Experimental discovery of a topological Weyl semimetal state in TaP

Xu, Su -Yang; Belopolski, Ilya; Sanchez, Daniel S.; Zhang, Chenglong; Chang, Guoqing; Guo, Cheng; Bian, Guang; Yuan, Zhujun; Lu, Hong; Chang, Tay -Rong; Shibayev, Pavel P.; Prokopovych, Mykhailo L.; Alidoust, Nasser; Zheng, Hao; Lee, Chi -Cheng; Huang, Shin -Ming; Sankar, Raman; Chou, Fangcheng; Hsu, Chuang -Han; Jeng, Horng -Tay; Bansil, Arun; Neupert, Titus; Strocov, Vladimir N.; Lin, Hsin; Jia, Shuang; Hasan, M. Zahid

doi:10.1126/sciadv.1501092

Title: Experimental discovery of a topological Weyl semimetal state in TaP

Journal Article · 12 November 2015 · Science Advances

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1501092 · OSTI ID:1434896

Xu, Su -Yang ^[1]; Belopolski, Ilya ^[2]; Sanchez, Daniel S. ^[2]; Zhang, Chenglong ^[3]; Chang, Guoqing ^[4]; Guo, Cheng ^[3]; Bian, Guang ^[2]; Yuan, Zhujun ^[3]; Lu, Hong ^[3]; Chang, Tay -Rong ^[5]; Shibayev, Pavel P. ^[2]; Prokopovych, Mykhailo L. ^[6]; Alidoust, Nasser ^[2]; Zheng, Hao ^[2]; Lee, Chi -Cheng ^[4]; Huang, Shin -Ming ^[4]; Sankar, Raman ^[7]; Chou, Fangcheng ^[8]; Hsu, Chuang -Han ^[4]; Jeng, Horng -Tay ^[9] more »

Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ (United States); OSTI
Princeton Univ., Princeton, NJ (United States)
Peking Univ., Beijing (China)
National Univ. of Singapore (Singapore)
National Tsing Hua Univ., Hsinchu (Taiwan)
Paul Scherrer Inst. (PSI), Villigen (Switzerland)
National Taiwan Univ., Taipei (Taiwan); Academia Sinica, Taipei (Taiwan)
National Taiwan Univ., Taipei (Taiwan)
National Tsing Hua Univ., Hsinchu (Taiwan); Academia Sinica, Taipei (Taiwan)
Northeastern Univ., Boston, MA (United States)
Peking Univ., Beijing (China); Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing (China)

Here, Weyl semimetals are expected to open up new horizons in physics and materials science because they provide the first realization of Weyl fermions and exhibit protected Fermi arc surface states. However, they had been found to be extremely rare in nature. Recently, a family of compounds, consisting of tantalum arsenide, tantalum phosphide (TaP), niobium arsenide, and niobium phosphide, was predicted as a Weyl semimetal candidates. We experimentally realize a Weyl semimetal state in TaP. Using photoemission spectroscopy, we directly observe the Weyl fermion cones and nodes in the bulk, and the Fermi arcs on the surface. Moreover, we find that the surface states show an unexpectedly rich structure, including both topological Fermi arcs and several topologically trivial closed contours in the vicinity of the Weyl points, which provides a promising platform to study the interplay between topological and trivial surface states on a Weyl semimetal’s surface. We directly demonstrate the bulk-boundary correspondence and establish the topologically nontrivial nature of the Weyl semimetal state in TaP, by resolving the net number of chiral edge modes on a closed path that encloses the Weyl node. This also provides, for the first time, an experimentally practical approach to demonstrating a bulk Weyl fermion from a surface state dispersion measured in photoemission.

