A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant
Abstract
The detection of GW170817 in both gravitational waves and electromagnetic waves heralds the age of gravitational-wave multi-messenger astronomy. On 17 August 2017 the Advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors observed GW170817, a strong signal from the merger of a binary neutron-star system. Less than 2 seconds after the merger, a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) was detected within a region of the sky consistent with the LIGO-Virgo-derived location of the gravitational-wave source. This sky region was subsequently observed by optical astronomy facilities, resulting in the identification of an optical transient signal within $$\sim 10$$ arcsec of the galaxy NGC 4993. These multi-messenger observations allow us to use GW170817 as a standard siren, the gravitational-wave analog of an astronomical standard candle, to measure the Hubble constant. This quantity, which represents the local expansion rate of the Universe, sets the overall scale of the Universe and is of fundamental importance to cosmology. Our measurement combines the distance to the source inferred purely from the gravitational-wave signal with the recession velocity inferred from measurements of the redshift using electromagnetic data. This approach does not require any form of cosmic "distance ladder;" the gravitational wave analysis can be used to estimate the luminosity distance out to cosmological scales directly, without the use of intermediate astronomical distance measurements. We determine the Hubble constant to be $$70.0^{+12.0}_{-8.0} \, \mathrm{km} \, \mathrm{s}^{-1} \, \mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$$ (maximum a posteriori and 68% credible interval). This is consistent with existing measurements, while being completely independent of them. Additional standard-siren measurements from future gravitational-wave sources will provide precision constraints of this important cosmological parameter.
- Authors:
- more »
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States); Univ. of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI (United States); SLAC National Accelerator Laboratory (SLAC), Menlo Park, CA (United States); Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory (FNAL), Batavia, IL (United States); Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Advanced Scientific Computing Research (ASCR); USDOE Office of Science (SC), High Energy Physics (HEP)
- Contributing Org.:
- The MASTER Collaboration; LIGO Scientific; Virgo; 1M2H; Dark Energy Camera GW-E; DES; DLT40; Las Cumbres Observatory; VINROUGE; MASTER; The LIGO Scientific Collaboration and The Virgo Collaboration; The 1M2H Collaboration; The Dark Energy Camera GW-EM Collaboration and the DES Collaboration; The DLT40 Collaboration; The Las Cumbres Observatory Collaboration; The VINROUGE Collaboration
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1409246
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1410542; OSTI ID: 1436724; OSTI ID: 1456981; OSTI ID: 1480018; OSTI ID: 1645621
- Report Number(s):
- LIGO-P1700296; FERMILAB-PUB-17-472-A-AE; arXiv:1710.05835; LA-UR-17-29462
Journal ID: ISSN 0028-0836; 105762
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-00OR22725; SC0007859; AC02-76SF00515; AC02-07CH11359; AC02-05CH11231; AC52-06NA25396
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Nature (London)
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Nature (London); Journal Volume: 551; Journal Issue: 7678; Journal ID: ISSN 0028-0836
- Publisher:
- Nature Publishing Group
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
Citation Formats
