Zinc-Nucleated D2 and H2 Crystal Formation from Their Liquids

doi:10.13182/FST15-223

Title: Zinc-Nucleated D ₂ and H ₂ Crystal Formation from Their Liquids

Full Record
Other Related Research

Abstract

Calorimetric measurements at University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics of D ₂ crystallization from the melt indicate that zinc can act as a heterogeneous nucleation seed with suppressed supercooling. We further studied in this paper this effect for a variety of zinc substrates using the optical-access cryogenic sample cell at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Small supercoolings are observed, some as low as 5 mK, but results depend on the zinc history and sample preparation. In general, thin samples prepared by physical vapor deposition were not effective in nucleating crystal formation. Larger (several-millimeter) granules showed greater supercooling suppression, depending on surface modification and granule size. Surfaces of these granules are morphologically varied and not uniform. Scanning electron microscope images were not able to correlate any particular surface feature with enhanced nucleation. Finally, application of classical nucleation theory to the observed variation of supercooling level with granule size is consistent with nucleation features with sizes <100 nm and with wetting angles of a few degrees.

Authors:

Bernat, T. P. ^[1]; Petta, N. ^[1]; Kozioziemski, B. ^[2]; Shin, S. J. ^[2]; Harding, D. R. ^[3]

Schafer Livermore Lab., Livermore, CA (United States)
Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
Univ. of Rochester, NY (United States). Lab. for Laser Energetics

Publication Date:: 2016-09-01

Research Org.:: Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States); Schafer Livermore Lab., Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

OSTI Identifier:: 1438674

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-737464
Journal ID: ISSN 1536-1055; TRN: US1900481

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344; NA0001369

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Fusion Science and Technology

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 70; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1536-1055

Publisher:: American Nuclear Society

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; cryogenic hydrogen; crystal formation; zinc substrates

Citation Formats


                    Bernat, T. P., Petta, N., Kozioziemski, B., Shin, S. J., and Harding, D. R. Zinc-Nucleated D2 and H2 Crystal Formation from Their Liquids.  United States: N. p., 2016. 
        Web.  doi:10.13182/FST15-223.

Copy to clipboard


                    Bernat, T. P., Petta, N., Kozioziemski, B., Shin, S. J., & Harding, D. R. Zinc-Nucleated D2 and H2 Crystal Formation from Their Liquids.  United States.  doi:10.13182/FST15-223.

Copy to clipboard


                    Bernat, T. P., Petta, N., Kozioziemski, B., Shin, S. J., and Harding, D. R. Thu .  
        "Zinc-Nucleated D2 and H2 Crystal Formation from Their Liquids".  United States.  doi:10.13182/FST15-223.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1438674.

Copy to clipboard


                    
@article{osti_1438674,

  title        = {Zinc-Nucleated D2 and H2 Crystal Formation from Their Liquids},

  author       = {Bernat, T. P. and Petta, N. and Kozioziemski, B. and Shin, S. J. and Harding, D. R.},

  abstractNote = {Calorimetric measurements at University of Rochester Laboratory for Laser Energetics of D2 crystallization from the melt indicate that zinc can act as a heterogeneous nucleation seed with suppressed supercooling. We further studied in this paper this effect for a variety of zinc substrates using the optical-access cryogenic sample cell at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory. Small supercoolings are observed, some as low as 5 mK, but results depend on the zinc history and sample preparation. In general, thin samples prepared by physical vapor deposition were not effective in nucleating crystal formation. Larger (several-millimeter) granules showed greater supercooling suppression, depending on surface modification and granule size. Surfaces of these granules are morphologically varied and not uniform. Scanning electron microscope images were not able to correlate any particular surface feature with enhanced nucleation. Finally, application of classical nucleation theory to the observed variation of supercooling level with granule size is consistent with nucleation features with sizes <100 nm and with wetting angles of a few degrees.},

  doi          = {10.13182/FST15-223},

  journal      = {Fusion Science and Technology},

  number       = 2,

  volume       = 70,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2016},

  month        = {9}

}

Copy to clipboard

Journal Article:

