Off-equilibrium infrared structure of self-interacting scalar fields: Universal scaling, vortex-antivortex superfluid dynamics, and Bose-Einstein condensation
Abstract
Here, we map the infrared dynamics of a relativistic single-component (N=1) interacting scalar field theory to that of nonrelativistic complex scalar fields. The Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation, describing the real-time dynamics of single-component ultracold Bose gases, is obtained at first nontrivial order in an expansion proportional to the powers of λΦ2/m2 where λ, Φ, and m are the coupling constant, the scalar field, and the particle mass respectively. Our analytical studies are corroborated by numerical simulations of the spatial and momentum structure of overoccupied scalar fields in (2+1)-dimensions. Universal scaling of infrared modes, vortex-antivortex superfluid dynamics, and the off-equilibrium formation of a Bose-Einstein condensate are observed. Our results for the universal scaling exponents are in agreement with those extracted in the numerical simulations of the GP equation. As in these simulations, we observe coarsening phase kinetics in the Bose superfluid with strongly anomalous scaling exponents relative to that of vertex resummed kinetic theory. Our relativistic field theory framework further allows one to study more closely the coupling between superfluid and normal fluid modes, specifically the turbulent momentum and spatial structure of the coupling between a quasiparticle cascade to the infrared and an energy cascade to the ultraviolet. We outline possible applicationsmore »
- Authors:
-
- Shandong Univ., Shandong (China)
- Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States)
- Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
- Univ. of Science and Technology of China, Anhui (China)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1462431
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1436897
- Report Number(s):
- BNL-207870-2018-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9926; PLRAAN; TRN: US1902173
- Grant/Contract Number:
- SC0012704; FG02-97ER41014
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review A
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 97; Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9926
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS
Citation Formats
Deng, Jian, Schlichting, Soeren, Venugopalan, Raju, and Wang, Qun. Off-equilibrium infrared structure of self-interacting scalar fields: Universal scaling, vortex-antivortex superfluid dynamics, and Bose-Einstein condensation. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevA.97.053606.
Deng, Jian, Schlichting, Soeren, Venugopalan, Raju, & Wang, Qun. Off-equilibrium infrared structure of self-interacting scalar fields: Universal scaling, vortex-antivortex superfluid dynamics, and Bose-Einstein condensation. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.97.053606
Deng, Jian, Schlichting, Soeren, Venugopalan, Raju, and Wang, Qun. Fri .
"Off-equilibrium infrared structure of self-interacting scalar fields: Universal scaling, vortex-antivortex superfluid dynamics, and Bose-Einstein condensation". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevA.97.053606. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1462431.
@article{osti_1462431,
title = {Off-equilibrium infrared structure of self-interacting scalar fields: Universal scaling, vortex-antivortex superfluid dynamics, and Bose-Einstein condensation},
author = {Deng, Jian and Schlichting, Soeren and Venugopalan, Raju and Wang, Qun},
abstractNote = {Here, we map the infrared dynamics of a relativistic single-component (N=1) interacting scalar field theory to that of nonrelativistic complex scalar fields. The Gross-Pitaevskii (GP) equation, describing the real-time dynamics of single-component ultracold Bose gases, is obtained at first nontrivial order in an expansion proportional to the powers of λΦ2/m2 where λ, Φ, and m are the coupling constant, the scalar field, and the particle mass respectively. Our analytical studies are corroborated by numerical simulations of the spatial and momentum structure of overoccupied scalar fields in (2+1)-dimensions. Universal scaling of infrared modes, vortex-antivortex superfluid dynamics, and the off-equilibrium formation of a Bose-Einstein condensate are observed. Our results for the universal scaling exponents are in agreement with those extracted in the numerical simulations of the GP equation. As in these simulations, we observe coarsening phase kinetics in the Bose superfluid with strongly anomalous scaling exponents relative to that of vertex resummed kinetic theory. Our relativistic field theory framework further allows one to study more closely the coupling between superfluid and normal fluid modes, specifically the turbulent momentum and spatial structure of the coupling between a quasiparticle cascade to the infrared and an energy cascade to the ultraviolet. We outline possible applications of the formalism to the dynamics of vortex-antivortex formation and to the off-equilibrium dynamics of the strongly interacting matter formed in heavy-ion collisions.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevA.97.053606},
journal = {Physical Review A},
number = 5,
volume = 97,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri May 11 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Fri May 11 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 18 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Turbulent thermalization process in heavy-ion collisions at ultrarelativistic energies
journal, April 2014
- Berges, J.; Boguslavski, K.; Schlichting, S.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 89, Issue 7
Theory of phase-ordering kinetics
journal, June 1994
- Bray, A. J.
