Measurements of the separated longitudinal structure function FL from hydrogen and deuterium targets at low Q2

Tvaskis, V.; Tvaskis, A.; Niculescu, I.; Abbott, D.; Adams, G. S.; Afanasev, A.; Ahmidouch, A.; Angelescu, T.; Arrington, J.; Asaturyan, R.; Avery, S.; Baker, O. K.; Benmouna, N.; Berman, B. L.; Biselli, A.; Blok, H. P.; Boeglin, W. U.; Bosted, P. E.; Brash, E.; Breuer, H.; Chang, G.; Chant, N.; Christy, M. E.; Connell, S. H.; Dalton, M. M.; Danagoulian, S.; Day, D.; Dodario, T.; Dunne, J. A.; Dutta, D.; El Khayari, N.; Ent, R.; Fenker, H. C.; Frolov, V. V.; Gaskell, D.; Garrow, K.; Gilman, R.; Gueye, P.; Hafidi, K.; Hinton, W.; Holt, R. J.; Horn, T.; Huber, G. M.; Jackson, H.; Jiang, X.; Jones, M. K.; Joo, K.; Kelly, J. J.; Keppel, C. E.; Kuhn, J.; Kinney, E.; Klein, A.; Kubarovsky, V.; Liang, Y.; Lolos, G.; Lung, A.; Mack, D.; Malace, S.; Markowitz, P.; Mbianda, G.; McGrath, E.; Mckee, D.; Meekins, D. G.; Mkrtchyan, H.; Napolitano, J.; Navasardyan, T.; Niculescu, G.; Nozar, M.; Ostapenko, T.; Papandreou, Z.; Potterveld, D.; Reimer, P. E.; Reinhold, J.; Roche, J.; Rock, S. E.; Schulte, E.; Segbefia, E.; Smith, C.; Smith, G. R.; Stoler, P.; Tadevosyan, V.; Tang, L.; Telfeyan, J.; Todor, L.; Ungaro, M.; Uzzle, A.; Vidakovic, S.; Villano, A.; Vulcan, W. F.; Warren, G.; Wesselmann, F.; Wojtsekhowski, B.; Wood, S. A.; Yan, C.; Zihlmann, B.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.97.045204

Title: Measurements of the separated longitudinal structure function $F_{L}$ from hydrogen and deuterium targets at low $Q^{2}$

Abstract

Structure functions, as measured in lepton-nucleon scattering, have proven to be very useful in studying the partonic dynamics within the nucleon. However, it is experimentally difficult to separately determine the longitudinal and transverse structure functions, and consequently there are substantially less data available in particular for the longitudinal structure function. Here, we present separated structure functions for hydrogen and deuterium at low four-momentum transfer squared, Q2<1GeV2, and compare them with parton distribution parametrization and kT factorization approaches. While differences are found, the parametrizations generally agree with the data, even at the very low-Q2 scale of the data. The deuterium data show a smaller longitudinal structure function and a smaller ratio of longitudinal to transverse cross section, R, than the proton. This suggests either an unexpected difference in R for the proton and the neutron or a suppression of the gluonic distribution in nuclei.

Authors:

Tvaskis, V. ^[1]; Tvaskis, A. ^[1]; Niculescu, I. ^[2]; Abbott, D. ^[3]; Adams, G. S. ^[4]; Afanasev, A. ^[3]; Ahmidouch, A. ^[5]; Angelescu, T. ^[6]; Arrington, J. ^[7]; Asaturyan, R. ^[8]; Avery, S. ^[1]; Baker, O. K. ^[9]; Benmouna, N. ^[10]; Berman, B. L. ^[10]; Biselli, A. ^[11]; Blok, H. P. ^[12]; Boeglin, W. U. ^[13]; Bosted, P. E. ^[14]; Brash, E. ^[15]; Breuer, H. ^[16] more »