Free Publicly Available Full Text

Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Publisher's Version of Record

DOI: 10.13182/FST15-223

Other availability

Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal

Citation Metrics:

Cited by: 3 works

Citation information provided by
Web of Science

Save / Share:

Export Metadata

Save to My Library

Similar Records in DOE PAGES and OSTI.GOV collections:

Vapor pressure isotope effects in the benzene (B) --cyclohexane (C) system from 5 to 80 /sup 0/C. I. The pure liquids B-d/sub 0/,B-d/sub 1/,ortho-,meta-, and para-B-d/sub 2/, B-d/sub 6/,C-d/sub 0/, and C-d/sub 12/. II. Excess free energies and isotope effects on excess free energies in the solutions B-h/sub 6//B-d/sub 6/, C-h/sub 12//C-d/sub 12/, B-h/sub 6//C-h/sub 12/, B-d/sub 6//C-h/sub 12/, and B-h/sub 6//C-d/sub 12/

Journal Article Jakli, G. ; Tzias, P. ; Van Hook, W.A. - J. Chem. Phys.; (United States)

High precision measurements of the vapor pressure differences between some deuterated benzenes B-d/sub x/ (x=1, para-2, and 6) and protio benzene B-d/sub 0/; between para- and ortho-, and para- and meta-dideuterobenzene; and between perdeuterocyclohexane C-d/sub 12/ and protiocyclohexane C-d/sub 0/ were made from near the freezing point to the normal boiling point. The data are best represented as the logarithmic ratios ln R (d/sub 6/) =ln (P/sub d/0/P/sub d/6) =1226.5/T/sup 2/-12.178/T, ln R (para/ortho) =ln (P/sub parahyphend/2/P/sub orthohyphend/2) =2.6/T/sup 2/, and ln R (para/meta) =ln (P/sub parahyphend/2/P/sub metahyphend/2) =-2.0/T/sup 2/, together with the deviations from the law of the meanmore »« less
Nanoparticle Nucleation Is Termolecular in Metal and Involves Hydrogen: Evidence for a Kinetically Effective Nucleus of Three {Ir ₃ H _2x ·P ₂ W ₁₅ Nb ₃ O ₆₂ } ^6– in Ir(0) _n Nanoparticle Formation From [(1,5-COD)Ir ^I ·P ₂ W ₁₅ Nb ₃ O ₆₂ ] ^8– Plus Dihydrogen

Journal Article Özkar, Saim ; Finke, Richard G. - Journal of the American Chemical Society

The nucleation process yielding Ir(0) _~300 nanoparticles from (Bu ₄N) ₅Na3[(1,5-COD)Ir·P ₂W ₁₅Nb ₃O ₆₂] (abbreviated hereafter as (COD)Ir·POM ^8-, where POM ^9- = the polyoxometalate, P ₂W ₁₅Nb ₃O ₆₂ ^9-) under H ₂ is investigated to learn the true molecularity, and hence the associated kinetically effective nucleus (KEN), for nanoparticle formation for the first time. Recent work with this prototype transition-metal nanoparticle formation system ( J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2014, 136, 17601 - 17615) revealed that nucleation in this system is an apparent second-order in the precatalyst, A = (COD)Ir·POM ^8-, not the higher order implied by classicmore »« less
Cited by 9
DOI: 10.1021/jacs.7b00958

Full Text Available
Oxidation and Condensation of Zinc Fume From Zn-CO ₂-CO-H ₂O Streams Relevant to Steelmaking Off-Gas Systems

Journal Article Bronson, Tyler Mark ; Ma, Naiyang ; Zhu, Liang Zhu ; ... - Metallurgical and Materials Transactions. B, Process Metallurgy and Materials Processing Science