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Research Organization:: Northeastern Univ., Boston, MA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES) (SC-22)

Grant/Contract Number:: FG02-07ER46352

OSTI ID:: 1434896

Journal Information:: Science Advances, Journal Name: Science Advances Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 1; ISSN 2375-2548

Publisher:: AAASCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Dielectric response and novel electromagnetic modes in three-dimensional Dirac semimetal films Kotov, O. V.; Lozovik, Yu. E. Physical Review B, Vol. 93, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.93.235417	journal	June 2016
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Resistivity plateau and extremely large magnetoresistance in NbAs 2 and TaAs 2 Wang, Yi-Yan; Yu, Qiao-He; Guo, Peng-Jie Physical Review B, Vol. 94, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.94.041103	journal	July 2016
Topological density-wave states in a particle-hole symmetric Weyl metal Wang, Yuxuan; Ye, Peng Physical Review B, Vol. 94, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.94.075115	journal	August 2016
Asymmetric mass acquisition in LaBi: Topological semimetal candidate Wu, Yun; Kong, Tai; Wang, Lin-Lin Physical Review B, Vol. 94, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.94.081108	journal	August 2016
Magnetotransport and de Haas–van Alphen measurements in the type-II Weyl semimetal TaIrTe 4 Khim, Seunghyun; Koepernik, Klaus; Efremov, Dmitry V. Physical Review B, Vol. 94, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.94.165145	journal	October 2016
Magnetotransport study of Dirac fermions in YbMnBi 2 antiferromagnet Wang, Aifeng; Zaliznyak, I.; Ren, Weijun Physical Review B, Vol. 94, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.94.165161	journal	October 2016
Josephson effect in a Weyl SNS junction Madsen, Kevin A.; Bergholtz, Emil J.; Brouwer, Piet W. Physical Review B, Vol. 95, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.95.064511	journal	February 2017
Minimal models for topological Weyl semimetals McCormick, Timothy M.; Kimchi, Itamar; Trivedi, Nandini Physical Review B, Vol. 95, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.95.075133	journal	February 2017
Electron scattering in tantalum monoarsenide Zhang, Cheng-Long; Yuan, Zhujun; Jiang, Qing-Dong Physical Review B, Vol. 95, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.95.085202	journal	February 2017
Anisotropic magnetotransport in Dirac-Weyl magnetic junctions Ominato, Yuya; Kobayashi, Koji; Nomura, Kentaro Physical Review B, Vol. 95, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.95.085308	journal	February 2017
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Electron transport in nodal-line semimetals Syzranov, S. V.; Skinner, B. Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.96.161105	journal	October 2017
Semiclassical theory of anomalous transport in type-II topological Weyl semimetals McCormick, Timothy M.; McKay, Robert C.; Trivedi, Nandini Physical Review B, Vol. 96, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.96.235116	journal	December 2017
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Engineering topological phases in the Luttinger semimetal α -Sn Zhang, Dongqin; Wang, Huaiqiang; Ruan, Jiawei Physical Review B, Vol. 97, Issue 19 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.97.195139	journal	May 2018
Resolving different pairing states in Weyl superconductors through the single-particle spectrum Zhou, Tao; Gao, Yi; Wang, Z. D. Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.98.024515	journal	July 2018
Chiral optical response of multifold fermions Flicker, Felix; de Juan, Fernando; Bradlyn, Barry Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.98.155145	journal	October 2018
Anomalous Nernst effect and field-induced Lifshitz transition in the Weyl semimetals TaP and TaAs Caglieris, F.; Wuttke, C.; Sykora, S. Physical Review B, Vol. 98, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.98.201107	journal	November 2018
Magnetotransport properties and giant anomalous Hall angle in the half-Heusler compound TbPtBi Singha, Ratnadwip; Roy, Shubhankar; Pariari, Arnab Physical Review B, Vol. 99, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.99.035110	journal	January 2019
Tunable surface plasmons in Weyl semimetals TaAs and NbAs Chiarello, Gennaro; Hofmann, Johannes; Li, Zhilin Physical Review B, Vol. 99, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.99.121401	journal	March 2019