Hampton Univ., Hampton, VA (United States)
James Madison Univ., Harrisonburg, VA (United States)
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)
Rensselaer Polytechnic Inst., Troy, NY (United States)
North Carolina A&T State Univ., Greensboro, NC (United States)
Bucharest Univ., Magurele (Romania)
Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States)
Yerevan Physics Inst. (YerPhI) (Armenia)
Hampton Univ., Hampton, VA (United States); Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States)
The George Washington Univ., Washington, D.C. (United States)
Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA (United States)
Vrije Univ., Amsterdam (The Netherlands); Nikhef, Amsterdam (The Netherlands)
Florida International Univ., University Park, FL (United States)
Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States); Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (United States)
Univ. of Regina, Regina, SK (Canada)
Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
Univ. of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg (South Africa)
Univ. of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA (United States)
Univ. of Houston, Houston, TX (United States)
Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State, MS (United States)
Triangle Univ. Nuclear Lab and Duke Univ., Durham, NC (United States)
California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
Univ. of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK (Canada)
Rutgers, The State Univ. of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ (United States)
Univ. of Connecticut, Storrs, CT (United States)
Univ. of Colorado, Boulder, CO (United States)
Old Dominion Univ., Norfolk, VA (United States)
Ohio Univ., Athens, OH (United States)
Arizona State Univ., Tempe, AZ (United States)
Gettysburg College, Gettysburg, PA (United States)
Univ. of Massachusetts, Amherst, MA (United States)

Publication Date:: Thu Apr 26 00:00:00 EDT 2018

Research Org.:: Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility (TJNAF), Newport News, VA (United States); Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1435415

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1434826; OSTI ID: 1435971; OSTI ID: 1830323

Report Number(s):: JLAB-PHY-16-2295; DOE/OR/23177-3874; arXiv:1606.02614
Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985; PRVCAN; TRN: US1802336

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-06OR23177; AC02-06CH11357; PHY-0245045; PHY-0555510; PHY-0653440; PHY-1002644; AC02-05CH11231

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review C

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 97; Journal Issue: 4; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS

Citation Formats


                    Tvaskis, V., Tvaskis, A., Niculescu, I., Abbott, D., Adams, G. S., Afanasev, A., Ahmidouch, A., Angelescu, T., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, R., Avery, S., Baker, O. K., Benmouna, N., Berman, B. L., Biselli, A., Blok, H. P., Boeglin, W. U., Bosted, P. E., Brash, E., Breuer, H., Chang, G., Chant, N., Christy, M. E., Connell, S. H., Dalton, M. M., Danagoulian, S., Day, D., Dodario, T., Dunne, J. A., Dutta, D., El Khayari, N., Ent, R., Fenker, H. C., Frolov, V. V., Gaskell, D., Garrow, K., Gilman, R., Gueye, P., Hafidi, K., Hinton, W., Holt, R. J., Horn, T., Huber, G. M., Jackson, H., Jiang, X., Jones, M. K., Joo, K., Kelly, J. J., Keppel, C. E., Kuhn, J., Kinney, E., Klein, A., Kubarovsky, V., Liang, Y., Lolos, G., Lung, A., Mack, D., Malace, S., Markowitz, P., Mbianda, G., McGrath, E., Mckee, D., Meekins, D. G., Mkrtchyan, H., Napolitano, J., Navasardyan, T., Niculescu, G., Nozar, M., Ostapenko, T., Papandreou, Z., Potterveld, D., Reimer, P. E., Reinhold, J., Roche, J., Rock, S. E., Schulte, E., Segbefia, E., Smith, C., Smith, G. R., Stoler, P., Tadevosyan, V., Tang, L., Telfeyan, J., Todor, L., Ungaro, M., Uzzle, A., Vidakovic, S., Villano, A., Vulcan, W. F., Warren, G., Wesselmann, F., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S. A., Yan, C., and Zihlmann, B. Measurements of the separated longitudinal structure function FL from hydrogen and deuterium targets at low Q2.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.97.045204.

