Can high-Tc superconductivity in cuprates be explained by the conventional BCS theory?

Bozovic, Ivan; Bollinger, A. T.; He, X.

doi:10.1063/1.5037554

Title: Can high-Tc superconductivity in cuprates be explained by the conventional BCS theory?

Abstract

For overdoped cuprates, it is believed that the normal state behaves as an ordinary Fermi liquid while the superconducting state conforms to the BCS theory. We have put these beliefs to the test by a comprehensive experiment in which over two thousand cuprate films were synthesized by molecular beam epitaxy and studied in great detail and precision. Here in this paper, we compare our key experimental results to various proposed explanations based on BCS theory extended to dirty d-wave superconductors, including the cases of strong (unitary) and weak (Born) scattering on impurities. The discrepancies seem insurmountable, and point to the need to develop the theory further, likely beyond the canonical BCS paradigm.

Authors:

^[1]; Bollinger, A. T. ^[2]; He, X. ^[1]

Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States); Yale Univ., New Haven, CT (United States); Applied Physics Dept.
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Publication Date:: Tue May 01 00:00:00 EDT 2018

Research Org.:: Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation

OSTI Identifier:: 1431457

Report Number(s):: BNL-203467-2018-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 1063-777X; TRN: US1802327

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704; GBMF4410

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Low Temperature Physics

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 44; Journal Issue: 6; Journal ID: ISSN 1063-777X

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY; Superconductivity; cuprates; molecular beam epitaxy; BCS theory

Citation Formats


                    Bozovic, Ivan, Bollinger, A. T., and He, X. Can high-Tc superconductivity in cuprates be explained by the conventional BCS theory?.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1063/1.5037554.

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                    Bozovic, Ivan, Bollinger, A. T., & He, X. Can high-Tc superconductivity in cuprates be explained by the conventional BCS theory?.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5037554

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                    Bozovic, Ivan, Bollinger, A. T., and He, X. Tue .  
"Can high-Tc superconductivity in cuprates be explained by the conventional BCS theory?".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5037554.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1431457.

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@article{osti_1431457,

  title        = {Can high-Tc superconductivity in cuprates be explained by the conventional BCS theory?},

  author       = {Bozovic, Ivan and Bollinger, A. T. and He, X.},

  abstractNote = {For overdoped cuprates, it is believed that the normal state behaves as an ordinary Fermi liquid while the superconducting state conforms to the BCS theory. We have put these beliefs to the test by a comprehensive experiment in which over two thousand cuprate films were synthesized by molecular beam epitaxy and studied in great detail and precision. Here in this paper, we compare our key experimental results to various proposed explanations based on BCS theory extended to dirty d-wave superconductors, including the cases of strong (unitary) and weak (Born) scattering on impurities. The discrepancies seem insurmountable, and point to the need to develop the theory further, likely beyond the canonical BCS paradigm.},

  doi          = {10.1063/1.5037554},

  journal      = {Low Temperature Physics},

  number       = 6,

  volume       = 44,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Tue May 01 00:00:00 EDT 2018},

  month        = {Tue May 01 00:00:00 EDT 2018}

}

Copy to clipboard

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Works referencing / citing this record:

The Vanishing Superfluid Density in Cuprates—and Why It Matters
journal, July 2018

Božović, I.; He, X.; Wu, J.
Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, Vol. 31, Issue 9
DOI: 10.1007/s10948-018-4792-7

Parabolic Scaling in Overdoped Cuprate Films
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Tao, Yong
Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, Vol. 32, Issue 12
DOI: 10.1007/s10948-019-05179-5

Parabolic Scaling in Overdoped Cuprate: a Statistical Field Theory Approach
journal, January 2020

Tao, Yong
Journal of Superconductivity and Novel Magnetism, Vol. 33, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1007/s10948-019-05337-9

Parabolic scaling in overdoped cuprate films
text, January 2019

Tao, Yong
Unpublished
DOI: 10.13140/rg.2.2.16768.48646

Parabolic scaling in overdoped cuprate: a statistical field theory approach
text, January 2019

