Novel mechanisms for solid-state processing and grain growth with microstructure alignment in alnico-8 based permanent magnets
Abstract
An estimated 750,000 new hybrid electric and plug-in battery vehicles, most with permanent magnet synchronous alternating current (PMAC) drive motors, took to the road in 2016 alone. Accompanied by 40% year over year growth in the EV market significant challenges exist in producing large quantities of permanent magnets (on the order of tens of millions) for reliable, low-cost traction motors [IE Agency, Energy Technology Perspectives (2017)]. Since the rare earth permanent magnet (REPM) market is essentially 100% net import reliant in the United States and has proven to have an unstable cost and supply structure in recent years, a replacement RE-free PM material must be designed or selected, fully developed, and implemented. Alnico, with its high saturation magnetization and excellent thermal stability, appears to be uniquely suited for this task. Further, while alnico typically has been considered a relatively low coercivity hard magnet, strides have been made to increase the coercivity to levels suitable for traction drive motors [W Tang, IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (2015)]. If a simple non-cast approach for achieving near [001] easy axis grain aligned permanent magnets can be found, this would allow massproduced final-shape anisotropic high energy product magnets suitable for usage in compact high RPMmore »
- Authors:
-
[1];
- Ames Lab. and Iowa State Univ., Ames, IA (United States)
- Ames Lab., Ames, IA (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Ames Lab., Ames, IA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1433667
- Report Number(s):
- IS-J-9627
Journal ID: ISSN 2158-3226
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-07CH11358
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- AIP Advances
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 8; Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 2158-3226
- Publisher:
- American Institute of Physics (AIP)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 42 ENGINEERING
Citation Formats
Kassen, Aaron G., White, Emma M. H., Hu, Liangfa, Tang, Wei, Zhou, Lin, Kramer, Matthew J., and Anderson, Iver E.. Novel mechanisms for solid-state processing and grain growth with microstructure alignment in alnico-8 based permanent magnets. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1063/1.5007850.
Kassen, Aaron G., White, Emma M. H., Hu, Liangfa, Tang, Wei, Zhou, Lin, Kramer, Matthew J., & Anderson, Iver E.. Novel mechanisms for solid-state processing and grain growth with microstructure alignment in alnico-8 based permanent magnets. United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5007850
Kassen, Aaron G., White, Emma M. H., Hu, Liangfa, Tang, Wei, Zhou, Lin, Kramer, Matthew J., and Anderson, Iver E.. Thu .
"Novel mechanisms for solid-state processing and grain growth with microstructure alignment in alnico-8 based permanent magnets". United States. https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5007850. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1433667.
@article{osti_1433667,
title = {Novel mechanisms for solid-state processing and grain growth with microstructure alignment in alnico-8 based permanent magnets},
author = {Kassen, Aaron G. and White, Emma M. H. and Hu, Liangfa and Tang, Wei and Zhou, Lin and Kramer, Matthew J. and Anderson, Iver E.},
abstractNote = {An estimated 750,000 new hybrid electric and plug-in battery vehicles, most with permanent magnet synchronous alternating current (PMAC) drive motors, took to the road in 2016 alone. Accompanied by 40% year over year growth in the EV market significant challenges exist in producing large quantities of permanent magnets (on the order of tens of millions) for reliable, low-cost traction motors [IE Agency, Energy Technology Perspectives (2017)]. Since the rare earth permanent magnet (REPM) market is essentially 100% net import reliant in the United States and has proven to have an unstable cost and supply structure in recent years, a replacement RE-free PM material must be designed or selected, fully developed, and implemented. Alnico, with its high saturation magnetization and excellent thermal stability, appears to be uniquely suited for this task. Further, while alnico typically has been considered a relatively low coercivity hard magnet, strides have been made to increase the coercivity to levels suitable for traction drive motors [W Tang, IEEE Trans. Magn., 51 (2015)]. If a simple non-cast approach for achieving near [001] easy axis grain aligned permanent magnets can be found, this would allow massproduced final-shape anisotropic high energy product magnets suitable for usage in compact high RPM rotor designs. Therefore, a powder metallurgical approach is being explored that uses classic compression molding with “de-bind and sinter” methods, where a novel applied uniaxial loading, and an applied magnetic field may create final-shape magnets with highly textured resulting microstructures by two different mechanisms. Results indicate a positive correlation between applied uniaxial load and resulting texture (Fig. 1), along with benefits from using an applied magnetic field for improved texture, as well. Lastly, the apparent mechanisms and resulting properties will be described using closed loop hysteresisgraph measurements, EBSD orientation mapping, and high-resolution SEM.},
doi = {10.1063/1.5007850},
journal = {AIP Advances},
number = 5,
volume = 8,
place = {United States},
year = {2017},
month = {12}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Relation between magnetic properties and crystallographic texture of columnar Alnico 8 permanent magnets
journal, September 1978
- Durand-Charre, M.; Bronner, C.; Lagarde, J. -P.
- IEEE Transactions on Magnetics, Vol. 14, Issue 5
Magnetic Materials and Devices for the 21st Century: Stronger, Lighter, and More Energy Efficient
journal, December 2010
- Gutfleisch, Oliver; Willard, Matthew A.; Brück, Ekkes
- Advanced Materials, Vol. 23, Issue 7
Role of the Applied Magnetic Field on the Microstructural Evolution in Alnico 8 Alloys
journal, January 2014
- Zhou, Lin; Miller, M. K.; Dillon, H.
- Metallurgical and Materials Transactions E, Vol. 1, Issue 1
Architecture and magnetism of alnico
journal, August 2014
- Zhou, Lin; Miller, M. K.; Lu, Ping
- Acta Materialia, Vol. 74
Novel pre-alloyed powder processing of modified alnico 8: Correlation of microstructure and magnetic properties
journal, May 2015
- Anderson, I. E.; Kassen, A. G.; White, E. M. H.
- Journal of Applied Physics, Vol. 117, Issue 17
Highly tuned gas atomization for controlled preparation of coarse powder. Hochleistungsgasverdüsung für die gezielte Präparation grober Pulver
journal, July 2010
- Anderson, I. E.; Byrd, D.; Meyer, J.
- Materialwissenschaft und Werkstofftechnik, Vol. 41, Issue 7, p. 504-512
Compression Molding and Novel Sintering Treatments for Alnico Type-8 Permanent Magnets in Near-Final Shape with Preferred Orientation
journal, July 2017
- Kassen, Aaron G.; White, Emma M. H.; Tang, Wei
- JOM, Vol. 69, Issue 9
Prospects for Non-Rare Earth Permanent Magnets for Traction Motors and Generators
journal, June 2012
- Kramer, M. J.; McCallum, R. W.; Anderson, I. A.
- JOM, Vol. 64, Issue 7
Works referencing / citing this record:
Evaluation of the Development Capability of the New Energy Vehicle Industry: An Empirical Study from China
journal, May 2019
- Meng, Fansheng; Jin, Xiaoye
- Sustainability, Vol. 11, Issue 9