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                    Tvaskis, V., Tvaskis, A., Niculescu, I., Abbott, D., Adams, G. S., Afanasev, A., Ahmidouch, A., Angelescu, T., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, R., Avery, S., Baker, O. K., Benmouna, N., Berman, B. L., Biselli, A., Blok, H. P., Boeglin, W. U., Bosted, P. E., Brash, E., Breuer, H., Chang, G., Chant, N., Christy, M. E., Connell, S. H., Dalton, M. M., Danagoulian, S., Day, D., Dodario, T., Dunne, J. A., Dutta, D., El Khayari, N., Ent, R., Fenker, H. C., Frolov, V. V., Gaskell, D., Garrow, K., Gilman, R., Gueye, P., Hafidi, K., Hinton, W., Holt, R. J., Horn, T., Huber, G. M., Jackson, H., Jiang, X., Jones, M. K., Joo, K., Kelly, J. J., Keppel, C. E., Kuhn, J., Kinney, E., Klein, A., Kubarovsky, V., Liang, Y., Lolos, G., Lung, A., Mack, D., Malace, S., Markowitz, P., Mbianda, G., McGrath, E., Mckee, D., Meekins, D. G., Mkrtchyan, H., Napolitano, J., Navasardyan, T., Niculescu, G., Nozar, M., Ostapenko, T., Papandreou, Z., Potterveld, D., Reimer, P. E., Reinhold, J., Roche, J., Rock, S. E., Schulte, E., Segbefia, E., Smith, C., Smith, G. R., Stoler, P., Tadevosyan, V., Tang, L., Telfeyan, J., Todor, L., Ungaro, M., Uzzle, A., Vidakovic, S., Villano, A., Vulcan, W. F., Warren, G., Wesselmann, F., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S. A., Yan, C., & Zihlmann, B. Measurements of the separated longitudinal structure function FL from hydrogen and deuterium targets at low Q2.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.97.045204

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                    Tvaskis, V., Tvaskis, A., Niculescu, I., Abbott, D., Adams, G. S., Afanasev, A., Ahmidouch, A., Angelescu, T., Arrington, J., Asaturyan, R., Avery, S., Baker, O. K., Benmouna, N., Berman, B. L., Biselli, A., Blok, H. P., Boeglin, W. U., Bosted, P. E., Brash, E., Breuer, H., Chang, G., Chant, N., Christy, M. E., Connell, S. H., Dalton, M. M., Danagoulian, S., Day, D., Dodario, T., Dunne, J. A., Dutta, D., El Khayari, N., Ent, R., Fenker, H. C., Frolov, V. V., Gaskell, D., Garrow, K., Gilman, R., Gueye, P., Hafidi, K., Hinton, W., Holt, R. J., Horn, T., Huber, G. M., Jackson, H., Jiang, X., Jones, M. K., Joo, K., Kelly, J. J., Keppel, C. E., Kuhn, J., Kinney, E., Klein, A., Kubarovsky, V., Liang, Y., Lolos, G., Lung, A., Mack, D., Malace, S., Markowitz, P., Mbianda, G., McGrath, E., Mckee, D., Meekins, D. G., Mkrtchyan, H., Napolitano, J., Navasardyan, T., Niculescu, G., Nozar, M., Ostapenko, T., Papandreou, Z., Potterveld, D., Reimer, P. E., Reinhold, J., Roche, J., Rock, S. E., Schulte, E., Segbefia, E., Smith, C., Smith, G. R., Stoler, P., Tadevosyan, V., Tang, L., Telfeyan, J., Todor, L., Ungaro, M., Uzzle, A., Vidakovic, S., Villano, A., Vulcan, W. F., Warren, G., Wesselmann, F., Wojtsekhowski, B., Wood, S. A., Yan, C., and Zihlmann, B. Thu .  
"Measurements of the separated longitudinal structure function FL from hydrogen and deuterium targets at low Q2".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.97.045204.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1435415.

