VLA Observations of the Cluster 1RXS J0603.3+4214 in the Frequency Range of 1–2 GHz. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa9f13.
Rajpurohit, K., Hoeft, M., van Weeren, R. J., Rudnick, L., Rottgering, H. J. A., Forman, W. R., Bruggen, M., Croston, J. H., Andrade-Santos, F., Dawson, W. A., Intema, H. T., Kraft, R. P., Jones, C., & Jee, M. James. Deep VLA Observations of the Cluster 1RXS J0603.3+4214 in the Frequency Range of 1–2 GHz. United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa9f13
Rajpurohit, K., Hoeft, M., van Weeren, R. J., Rudnick, L., Rottgering, H. J. A., Forman, W. R., Bruggen, M., Croston, J. H., Andrade-Santos, F., Dawson, W. A., Intema, H. T., Kraft, R. P., Jones, C., and Jee, M. James. Mon . "Deep VLA Observations of the Cluster 1RXS J0603.3+4214 in the Frequency Range of 1–2 GHz". United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa9f13. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1438766.
@article{osti_1438766,
title = {Deep VLA Observations of the Cluster 1RXS J0603.3+4214 in the Frequency Range of 1–2 GHz},
author = {Rajpurohit, K. and Hoeft, M. and van Weeren, R. J. and Rudnick, L. and Rottgering, H. J. A. and Forman, W. R. and Bruggen, M. and Croston, J. H. and Andrade-Santos, F. and Dawson, W. A. and Intema, H. T. and Kraft, R. P. and Jones, C. and Jee, M. James},
abstractNote = {Here, we report L-band VLA observations of 1RXS J0603.3+4214, a cluster that hosts a bright radio relic, known as the Toothbrush, and an elongated giant radio halo. These new observations allow us to study the surface brightness distribution down to 1 arcsec resolution with very high sensitivity. Our images provide an unprecedented detailed view of the Toothbrush, revealing enigmatic filamentary structures. To study the spectral index distribution, we complement our analysis with published LOFAR and GMRT observations. The bright "brush" of the Toothbrush shows a prominent narrow ridge to its north with a sharp outer edge. The spectral index at the ridge is in the range –0.70 ≤ α ≤ –0.80. We suggest that the ridge is caused by projection along the line of sight. With a simple toy model for the smallest region of the ridge, we conclude that the magnetic field is below 5 μG and varies significantly across the shock front. Our model indicates that the actual Mach number is higher than that obtained from the injection index and agrees well with the one derived from the overall spectrum, namely ${ \mathcal M }={3.78}_{-0.2}^{+0.3}$. The radio halo shows an average spectral index of α = –1.16 ± 0.05 and a slight gradient from north to south. The southernmost part of the halo is steeper and possibly related to a shock front. Excluding the southernmost part, the halo morphology agrees very well with the X-ray morphology. A power-law correlation is found between the radio and X-ray surface brightness.},
doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/aa9f13},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal (Online)},
number = 2,
volume = 852,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Jan 08 00:00:00 EST 2018},
month = {Mon Jan 08 00:00:00 EST 2018}
}

Journal Article:
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Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 46 works
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Figures / Tables:

TABLE 1 TABLE 1 : VLA L-band observations overview

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text, January 2008


The non-coplanar baselines effect in radio interferometry: The W-Projection algorithm
text, January 2008


Particle Acceleration on Megaparsec Scales in a Merging Galaxy Cluster
text, January 2010


Clusters of galaxies : observational properties of the diffuse radio emission
text, January 2012


First LOFAR observations at very low frequencies of cluster-scale non-thermal emission: the case of Abell 2256
text, January 2012


Low frequency follow up of radio halos and relics in the GMRT Radio Halo Cluster Survey
text, January 2012


An Accurate Flux Density Scale from 1 to 50 GHz
text, January 2012


Giant radio relics in galaxy clusters: reacceleration of fossil relativistic electrons?
text, January 2013


Challenges to our understanding of radio relics: X-ray observations of the Toothbrush cluster
text, January 2013


Discovery of spectral curvature in the shock downstream region: CIZA J2242.8+5301
text, January 2013


Revisiting scaling relations for giant radio halos in galaxy clusters
text, January 2013


Deep radio observations of the radio halo of the bullet cluster 1E 0657-55.8
text, January 2014


The widest-frequency radio relic spectra: observations from 150 MHz to 30 GHz
text, January 2015


LOFAR, VLA, and Chandra observations of the Toothbrush galaxy cluster
text, January 2016


Advective and diffusive cosmic ray transport in galactic haloes
text, January 2016


A shock front at the radio relic of Abell 2744
text, January 2016


A $\mathcal{M}\gtrsim3$ shock in `El Gordo' cluster and the origin of the radio relic
text, January 2016


Relics in galaxy clusters at high radio frequencies
text, January 2016


The Case for Electron Re-Acceleration at Galaxy Cluster Shocks
text, January 2017


Deep LOFAR observations of the merging galaxy cluster CIZA J2242.8+5301
text, January 2017


VLA Radio Observations of the HST Frontier Fields Cluster Abell 2744: The Discovery of New Radio Relics
text, January 2017


The giant radio halo in Abell 2163
text, January 2001


Magnetic Field in Clusters of Galaxies
text, January 2004


Properties and Spectral Behaviour of Cluster Radio Halos
text, January 2004


Low-Frequency study of two clusters of galaxies: A2744 and A2219
text, January 2007


A Cluster Merger and the Origin of the Extended Radio Emission in Abell 3667
text, January 1999


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