Hydrodynamics of Fermi arcs: Bulk flow and surface collective modes Gorbar, E. V.; Miransky, V. A.; Shovkovy, I. A. Physical Review B, Vol. 99, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.99.155120	journal	April 2019
Signatures of Fermi Arcs in the Quasiparticle Interferences of the Weyl Semimetals TaAs and NbP Chang, Guoqing; Xu, Su-Yang; Zheng, Hao Physical Review Letters, Vol. 116, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.116.066601	journal	February 2016
Criteria for Directly Detecting Topological Fermi Arcs in Weyl Semimetals Belopolski, Ilya; Xu, Su-Yang; Sanchez, Daniel S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 116, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.116.066802	journal	February 2016
Spin Polarization and Texture of the Fermi Arcs in the Weyl Fermion Semimetal TaAs Xu, Su-Yang; Belopolski, Ilya; Sanchez, Daniel S. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 116, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.116.096801	journal	March 2016
Robust Type-II Weyl Semimetal Phase in Transition Metal Diphosphides X P 2 ( X = Mo , W) Autès, G.; Gresch, D.; Troyer, M. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 117, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.117.066402	journal	August 2016
Emergent Weyl Fermion Excitations in TaP Explored by Ta 181 Quadrupole Resonance Yasuoka, H.; Kubo, T.; Kishimoto, Y. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 118, Issue 23 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.118.236403	journal	June 2017
Extremely Large Magnetoresistance in a Topological Semimetal Candidate Pyrite PtBi 2 Gao, Wenshuai; Hao, Ningning; Zheng, Fa-Wei Physical Review Letters, Vol. 118, Issue 25 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.118.256601	journal	June 2017
Breakdown of the Chiral Anomaly in Weyl Semimetals in a Strong Magnetic Field Kim, Pilkwang; Ryoo, Ji Hoon; Park, Cheol-Hwan Physical Review Letters, Vol. 119, Issue 26 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.119.266401	journal	December 2017
Bulk Fermi Surfaces of the Dirac Type-II Semimetallic Candidates M Al 3 (Where M = V , Nb, and Ta) Chen, K. -W.; Lian, X.; Lai, Y. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 120, Issue 20 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.120.206401	journal	May 2018
Orbital Fingerprint of Topological Fermi Arcs in the Weyl Semimetal TaP Min, Chul-Hee; Bentmann, Hendrik; Neu, Jennifer N. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 122, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevlett.122.116402	journal	March 2019
Quantum oscillations and coherent interlayer transport in a new topological Dirac semimetal candidate YbMnSb 2 Wang, Yi-Yan; Xu, Sheng; Sun, Lin-Lin Physical Review Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevmaterials.2.021201	journal	February 2018
Topological phonons and thermoelectricity in triple-point metals Singh, Sobhit; Wu, QuanSheng; Yue, Changming Physical Review Materials, Vol. 2, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevmaterials.2.114204	journal	November 2018
Optoelectronic response of the type-I Weyl semimetals TaAs and NbAs from first principles Garcia, Christina A. C.; Coulter, Jennifer; Narang, Prineha Physical Review Research, Vol. 2, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevresearch.2.013073	journal	January 2020
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Pairing in doped inversion-symmetric Weyl semimetals: a finite temperature analysis from Thouless criterion Huang, Beibing The European Physical Journal B, Vol. 90, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1140/epjb/e2017-80238-9	journal	July 2017
Creating stable Floquet–Weyl semimetals by laser-driving of 3D Dirac materials Hübener, Hannes; Sentef, Michael A.; De Giovannini, Umberto Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg https://doi.org/10.3204/pubdb-2017-10018	text	January 2017
Pressure-induced Lifshitz and structural transitions in NbAs and TaAs: experiments and theory Gupta, Satyendra Nath; Singh, Anjali; Pal, Koushik Deutsches Elektronen-Synchrotron, DESY, Hamburg https://doi.org/10.3204/pubdb-2019-00288	text	January 2018
Growth and Strain Engineering of Trigonal Te for Topological Quantum Phases in Non-Symmorphic Chiral Crystals Basnet, Rabindra; Doha, M.; Hironaka, Takayuki Crystals, Vol. 9, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.3390/cryst9100486	journal	September 2019
Field-effect transistor based on surface negative refraction in Weyl nanowire Chen, Guangze; Chen, Wei; Zilberberg, Oded ETH Zurich https://doi.org/10.3929/ethz-b-000392381	text	January 2020