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@article{osti_1435415,

  title        = {Measurements of the separated longitudinal structure function FL from hydrogen and deuterium targets at low Q2},

  author       = {Tvaskis, V. and Tvaskis, A. and Niculescu, I. and Abbott, D. and Adams, G. S. and Afanasev, A. and Ahmidouch, A. and Angelescu, T. and Arrington, J. and Asaturyan, R. and Avery, S. and Baker, O. K. and Benmouna, N. and Berman, B. L. and Biselli, A. and Blok, H. P. and Boeglin, W. U. and Bosted, P. E. and Brash, E. and Breuer, H. and Chang, G. and Chant, N. and Christy, M. E. and Connell, S. H. and Dalton, M. M. and Danagoulian, S. and Day, D. and Dodario, T. and Dunne, J. A. and Dutta, D. and El Khayari, N. and Ent, R. and Fenker, H. C. and Frolov, V. V. and Gaskell, D. and Garrow, K. and Gilman, R. and Gueye, P. and Hafidi, K. and Hinton, W. and Holt, R. J. and Horn, T. and Huber, G. M. and Jackson, H. and Jiang, X. and Jones, M. K. and Joo, K. and Kelly, J. J. and Keppel, C. E. and Kuhn, J. and Kinney, E. and Klein, A. and Kubarovsky, V. and Liang, Y. and Lolos, G. and Lung, A. and Mack, D. and Malace, S. and Markowitz, P. and Mbianda, G. and McGrath, E. and Mckee, D. and Meekins, D. G. and Mkrtchyan, H. and Napolitano, J. and Navasardyan, T. and Niculescu, G. and Nozar, M. and Ostapenko, T. and Papandreou, Z. and Potterveld, D. and Reimer, P. E. and Reinhold, J. and Roche, J. and Rock, S. E. and Schulte, E. and Segbefia, E. and Smith, C. and Smith, G. R. and Stoler, P. and Tadevosyan, V. and Tang, L. and Telfeyan, J. and Todor, L. and Ungaro, M. and Uzzle, A. and Vidakovic, S. and Villano, A. and Vulcan, W. F. and Warren, G. and Wesselmann, F. and Wojtsekhowski, B. and Wood, S. A. and Yan, C. and Zihlmann, B.},

  abstractNote = {Structure functions, as measured in lepton-nucleon scattering, have proven to be very useful in studying the partonic dynamics within the nucleon. However, it is experimentally difficult to separately determine the longitudinal and transverse structure functions, and consequently there are substantially less data available in particular for the longitudinal structure function. Here, we present separated structure functions for hydrogen and deuterium at low four-momentum transfer squared, Q2<1GeV2, and compare them with parton distribution parametrization and kT factorization approaches. While differences are found, the parametrizations generally agree with the data, even at the very low-Q2 scale of the data. The deuterium data show a smaller longitudinal structure function and a smaller ratio of longitudinal to transverse cross section, R, than the proton. This suggests either an unexpected difference in R for the proton and the neutron or a suppression of the gluonic distribution in nuclei.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevC.97.045204},

  journal      = {Physical Review C},

  number       = 4,

  volume       = 97,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Apr 26 00:00:00 EDT 2018},

  month        = {Thu Apr 26 00:00:00 EDT 2018}

}

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Whitlow, L. W.; Rock, S.; Bodek, A.
Physics Letters B, Vol. 250, Issue 1-2
DOI: 10.1016/0370-2693(90)91176-C

Accurate measurement of F2d/F2p and Rd − Rp
journal, March 1997

Arneodo, M.; Arvidson, A.; Badełek, B.
Nuclear Physics B, Vol. 487, Issue 1-2
DOI: 10.1016/S0550-3213(96)00673-6

Final analysis of proton form factor ratio data at $Q^{2} = 4.0$ , 4.8, and 5.6 GeV $^{2}$
journal, April 2012

Puckett, A. J. R.; Brash, E. J.; Gayou, O.
Physical Review C, Vol. 85, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.85.045203

Measurement of the inclusive e ± p scattering cross section at high inelasticity y and of the structure function F L
journal, March 2011

Aaron, F. D.; Alexa, C.; Andreev, V.
The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 71, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-011-1579-4

A high statistics measurement of the proton structure functions F2(x, Q2) and R from deep inelastic muon scattering at high Q2
journal, June 1989

Benvenuti, A. C.; Bollini, D.; Bruni, G.
Physics Letters B, Vol. 223, Issue 3-4
DOI: 10.1016/0370-2693(89)91637-7

