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Title: Simultaneous Operando Measurements of the Local Temperature, State of Charge, and Strain inside a Commercial Lithium-Ion Battery Pouch Cell

Abstract

A high energy X-ray diffraction technique is employed in a new way to make operando through-thickness measurements inside a large format commercial Li-ion pouch cell. The technique, which has a sub-mm in-plane spatial resolution, simultaneously determines the local temperature, the local state of charge of both electrodes (as opposed to the global average state of charge determined electrochemically), and the local in-plane elastic strain in the current collectors, all without embedding any intrusive sensors that alter battery behavior. As both thermal strain and mechanical strain develop during the charge-discharge cycling of the pouch cell, a novel approach developed herein makes it possible to separate them, allowing for measurement of the local temperature inside the battery. The operando experiment reveals that the temperature inside the cell is substantially higher than the external temperature. We propose that mechanical strain is due primarily to load transfer from the electrode to the current collector during lithiation, allowing determination of the local binder. Detailed local SOC mapping illustrates non-uniform degradation of the battery pouch cell. The possibility for 3D measurements is proposed. We believe that this new approach can provide critically needed data for validation of detailed models of processes inside commercial pouch cells.

Authors:
; ORCiD logo; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Sustainable Transportation Office. Vehicle Technologies Office (VTO); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
OSTI Identifier:
1438509
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1480825; OSTI ID: 1490700; OSTI ID: 1907244
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC05-00OR22725; AC02-06CH11357
Resource Type:
Published Article
Journal Name:
Journal of the Electrochemical Society
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Journal of the Electrochemical Society Journal Volume: 165 Journal Issue: 7; Journal ID: ISSN 0013-4651
Publisher:
The Electrochemical Society
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
25 ENERGY STORAGE; commercial lithium-ion battery; internal temperature and strain; simultaneous operando measurements

Citation Formats

Yu, Xinghua, Feng, Zhili, Ren, Yang, Henn, Daniel, Wu, Zhenggang, An, Ke, Wu, Bi, Fau, Christian, Li, Chen, and Harris, Stephen J. Simultaneous Operando Measurements of the Local Temperature, State of Charge, and Strain inside a Commercial Lithium-Ion Battery Pouch Cell. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1149/2.1251807jes.
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Yu, Xinghua, Feng, Zhili, Ren, Yang, Henn, Daniel, Wu, Zhenggang, An, Ke, Wu, Bi, Fau, Christian, Li, Chen, & Harris, Stephen J. Simultaneous Operando Measurements of the Local Temperature, State of Charge, and Strain inside a Commercial Lithium-Ion Battery Pouch Cell. United States. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1251807jes
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Yu, Xinghua, Feng, Zhili, Ren, Yang, Henn, Daniel, Wu, Zhenggang, An, Ke, Wu, Bi, Fau, Christian, Li, Chen, and Harris, Stephen J. Thu . "Simultaneous Operando Measurements of the Local Temperature, State of Charge, and Strain inside a Commercial Lithium-Ion Battery Pouch Cell". United States. https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1251807jes.
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@article{osti_1438509,
title = {Simultaneous Operando Measurements of the Local Temperature, State of Charge, and Strain inside a Commercial Lithium-Ion Battery Pouch Cell},
author = {Yu, Xinghua and Feng, Zhili and Ren, Yang and Henn, Daniel and Wu, Zhenggang and An, Ke and Wu, Bi and Fau, Christian and Li, Chen and Harris, Stephen J.},
abstractNote = {A high energy X-ray diffraction technique is employed in a new way to make operando through-thickness measurements inside a large format commercial Li-ion pouch cell. The technique, which has a sub-mm in-plane spatial resolution, simultaneously determines the local temperature, the local state of charge of both electrodes (as opposed to the global average state of charge determined electrochemically), and the local in-plane elastic strain in the current collectors, all without embedding any intrusive sensors that alter battery behavior. As both thermal strain and mechanical strain develop during the charge-discharge cycling of the pouch cell, a novel approach developed herein makes it possible to separate them, allowing for measurement of the local temperature inside the battery. The operando experiment reveals that the temperature inside the cell is substantially higher than the external temperature. We propose that mechanical strain is due primarily to load transfer from the electrode to the current collector during lithiation, allowing determination of the local binder. Detailed local SOC mapping illustrates non-uniform degradation of the battery pouch cell. The possibility for 3D measurements is proposed. We believe that this new approach can provide critically needed data for validation of detailed models of processes inside commercial pouch cells.},
doi = {10.1149/2.1251807jes},
journal = {Journal of the Electrochemical Society},
number = 7,
volume = 165,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu May 17 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Thu May 17 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
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Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1251807jes
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Cited by: 32 works
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Figures / Tables:

Figure 1 Figure 1: Operando synchrotron experimental setup, with insert showing the battery before sandwitched between two aluminum blocks for temperature control.
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