Electromagnetic fields and anomalous transports in heavy-ion collisions --- A pedagogical review Huang, Xu-Guang arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1509.04073	text	January 2015
Spin polarization and texture of the Fermi arcs in the Weyl Fermion semimetal TaAs Xu, Su-Yang; Belopolski, Ilya; Sanchez, Daniel S. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1510.08430	text	January 2015
Dielectric response and novel electromagnetic modes in three-dimensional Dirac semimetal films Kotov, Oleg V.; Lozovik, Yurii E. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1602.03156	text	January 2016
Two-Dimensional Node-Line Semimetals in a Honeycomb-Kagome Lattice Lu, J. L.; Luo, W.; Li, X. Y. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1603.04596	text	January 2016
Topological Semimetals Predicted from First-principles Calculations Weng, Hongming; Dai, Xi; Fang, Zhong arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1603.04744	text	January 2016
Collective modes in multi-Weyl semimetals Ahn, Seongjin; Hwang, E. H.; Min, Hongki arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1604.02989	text	January 2016
Coexistence of Weyl Physics and Planar Defects in Semimetals TaP and TaAs Besara, Tiglet; Rhodes, Daniel A.; Chen, Kuan-Wen arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1606.05178	text	January 2016
Mesoscopic superconductivity and high spin polarization coexisting at metallic point contacts on the Weyl semimetal TaAs Aggarwal, Leena; Gayen, Sirshendu; Das, Shekhar arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1607.05131	text	January 2016
Weyl points and topological nodal superfluids in a face-centered cubic optical lattice Lang, Li-Jun; Zhang, Shao-Liang; Law, K. T. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1611.08671	text	January 2016
Josephson effect in a Weyl SNS junction Madsen, Kevin A.; Bergholtz, Emil J.; Brouwer, Piet W. arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1612.03734	text	January 2016
Electron scattering in tantalum monoarsenide Zhang, Cheng-Long; Yuan, Zhujun; Jiang, Qing-Dong arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1702.01245	text	January 2017
Weyl and Dirac Semimetals in Three Dimensional Solids Armitage, N. P.; Mele, E. J.; Vishwanath, Ashvin arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1705.01111	text	January 2017
The semiclassical theory of anomalous transport in type-II topological Weyl semimetals McCormick, Timothy M.; McKay, Robert C.; Trivedi, Nandini arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1707.06222	text	January 2017
Ultrahigh lattice thermal conductivity in topological semimetal TaN caused by large acoustic-optical gap Guo, San-Dong; Liu, Bang-Gui arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1711.06958	text	January 2017
Chiral Optical Response of Multifold Fermions Flicker, Felix; de Juan, Fernando; Bradlyn, Barry arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1806.09642	text	January 2018
Long Range Intrinsic Ferromagnetism in Two Dimensional Materials and Dissipationless Future Technologies Shabbir, Babar; Nadeem, Muhammad; Dai, Zhigao arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1810.09053	text	January 2018
Magnetotransport properties and giant anomalous Hall angle in half-Heusler compound TbPtBi Singha, Ratnadwip; Roy, Shubhankar; Pariari, Arnab arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1901.09534	text	January 2019
Field theory approach to the quantum transport in Weyl semimetals Burrello, Michele; Guadagnini, Enore; Lepori, Luca arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1907.01337	text	January 2019
Growth and Strain Engineering of Trigonal Te for Topological Quantum Phases in Non-Symmorphic Chiral Crystals Basnet, Rabindra; Doha, M. Hasan; Hironaka, Takayuki arXiv https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.1910.02328	preprint	January 2019
Magnetic-tunnelling-induced Weyl node annihilation in TaP Zhang, Cheng-Long; Xu, Su-Yang; Wang, C. M. Nature Publishing Group https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-141672	text	January 2017
Topological Nonsymmorphic Metals from Band Inversion Muechler, Lukas; Alexandradinata, A.; Neupert, Titus American Physical Society https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-141676	text	January 2016
Topological phonons and thermoelectricity in triple-point metals Singh, Sobhit; Wu, QuanSheng; Yue, Changming American Physical Society https://doi.org/10.5167/uzh-159715	text	January 2018

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