Abbott, B. P., Abbott, R., Abbott, T. D., Acernese, F., Ackley, K., Adams, C., Adams, T., Addesso, P., Adhikari, R. X., Adya, V. B., Affeldt, C., Afrough, M., Agarwal, B., Agathos, M., Agatsuma, K., Aggarwal, N., Aguiar, O. D., Aiello, L., Ain, A., Ajith, P., Allen, B., Allen, G., Allocca, A., Altin, P. A., Amato, A., Ananyeva, A., Anderson, S. B., Anderson, W. G., Angelova, S. V., Antier, S., Appert, S., Arai, K., Araya, M. C., Areeda, J. S., Arnaud, N., Arun, K. G., Ascenzi, S., Ashton, G., Ast, M., Aston, S. M., Astone, P., Atallah, D. V., Aufmuth, P., Aulbert, C., AultONeal, K., Austin, C., Avila-Alvarez, A., Babak, S., Bacon, P., Bader, M. K. M., Bae, S., Baker, P. T., Baldaccini, F., Ballardin, G., Ballmer, S. W., Banagiri, S., Barayoga, J. C., Barclay, S. E., Barish, B. C., Barker, D., Barkett, K., Barone, F., Barr, B., Barsotti, L., Barsuglia, M., Barta, D., Bartlett, J., Bartos, I., Bassiri, R., Basti, A., Batch, J. C., Bawaj, M., Bayley, J. C., Bazzan, M., Bécsy, B., Beer, C., Bejger, M., Belahcene, I., Bell, A. S., Berger, B. K., Bergmann, G., Bero, J. J., Berry, C. P. L., Bersanetti, D., Bertolini, A., Betzwieser, J., Bhagwat, S., Bhandare, R., Bilenko, I. A., Billingsley, G., Billman, C. R., Birch, J., Birney, R., Birnholtz, O., Biscans, S., Biscoveanu, S., Bisht, A., Bitossi, M., Biwer, C., Bizouard, M. A., Blackburn, J. K., Blackman, J., Blair, C. D., Blair, D. G., Blair, R. M., Bloemen, S., Bock, O., Bode, N., Boer, M., Bogaert, G., Bohe, A., Bondu, F., Bonilla, E., Bonnand, R., Boom, B. A., Bork, R., Boschi, V., Bose, S., Bossie, K., Bouffanais, Y., Bozzi, A., Bradaschia, C., Brady, P. R., Branchesi, M., Brau, J. E., Briant, T., Brillet, A., Brinkmann, M., Brisson, V., Brockill, P., Broida, J. E., Brooks, A. F., Brown, D. A., Brown, D. D., Brunett, S., Buchanan, C. C., Buikema, A., Bulik, T., Bulten, H. J., Buonanno, A., Buskulic, D., Buy, C., Byer, R. 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"A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/nature24471. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1409246.
@article{osti_1409246,
title = {A gravitational-wave standard siren measurement of the Hubble constant},
author = {Abbott, B. P. and Abbott, R. and Abbott, T. D. and Acernese, F. and Ackley, K. and Adams, C. and Adams, T. and Addesso, P. and Adhikari, R. X. and Adya, V. B. and Affeldt, C. and Afrough, M. and Agarwal, B. and Agathos, M. and Agatsuma, K. and Aggarwal, N. and Aguiar, O. D. and Aiello, L. and Ain, A. and Ajith, P. and Allen, B. and Allen, G. and Allocca, A. and Altin, P. A. and Amato, A. and Ananyeva, A. and Anderson, S. B. and Anderson, W. G. and Angelova, S. V. and Antier, S. and Appert, S. and Arai, K. and Araya, M. C. and Areeda, J. S. and Arnaud, N. and Arun, K. G. and Ascenzi, S. and Ashton, G. and Ast, M. and Aston, S. M. and Astone, P. and Atallah, D. V. and Aufmuth, P. and Aulbert, C. and AultONeal, K. and Austin, C. and Avila-Alvarez, A. and Babak, S. and Bacon, P. and Bader, M. K. M. and Bae, S. and Baker, P. T. and Baldaccini, F. and Ballardin, G. and Ballmer, S. W. and Banagiri, S. and Barayoga, J. C. and Barclay, S. E. and Barish, B. C. and Barker, D. and Barkett, K. and Barone, F. and Barr, B. and Barsotti, L. and Barsuglia, M. and Barta, D. and Bartlett, J. and Bartos, I. and Bassiri, R. and Basti, A. and Batch, J. C. and Bawaj, M. and Bayley, J. C. and Bazzan, M. and Bécsy, B. and Beer, C. and Bejger, M. and Belahcene, I. and Bell, A. S. and Berger, B. K. and Bergmann, G. and Bero, J. J. and Berry, C. P. L. and Bersanetti, D. and Bertolini, A. and Betzwieser, J. and Bhagwat, S. and Bhandare, R. and Bilenko, I. A. and Billingsley, G. and Billman, C. R. and Birch, J. and Birney, R. and Birnholtz, O. and Biscans, S. and Biscoveanu, S. and Bisht, A. and Bitossi, M. and Biwer, C. and Bizouard, M. A. and Blackburn, J. K. and Blackman, J. and Blair, C. D. and Blair, D. G. and Blair, R. M. and Bloemen, S. and Bock, O. and Bode, N. and Boer, M. and Bogaert, G. and Bohe, A. and Bondu, F. and Bonilla, E. and