Here the objective of this research was to study the condensation of zinc vapor to metallic zinc and zinc oxide solid under varying environments to investigate the feasibility of in-process separation of zinc from steelmaking off-gas dusts. Water vapor content, temperature, degree of cooling, gas composition, and initial zinc partial pressure were varied to simulate the possible conditions that can occur within steelmaking off-gas systems, limited to Zn-CO ₂-CO-H ₂O gas compositions. The temperature of deposition and the effect of rapidly quenching the gas were specifically studied. A homogeneous nucleation model for applicable experiments was applied to the analysis of the experimental data. It was determined that under the experimental conditions, oxidation of zinc vapor by H ₂O or CO ₂ does not occur above 1108 K (835 °C) even for highly oxidizing streams (CO ₂/CO = 40/7). Rate expressions that correlate CO ₂ and H ₂O oxidation rates to gas composition, partial pressure of water vapor, temperature, and zinc partial pressure were determined to be as follows: Ratemore »« less
Cited by 1
DOI: 10.1007/s11663-016-0910-8

Full Text Available
Enthalpy of Formation of C ₂H ₂O ₄ (Oxalic Acid) from High-Level Calculations and the Active Thermochemical Tables Approach

Journal Article Feller, David ; Bross, David H. ; Ruscic, Branko - Journal of Physical Chemistry. A, Molecules, Spectroscopy, Kinetics, Environment, and General Theory

High-level coupled cluster calculations obtained with the Feller–Peterson–Dixon (FPD) approach and new data from the most recent version of the Active Thermochemical Tables (ATcT) are used to reassess the enthalpy of formation of gas-phase C ₂H ₂O ₄ (oxalic acid). The theoretical value was further calibrated by comparing FPD and ATcT gas-phase enthalpies of formation for H ₂CO (formaldehyde) and the two low-lying conformations of C ₂H ₄O ₂ ( syn and anti acetic acid). The FPD approach produces a theoretical enthalpy of formation of gas-phase oxalic acid of –732.2 ± 4.0 kJ/mol at 298.15 K (–721.8 ± 4.0 kJ/molmore »« less
DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpca.8b12329
Synthesis and characterization of zinc and cadmium compounds with arenephosphinothiol ligands. Crystal and molecular structures of [Cd{sub 2}{l{underscore}brace}2-(Ph{sub 2}PO)C{sub 6}H{sub 4}S{r{underscore}brace}{sub 4}], [Zn{l{underscore}brace}2-(Ph{sub 2}P)-6-(Me{sub 3}Si)C{sub 6}H{sub 3}S{r{underscore}brace}{sub 2}], [Cd{l{underscore}brace}2-(Ph{sub 2}PO)-6-(Me{sub 3}Si)C{sub 6}H{sub 3}S{r{underscore}brace}{sub 2}(CH{sub 3}OH)], and [Zn{l{underscore}brace}PhPO(C{sub 6}H{sub 4}S-2){sub 2}{r{underscore}brace}(bipy)]

Journal Article Perez-Lourido, P. ; Romero, J. ; Garcia-Vazquez, J.A. ; ... - Inorganic Chemistry

The electrochemical oxidation of a metallic anode (zinc or cadmium) in an acetonitrile solution of a series of arenephosphinothiol ligands, 2-(Ph{sub 2}P)C{sub 6}H{sub 4}SH, 2-(Ph{sub 2}P)-6-(Me{sub 3}Si)C{sub 6}H{sub 3}SH, 2-(Ph{sub 2}PO)-6-(Me{sub 3}Si)C{sub 6}H{sub 3}SH, and PhP-(C{sub 6}H{sub 4}SH-2){sub 2} [abbreviated RP-(SH){sub x}, x = 1 or 2], affords [M(RP-S){sub 2}] and [M(RP-S{sub 2})], M = Zn, Cd. Adducts of several of these compounds with 1,10-phenanthroline and 2,2{prime}-bipyridine have also been obtained by addition of these coligands to the electrolysis phase. The compounds obtained have been characterized by microanalysis, IR, UV-visible, FAB spectrometry and {sup 1}H, {sup 31}P NMR spectroscopic studies.more »« less
DOI: 10.1021/ic981405b

Similar Records

Title: Zinc-Nucleated D 2 and H 2 Crystal Formation from Their Liquids

Abstract

Citation Formats

Title: Zinc-Nucleated D ₂ and H ₂ Crystal Formation from Their Liquids