The pressure distribution inside the proton
Abstract
Here, the proton, one of the components of atomic nuclei, is composed of fundamental particles called quarks and gluons. Gluons are the carriers of the force that binds quarks together, and free quarks are never found in isolation—that is, they are confined within the composite particles in which they reside. The origin of quark confinement is one of the most important questions in modern particle and nuclear physics because confinement is at the core of what makes the proton a stable particle and thus provides stability to the Universe. The internal quark structure of the proton is revealed by deeply virtual Compton scattering, a process in which electrons are scattered off quarks inside the protons, which subsequently emit high-energy photons, which are detected in coincidence with the scattered electrons and recoil protons. Here we report a measurement of the pressure distribution experienced by the quarks in the proton. We find a strong repulsive pressure near the centre of the proton (up to 0.6 femtometres) and a binding pressure at greater distances. The average peak pressure near the centre is about 1035 pascals, which exceeds the pressure estimated for the most densely packed known objects in the Universe, neutron stars. Thismore »
- Authors:
-
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1438388
- Report Number(s):
- JLAB-PHY-17-2536; DOE/OR/23177-4198
Journal ID: ISSN 0028-0836; PII: 60; TRN: US1900430
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-06OR23177
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Nature (London)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Nature (London); Journal Volume: 557; Journal Issue: 7705; Journal ID: ISSN 0028-0836
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing Group
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 74 ATOMIC AND MOLECULAR PHYSICS
Citation Formats
Burkert, V. D., Elouadrhiri, L., and Girod, F. X. The pressure distribution inside the proton. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1038/s41586-018-0060-z.
Burkert, V. D., Elouadrhiri, L., & Girod, F. X. The pressure distribution inside the proton. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0060-z
Burkert, V. D., Elouadrhiri, L., and Girod, F. X. Wed .
"The pressure distribution inside the proton". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-018-0060-z. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1438388.
@article{osti_1438388,
title = {The pressure distribution inside the proton},
author = {Burkert, V. D. and Elouadrhiri, L. and Girod, F. X.},
abstractNote = {Here, the proton, one of the components of atomic nuclei, is composed of fundamental particles called quarks and gluons. Gluons are the carriers of the force that binds quarks together, and free quarks are never found in isolation—that is, they are confined within the composite particles in which they reside. The origin of quark confinement is one of the most important questions in modern particle and nuclear physics because confinement is at the core of what makes the proton a stable particle and thus provides stability to the Universe. The internal quark structure of the proton is revealed by deeply virtual Compton scattering, a process in which electrons are scattered off quarks inside the protons, which subsequently emit high-energy photons, which are detected in coincidence with the scattered electrons and recoil protons. Here we report a measurement of the pressure distribution experienced by the quarks in the proton. We find a strong repulsive pressure near the centre of the proton (up to 0.6 femtometres) and a binding pressure at greater distances. The average peak pressure near the centre is about 1035 pascals, which exceeds the pressure estimated for the most densely packed known objects in the Universe, neutron stars. This work opens up a new area of research on the fundamental gravitational properties of protons, neutrons and nuclei, which can provide access to their physical radii, the internal shear forces acting on the quarks and their pressure distributions.},
doi = {10.1038/s41586-018-0060-z},
journal = {Nature (London)},
number = 7705,
volume = 557,
place = {United States},
year = {2018},
month = {5}
}
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Figures / Tables:
FIG. 1: The radial pressure distribution in the proton. The graph shows the pressure distribution r2p(r) resulting from the interactions of the quarks in the proton versus the radial distance from the center in femtometer. The black central line corresponds to the pressure extracted from the D-term parameters fitted tomore »
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