Bonnand, R. and Boom, B. A. and Bork, R. and Boschi, V. and Bose, S. and Bossie, K. and Bouffanais, Y. and Bozzi, A. and Bradaschia, C. and Brady, P. R. and Branchesi, M. and Brau, J. E. and Briant, T. and Brillet, A. and Brinkmann, M. and Brisson, V. and Brockill, P. and Broida, J. E. and Brooks, A. F. and Brown, D. A. and Brown, D. D. and Brunett, S. and Buchanan, C. C. and Buikema, A. and Bulik, T. and Bulten, H. J. and Buonanno, A. and Buskulic, D. and Buy, C. and Byer, R. L. and Cabero, M. and Cadonati, L. and Cagnoli, G. and Cahillane, C. and Bustillo, J. Calderón and Callister, T. A. and Calloni, E. and Camp, J. B. and Canepa, M. and Canizares, P. and Cannon, K. C. and Cao, H. and Cao, J. and Capano, C. D. and Capocasa, E. and Carbognani, F. and Caride, S. and Carney, M. F. and Diaz, J. Casanueva and Casentini, C. and Caudill, S. and Cavaglià, M. and Cavalier, F. and Cavalieri, R. and Cella, G. and Cepeda, C. B. and Cerdá-Durán, P. and Cerretani, G. and Cesarini, E. and Chamberlin, S. 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abstractNote = {The detection of GW170817 in both gravitational waves and electromagnetic waves heralds the age of gravitational-wave multi-messenger astronomy. On 17 August 2017 the Advanced LIGO and Virgo detectors observed GW170817, a strong signal from the merger of a binary neutron-star system. Less than 2 seconds after the merger, a gamma-ray burst (GRB 170817A) was detected within a region of the sky consistent with the LIGO-Virgo-derived location of the gravitational-wave source. This sky region was subsequently observed by optical astronomy facilities, resulting in the identification of an optical transient signal within $\sim 10$ arcsec of the galaxy NGC 4993. These multi-messenger observations allow us to use GW170817 as a standard siren, the gravitational-wave analog of an astronomical standard candle, to measure the Hubble constant. This quantity, which represents the local expansion rate of the Universe, sets the overall scale of the Universe and is of fundamental importance to cosmology. Our measurement combines the distance to the source inferred purely from the gravitational-wave signal with the recession velocity inferred from measurements of the redshift using electromagnetic data. This approach does not require any form of cosmic "distance ladder;" the gravitational wave analysis can be used to estimate the luminosity distance out to cosmological scales directly, without the use of intermediate astronomical distance measurements. We determine the Hubble constant to be $70.0^{+12.0}_{-8.0} \, \mathrm{km} \, \mathrm{s}^{-1} \, \mathrm{Mpc}^{-1}$ (maximum a posteriori and 68% credible interval). This is consistent with existing measurements, while being completely independent of them. Additional standard-siren measurements from future gravitational-wave sources will provide precision constraints of this important cosmological parameter.},
doi = {10.1038/nature24471},
journal = {Nature (London)},
number = 7678,
volume = 551,
place = {United States},
year = {Mon Oct 16 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Mon Oct 16 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}
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Standard Siren Speeds: Improving velocities in gravitational-wave measurements of $H_{0}$
text, January 2019
- Howlett, Cullan; Davis, Tamara M.
- arXiv
Implications of the search for optical counterparts during the first six months of the Advanced LIGO's and Advanced Virgo's third observing run: possible limits on the ejecta mass and binary properties
text, January 2019
- Coughlin, Michael W.; Dietrich, Tim; Antier, Sarah
- arXiv
Dependence of Gravitational Wave Transient Rates on Cosmic Star Formation and Metallicity Evolution History
text, January 2019
- Tang, Petra N.; Eldridge, J. J.; Stanway, Elizabeth R.
- arXiv