- Advances in Physics, Vol. 43, Issue 3
Strongly anomalous non-thermal fixed point in a quenched two-dimensional Bose gas
journal, September 2017
- Karl, Markus; Gasenzer, Thomas
- New Journal of Physics, Vol. 19, Issue 9
Kolmogorov Spectra of Turbulence I: Wave Turbulence
book, January 1992
- Zakharov, Vladimir E.; L’vov, Victor S.; Falkovich, Gregory
- Springer Series in Nonlinear Dynamics
Global polarization measurement in Au+Au collisions
journal, August 2007
- Abelev, B. I.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 76, Issue 2
Dynamic critical phenomena from spectral functions on the lattice
journal, June 2010
- Berges, Jürgen; Schlichting, Sören; Sexty, Dénes
- Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 832, Issue 1-2
Do dark matter axions form a condensate with long-range correlation?
journal, November 2015
- Guth, Alan H.; Hertzberg, Mark P.; Prescod-Weinstein, C.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 92, Issue 10
Spontaneous vortices in the formation of Bose–Einstein condensates
journal, October 2008
- Weiler, Chad N.; Neely, Tyler W.; Scherer, David R.
- Nature, Vol. 455, Issue 7215
Global Λ hyperon polarization in nuclear collisions
journal, August 2017
- ,
- Nature, Vol. 548, Issue 7665, p. 62-65
Universality Far from Equilibrium: From Superfluid Bose Gases to Heavy-Ion Collisions
journal, February 2015
- Berges, J.; Boguslavski, K.; Schlichting, S.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 6
Nonthermal fixed points, vortex statistics, and superfluid turbulence in an ultracold Bose gas
journal, April 2012
- Nowak, Boris; Schole, Jan; Sexty, Dénes
- Physical Review A, Vol. 85, Issue 4
Nonrelativistic effective field theory for axions
journal, October 2016
- Braaten, Eric; Mohapatra, Abhishek; Zhang, Hong
- Physical Review D, Vol. 94, Issue 7
Polarization of massive fermions in a vortical fluid
journal, August 2016
- Fang, Ren-hong; Pang, Long-gang; Wang, Qun
- Physical Review C, Vol. 94, Issue 2
Nonequilibrium fixed points in longitudinally expanding scalar theories: Infrared cascade, Bose condensation, and a challenge for kinetic theory
journal, November 2015
- Berges, J.; Boguslavski, K.; Schlichting, S.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 92, Issue 9
Basin of attraction for turbulent thermalization and the range of validity of classical-statistical simulations
journal, May 2014
- Berges, J.; Boguslavski, K.; Schlichting, S.
- Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2014, Issue 5
Overpopulated gauge fields on the lattice
journal, October 2012
- Berges, Jürgen; Schlichting, Sören; Sexty, Dénes
- Physical Review D, Vol. 86, Issue 7
From a complex scalar field to the two-fluid picture of superfluidity
journal, March 2013
- Alford, Mark G.; Mallavarapu, S. Kumar; Schmitt, Andreas
- Physical Review D, Vol. 87, Issue 6
Critical dynamics of a two-dimensional superfluid near a nonthermal fixed point
journal, July 2012
- Schole, Jan; Nowak, Boris; Gasenzer, Thomas
- Physical Review A, Vol. 86, Issue 1
Global hyperon polarization at local thermodynamic equilibrium with vorticity, magnetic field, and feed-down
journal, May 2017
- Becattini, Francesco; Karpenko, Iurii; Lisa, Michael Annan
- Physical Review C, Vol. 95, Issue 5
Charge separation in reheating after cosmological inflation
journal, April 2012
- Gasenzer, Thomas; Nowak, Boris; Sexty, Dénes
- Physics Letters B, Vol. 710, Issue 4-5
Strong versus weak wave-turbulence in relativistic field theory
journal, April 2011
- Berges, Jürgen; Sexty, Dénes
- Physical Review D, Vol. 83, Issue 8
Universal Off-Equilibrium Scaling of Critical Cumulants in the QCD Phase Diagram
journal, November 2016
- Mukherjee, Swagato; Venugopalan, Raju; Yin, Yi
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 22
Ultraviolet cascade in classical Yang-Mills theory
journal, September 2012
- Kurkela, Aleksi; Moore, Guy D.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 86, Issue 5
Slowing out of equilibrium near the QCD critical point
journal, April 2000
- Berdnikov, Boris; Rajagopal, Krishna
- Physical Review D, Vol. 61, Issue 10
Global and local spin polarization in heavy ion collisions: a brief overview
journal, November 2017
- Wang, Qun
- Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 967
Hamiltonian approach to the description of non-linear plasma phenomena
journal, December 1985
- Zakharov, V. E.; Musher, S. L.; Rubenchik, A. M.
- Physics Reports, Vol. 129, Issue 5
Classical Decay of the Inflaton
journal, July 1996
- Khlebnikov, S. Yu.; Tkachev, I. I.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 77, Issue 2
Structure of a quantized vortex in boson systems
journal, May 1961
- Gross, E. P.
- Il Nuovo Cimento, Vol. 20, Issue 3
Color superconductivity and chiral symmetry restoration at non-zero baryon density and temperature
journal, January 1999
- Berges, Jürgen; Rajagopal, Krishna
- Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 538, Issue 1-2
Relativistic Turbulence: A Long Way from Preheating to Equilibrium
journal, March 2003
- Micha, Raphael; Tkachev, Igor I.
- Physical Review Letters, Vol. 90, Issue 12
Universal attractor in a highly occupied non-Abelian plasma
journal, June 2014
- Berges, J.; Boguslavski, K.; Schlichting, S.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 89, Issue 11
Nonthermal fixed points and the functional renormalization group
journal, June 2009
- Berges, Jürgen; Hoffmeister, Gabriele
- Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 813, Issue 3
Attractive versus repulsive interactions in the Bose-Einstein condensation dynamics of relativistic field theories
journal, October 2017
- Berges, J.; Boguslavski, K.; Chatrchyan, A.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 96, Issue 7
Ordering, metastability and phase transitions in two-dimensional systems
journal, April 1973
- Kosterlitz, J M; Thouless, D J
- Journal of Physics C: Solid State Physics, Vol. 6, Issue 7, p. 1181-1203
Erratum: Global polarization measurement in Au + Au collisions [Phys. Rev. C 76 , 024915 (2007)]
journal, March 2017
- Abelev, B. I.; Aggarwal, M. M.; Ahammed, Z.
- Physical Review C, Vol. 95, Issue 3
Universal scaling at nonthermal fixed points of a two-component Bose gas
journal, December 2013
- Karl, Markus; Nowak, Boris; Gasenzer, Thomas
- Physical Review A, Vol. 88, Issue 6
Dynamic universality class of the QCD critical point
journal, September 2004
- Son, D.; Stephanov, M.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 70, Issue 5
Scenario of strongly nonequilibrated Bose-Einstein condensation
journal, July 2002
- Berloff, Natalia G.; Svistunov, Boris V.