Neutron structure functions
journal, December 2008

Arrington, J.; Coester, F.; Holt, R. J.
Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 36, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1088/0954-3899/36/2/025005

Review of two-photon exchange in electron scattering
journal, October 2011

Arrington, J.; Blunden, P. G.; Melnitchouk, W.
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vol. 66, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2011.07.003

Erratum to: “Nuclear effects on R=σ/σ in deep-inelastic scattering”
journal, August 2003

Airapetian, A.; Akopov, N.; Akopov, Z.
Physics Letters B, Vol. 567, Issue 3-4
DOI: 10.1016/j.physletb.2003.06.044

Precision measurement of $R= \sigma_L/\sigma_T$ on hydrogen, deuterium, and beryllium targets in deep inelastic electron scattering
journal, April 1996

Tao et al., L. H.
Zeitschrift f�r Physik C Particles and Fields, Vol. 70, Issue 3
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Analysis of the proton longitudinal structure function from the gluon distribution function
journal, November 2012

Boroun, G. R.; Rezaei, B.
The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 72, Issue 11
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Works referencing / citing this record:

Exposing novel quark and gluon effects in nuclei
journal, July 2019

Cloët, I. C.; Dupré, R.; Riordan, S.
Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 46, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1088/1361-6471/ab2731

The exponent of the longitudinal structure function $$F_{\text {L}}$$FL at low x
journal, January 2020

Boroun, G. R.
The European Physical Journal Plus, Vol. 135, Issue 1
DOI: 10.1140/epjp/s13360-019-00088-x

Exposing Novel Quark and Gluon Effects in Nuclei
text, January 2019

Cloët, I. C.; Dupré, R.; Riordan, S.
arXiv
DOI: 10.48550/arxiv.1902.10572

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Title: Measurements of the separated longitudinal structure function F L from hydrogen and deuterium targets at low Q2

Abstract

Citation Formats

Transverse momentum of jets in electroproduction from quantum chromodynamics journal, May 1978

On the lowest order electroweak corrections to fermion scattering journal, March 1982

Measurement of the Two-Photon Exchange Contribution to the Elastic e ± p Scattering Cross Sections at the VEPP-3 Storage Ring journal, February 2015

Experimental constraints on nonlinearities induced by two-photon effects in elastic and inelastic Rosenbluth separations journal, February 2006

Constraints on the large- x d / u ratio from electron-nucleus scattering at x > 1 journal, December 2011

Towards a Resolution of the Proton Form Factor Problem: New Electron and Positron Scattering Data journal, February 2015

Recoil Polarization Measurements of the Proton Electromagnetic Form Factor Ratio to Q 2 = 8.5 GeV 2 journal, June 2010

Deep inelastic cross-section measurements at large y with the ZEUS detector at HERA journal, October 2014

Longitudinal-Transverse Separations of Deep-Inelastic Structure Functions at Low Q 2 for Hydrogen and Deuterium journal, April 2007

Measurement of kinematic and nuclear dependence of R = σ L σ T in deep inelastic electron scattering journal, June 1994

HARD-POMERON BEHAVIOR OF THE LONGITUDINAL STRUCTURE FUNCTION F L IN THE NEXT-TO-LEADING ORDER AT LOW x journal, January 2009

Measurement of the proton and deuteron structure functions, F2p and F2d, and of the ratio journal, January 1997

Measurements of electron-proton elastic cross sections for 0.4 < Q 2 < 5.5 ( GeV ∕ c ) 2 journal, July 2004

Radiative Corrections to Electron-Proton Scattering journal, June 1961

Impact of nuclear dependence of R = σ L / σ T on antishadowing in nuclear structure functions journal, October 2012

The lead-glass electromagnetic calorimeters for the magnetic spectrometers in Hall C at Jefferson Lab journal, August 2013

Two-Photon Physics in Hadronic Processes journal, November 2007

The low- Q 2 , low- X region in electroproduction journal, April 1996

Nuclear effects on R=σL/σT in deep-inelastic scattering journal, March 2000

Calculation of two-photon exchange effects for Δ production in electron–proton collisions journal, October 2006

Empirical fit to inelastic electron-deuteron and electron-neutron resonance region transverse cross sections journal, June 2008

