Electrocatalytic transformation of HF impurity to H2 and LiF in lithium-ion batteries

Strmcnik, Dusan; Castelli, Ivano E.; Connell, Justin G.; Haering, Dominik; Zorko, Milena; Martins, Pedro; Lopes, Pietro P.; Genorio, Bostjan; Ostergaard, Thomas; Gasteiger, Hubert A.; Maglia, Filippo; Antonopoulos, Byron K.; Stamenkovic, Vojislav R.; Rossmeisl, Jan; Markovic, Nenad M.

doi:10.1038/s41929-018-0047-z

Title: Electrocatalytic transformation of HF impurity to H₂ and LiF in lithium-ion batteries

Journal Article · 09 April 2018 · Nature Catalysis

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41929-018-0047-z · OSTI ID:1433882

Strmcnik, Dusan ^[1];

^[2];

^[1]; Haering, Dominik ^[3]; Zorko, Milena ^[1];

^[1];

^[1]; Genorio, Bostjan ^[1]; Ostergaard, Thomas ^[2]; Gasteiger, Hubert A. ^[3]; Maglia, Filippo ^[4];

^[4]; Stamenkovic, Vojislav R. ^[1]; Rossmeisl, Jan ^[2]; Markovic, Nenad M. ^[1]

Argonne National Lab. (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States). Materials Science Division
Univ. of Copenhagen (Denmark). Nano-Science Center. Dept. of Chemistry
Technical Univ. of Munich (Germany). Chair of Technical Electrochemistry. Dept. of Chemistry. Catalysis Research Center
BMW Group, Munich (Germany). Battery Cell Technology

The formation of solid electrolyte interphase on graphite anodes plays a key role in the efficiency of Li-ion batteries. However, to date, fundamental understanding of the formation of LiF as one of the main solid electrolyte interphase components in hexafluorophosphate-based electrolytes remains elusive. In this paper, we present experimental and theoretical evidence that LiF formation is an electrocatalytic process that is controlled by the electrochemical transformation of HF impurity to LiF and H₂. Although the kinetics of HF dissociation and the concomitant production of LiF and H₂ is dependent on the structure and nature of surface atoms, the underlying electrochemistry is the same. The morphology, and thus the role, of the LiF formed is strongly dependent on the nature of the substrate and HF inventory, leading to either complete or partial passivation of the interface. Finally, our finding is of general importance and may lead to new opportunities for the improvement of existing, and design of new, Li-ion technologies.

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Research Organization:: Argonne National Laboratory (ANL), Argonne, IL (United States); BMW Group, Munich (Germany)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); BMW Technology Corporation (Germany)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1433882

Journal Information:: Nature Catalysis, Vol. 1, Issue 4; ISSN 2520-1158

Publisher:: Springer NatureCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 114 works

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Title: Electrocatalytic transformation of HF impurity to H2 and LiF in lithium-ion batteries

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Title: Electrocatalytic transformation of HF impurity to H₂ and LiF in lithium-ion batteries