- Physical Review A, Vol. 66, Issue 1
Real-time evolution of non-Gaussian cumulants in the QCD critical regime
journal, September 2015
- Mukherjee, Swagato; Venugopalan, Raju; Yin, Yi
- Physical Review C, Vol. 92, Issue 3
Far from equilibrium dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensation for axion dark matter
journal, January 2015
- Berges, Jürgen; Jaeckel, Joerg
- Physical Review D, Vol. 91, Issue 2
Turbulent thermalization of weakly coupled non-Abelian plasmas
journal, September 2012
- Schlichting, Sören
- Physical Review D, Vol. 86, Issue 6
Condensates in relativistic scalar theories
journal, March 2016
- Moore, Guy D.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 93, Issue 6
Turbulent thermalization
journal, August 2004
- Micha, Raphael; Tkachev, Igor I.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 70, Issue 4
Theory of phase-ordering kinetics
journal, March 2002
- Bray, A. J.
- Advances in Physics, Vol. 51, Issue 2
Non-thermal Fixed Points: Effective Weak-coupling for Strongly Correlated Systems far from Equilibrium.
text, January 2008
- Berges, Juergen; Rothkopf, Alexander.; Schmidt, Jonas
- Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg
Global polarization measurement in Au+Au collisions
text, January 2007
- Collaboration, Star; Abelev, B. I.; Selyuzhenkov, I.
- arXiv
Dynamic critical phenomena from spectral functions on the lattice
text, January 2009
- Berges, J.; Schlichting, S.; Sexty, D.
- arXiv
Nonthermal fixed points, vortex statistics, and superfluid turbulence in an ultracold Bose gas
text, January 2011
- Nowak, Boris; Schole, Jan; Sexty, Dénes
- arXiv
Over-populated gauge fields on the lattice
text, January 2012
- Berges, J.; Schlichting, S.; Sexty, D.
- arXiv
Critical Dynamics of a Two-dimensional Superfluid near a Non-Thermal Fixed Point
text, January 2012
- Schole, Jan; Nowak, Boris; Gasenzer, Thomas
- arXiv
Turbulent thermalization process in heavy-ion collisions at ultrarelativistic energies
text, January 2013
- Berges, J.; Boguslavski, K.; Schlichting, S.
- arXiv
Universal scaling at non-thermal fixed points of a two-component Bose gas
text, January 2013
- Karl, Markus; Nowak, Boris; Gasenzer, Thomas
- arXiv
Universal attractor in a highly occupied non-Abelian plasma
text, January 2013
- Berges, Juergen; Boguslavski, Kirill; Schlichting, Soeren
- arXiv
Far from equilibrium dynamics of Bose-Einstein condensation for Axion Dark Matter
text, January 2014
- Berges, Juergen; Jaeckel, Joerg
- arXiv
Strongly anomalous non-thermal fixed point in a quenched two-dimensional Bose gas
text, January 2016
- Karl, Markus; Gasenzer, Thomas
- arXiv
Universal self-similar scaling of spatial Wilson loops out of equilibrium
text, January 2017
- Berges, J.; Mace, M.; Schlichting, S.
- arXiv
Global and local spin polarization in heavy ion collisions: a brief overview
text, January 2017
- Wang, Qun
- arXiv
Relativistic Turbulence: A Long Way from Preheating to Equilibrium
text, January 2002
- Micha, R.; Tkachev, I. I.
- arXiv
Color Superconductivity and Chiral Symmetry Restoration at Nonzero Baryon Density and Temperature
text, January 1998
- Berges, J.; Rajagopal, K.
- arXiv
Works referencing / citing this record:
Universal dynamics in an isolated one-dimensional Bose gas far from equilibrium
journal, November 2018
- Erne, Sebastian; Bücker, Robert; Gasenzer, Thomas
- Nature, Vol. 563, Issue 7730
Kinetic theory of nonthermal fixed points in a Bose gas
journal, April 2019
- Chantesana, Isara; Orioli, Asier Piñeiro; Gasenzer, Thomas
- Physical Review A, Vol. 99, Issue 4
Highly occupied gauge theories in dimensions: A self-similar attractor
journal, November 2019
- Boguslavski, K.; Kurkela, A.; Lappi, T.
- Physical Review D, Vol. 100, Issue 9