Quasifree ( e , e ′ p ) Reactions and Proton Propagation in Nuclei journal, June 1998

Uncertainties in determining parton distributions at large x journal, July 2011

High Energy Elastic Scattering of Electrons on Protons journal, August 1950

F L proton structure function from the unified DGLAP/BFKL approach journal, July 2009

Applications of quark-hadron duality in the F 2 structure function journal, September 2009

Radiative Corrections to Elastic and Inelastic ep and up Scattering journal, January 1969

Empirical fit to precision inclusive electron-proton cross sections in the resonance region journal, May 2010

Two-Photon-Exchange Effects in the Electroexcitation of the Δ Resonance journal, January 2006

The High Momentum Spectrometer drift chambers in Hall C at CEBAF journal, December 1995

Precision Measurement of R = σ L σ T and F 2 in Deep-Inelastic Electron Scattering journal, August 1988

Measurement of the longitudinal structure function and the smallx gluon density of the proton journal, June 1988

Quasielastic ( e , e ′ p ) reaction on C 12 , Fe 56 , and Au 197 journal, December 2003

A model for F L and R = F L / F T at low x and low Q 2 journal, April 1997

How Well Do We Know the Neutron Structure Function? journal, June 2012

Global analysis of proton elastic form factor data with two-photon exchange corrections journal, September 2007

A precise extraction of R=σL/σT from a global analysis of the SLAC deep inelastic e-p and e-d scattering cross sections journal, November 1990

Accurate measurement of F2d/F2p and Rd − Rp journal, March 1997

Final analysis of proton form factor ratio data at Q 2 = 4.0 , 4.8, and 5.6 GeV 2 journal, April 2012

Measurement of the inclusive e ± p scattering cross section at high inelasticity y and of the structure function F L journal, March 2011

A high statistics measurement of the proton structure functions F2(x, Q2) and R from deep inelastic muon scattering at high Q2 journal, June 1989

Neutron structure functions journal, December 2008

Review of two-photon exchange in electron scattering journal, October 2011

Erratum to: “Nuclear effects on R=σ/σ in deep-inelastic scattering” journal, August 2003

Precision measurement of $R= \sigma_L/\sigma_T$ on hydrogen, deuterium, and beryllium targets in deep inelastic electron scattering journal, April 1996

Analysis of the proton longitudinal structure function from the gluon distribution function journal, November 2012

Exposing novel quark and gluon effects in nuclei journal, July 2019

The exponent of the longitudinal structure function $$F_{\text {L}}$$FL at low x journal, January 2020

Exposing Novel Quark and Gluon Effects in Nuclei text, January 2019

Title: Measurements of the separated longitudinal structure function $F_{L}$ from hydrogen and deuterium targets at low $Q^{2}$

Transverse momentum of jets in electroproduction from quantum chromodynamics
journal, May 1978

On the lowest order electroweak corrections to fermion scattering
journal, March 1982

Measurement of the Two-Photon Exchange Contribution to the Elastic $e^{\pm} p$ Scattering Cross Sections at the VEPP-3 Storage Ring
journal, February 2015

Experimental constraints on nonlinearities induced by two-photon effects in elastic and inelastic Rosenbluth separations
journal, February 2006

Constraints on the large- $x$ $d / u$ ratio from electron-nucleus scattering at $x > 1$
journal, December 2011

Towards a Resolution of the Proton Form Factor Problem: New Electron and Positron Scattering Data
journal, February 2015

Recoil Polarization Measurements of the Proton Electromagnetic Form Factor Ratio to $Q^{2} = 8.5 {GeV}^{2}$
journal, June 2010

Deep inelastic cross-section measurements at large $y$ with the ZEUS detector at HERA
journal, October 2014

Longitudinal-Transverse Separations of Deep-Inelastic Structure Functions at Low $Q^{2}$ for Hydrogen and Deuterium
journal, April 2007

Measurement of kinematic and nuclear dependence of $R = \frac{σ_{L}}{σ_{T}}$ in deep inelastic electron scattering
journal, June 1994

HARD-POMERON BEHAVIOR OF THE LONGITUDINAL STRUCTURE FUNCTION F _L IN THE NEXT-TO-LEADING ORDER AT LOW x
journal, January 2009

Measurement of the proton and deuteron structure functions, F2p and F2d, and of the ratio
journal, January 1997

Measurements of electron-proton elastic cross sections for $0.4 < Q^{2} < 5.5 {(GeV ∕ c)}^{2}$
journal, July 2004

Radiative Corrections to Electron-Proton Scattering
journal, June 1961

Impact of nuclear dependence of $R = σ_{L} / σ_{T}$ on antishadowing in nuclear structure functions
journal, October 2012

The lead-glass electromagnetic calorimeters for the magnetic spectrometers in Hall C at Jefferson Lab
journal, August 2013

Two-Photon Physics in Hadronic Processes
journal, November 2007

The low- $Q^{2}$ , low- $X$ region in electroproduction
journal, April 1996

Nuclear effects on R=σL/σT in deep-inelastic scattering
journal, March 2000

Calculation of two-photon exchange effects for Δ production in electron–proton collisions
journal, October 2006

Empirical fit to inelastic electron-deuteron and electron-neutron resonance region transverse cross sections
journal, June 2008

Quasifree $(e, e^{'} p)$ Reactions and Proton Propagation in Nuclei
journal, June 1998

Uncertainties in determining parton distributions at large $x$
journal, July 2011

High Energy Elastic Scattering of Electrons on Protons
journal, August 1950

$F_{L}$ proton structure function from the unified DGLAP/BFKL approach
journal, July 2009

Applications of quark-hadron duality in the $F_{2}$ structure function
journal, September 2009

Radiative Corrections to Elastic and Inelastic $ep$ and $up$ Scattering
journal, January 1969

Empirical fit to precision inclusive electron-proton cross sections in the resonance region
journal, May 2010

Two-Photon-Exchange Effects in the Electroexcitation of the $Δ$ Resonance
journal, January 2006

The High Momentum Spectrometer drift chambers in Hall C at CEBAF
journal, December 1995

Precision Measurement of $R = \frac{σ_{L}}{σ_{T}}$ and $F_{2}$ in Deep-Inelastic Electron Scattering
journal, August 1988

Measurement of the longitudinal structure function and the smallx gluon density of the proton
journal, June 1988

Quasielastic $(e, e^{'} p)$ reaction on ${}^{12}C, {}^{56}{Fe}$ , and ${}^{197}{Au}$
journal, December 2003

A model for F L and R = F L / F T at low x and low Q 2
journal, April 1997

How Well Do We Know the Neutron Structure Function?
journal, June 2012

Global analysis of proton elastic form factor data with two-photon exchange corrections
journal, September 2007

A precise extraction of R=σL/σT from a global analysis of the SLAC deep inelastic e-p and e-d scattering cross sections
journal, November 1990

Accurate measurement of F2d/F2p and Rd − Rp
journal, March 1997

Final analysis of proton form factor ratio data at $Q^{2} = 4.0$ , 4.8, and 5.6 GeV $^{2}$
journal, April 2012

Measurement of the inclusive e ± p scattering cross section at high inelasticity y and of the structure function F L
journal, March 2011

A high statistics measurement of the proton structure functions F2(x, Q2) and R from deep inelastic muon scattering at high Q2
journal, June 1989

Neutron structure functions
journal, December 2008

Review of two-photon exchange in electron scattering
journal, October 2011

Erratum to: “Nuclear effects on R=σ/σ in deep-inelastic scattering”
journal, August 2003

Precision measurement of $R= \sigma_L/\sigma_T$ on hydrogen, deuterium, and beryllium targets in deep inelastic electron scattering
journal, April 1996

Analysis of the proton longitudinal structure function from the gluon distribution function
journal, November 2012

Exposing novel quark and gluon effects in nuclei
journal, July 2019

The exponent of the longitudinal structure function $$F_{\text {L}}$$FL at low x
journal, January 2020

Exposing Novel Quark and Gluon Effects in Nuclei
text, January 2019