Tao, Yong
Unpublished
DOI: 10.13140/rg.2.2.21745.84320

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Journal Article Zhou, X J - Submitted to Book Chapter in Handbook of High-Temperature Superconductivity: Theory and Experiment (2007)

In addition to the record high superconducting transition temperature (T{sub c}), high temperature cuprate superconductors are characterized by their unusual superconducting properties below T{sub c}, and anomalous normal state properties above T{sub c}. In the superconducting state, although it has long been realized that superconductivity still involves Cooper pairs, as in the traditional BCS theory, the experimentally determined d-wave pairing is different from the usual s-wave pairing found in conventional superconductors. The identification of the pairing mechanism in cuprate superconductors remains an outstanding issue. The normal state properties, particularly in the underdoped region, have been found to be at oddmore »« less
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The simple generalized BCS-type model for the acoustic plasmon induced d-wave superconductivity in high-[Tc] layered cuprate compounds

Conference Semenov, A V - International Journal of Modern Physics B

A simple analytically treated model is presented for high-[Tc] superconductivity in layered cuprate compounds. This model assumes a cylindrical Fermi-surface with circular cross-section, but anisotropic Fermi-velocity (density of states), which is approximated by a step-like function on azimuth angle. The system under these assumptions is shown to support in the long wavelength limit collective charge-density excitations with acoustic spectrum (acoustic plasmons), which suppress the Coulomb interelectron repulsion for small transferred momenta. This result leads to the second essential feature of the proposed model: besides the standard assumptions of the BCS scheme the effective potential of interelectron interaction is characterized bymore »« less
Locating the Missing Superconducting Electrons in the Overdoped Cuprates ${La}_{2 - x} {Sr}_{x} {CuO}_{4}$ [Locating the Missing Superconducting Electrons in Overdoped Cuprates]

Journal Article Mahmood, Fahad ; He, Xi ; Božović, Ivan ; ... - Physical Review Letters

Overdoped high-temperature cuprate superconductors have often been understood within the standard BCS framework of superconductivity. However, measurements in a variety of overdoped cuprates indicate that the superfluid density is much smaller than expected from BCS theory and decreases smoothly to zero as the doping is increased. Here, we combine time-domain THz spectroscopy with kHz range mutual inductance measurements on the same overdoped La_2–xSr_xCuO₄ films to determine the total, superfluid, and uncondensed spectral weight as a function of doping. A significant fraction of the carriers remains uncondensed in a wide Drude-like peak as T → 0, while the superfluid density remainsmore »« less
Cited by 44
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.122.027003

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Title: Can high-Tc superconductivity in cuprates be explained by the conventional BCS theory?

Abstract

Citation Formats

A universal scaling relation in high-temperature superconductors journal, July 2004

Possible Pairing without Superconductivity at Low Carrier Concentrations in Bulk and Thin-Film Superconducting Semiconductors journal, October 1969

Persistence of the Superconducting Condensate Far above the Critical Temperature of YBa 2 ( Cu , Zn ) 3 O y Revealed by c -Axis Optical Conductivity Measurements for Several Zn Concentrations and Carrier Doping Levels journal, March 2014

Nodal quasiparticle lifetimes in cuprate superconductors journal, December 2005

BCS–BEC crossover: From high temperature superconductors to ultracold superfluids journal, June 2005

Spontaneous breaking of rotational symmetry in copper oxide superconductors journal, July 2017

Scaling of the superfluid density in high-temperature superconductors journal, October 2005

Low-energy electronic structure of the high- T c cuprates La 2− x Sr x CuO 4 studied by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy journal, March 2007

Point nodes persisting far beyond Tc in Bi2212 journal, July 2015

Effect of strong scattering on the low-temperature penetration depth of a d -wave superconductor journal, August 1993

Muon spin rotation study of the correlation between T c and n s / m * in overdoped Tl 2 Ba 2 CuO 6 + δ journal, September 1993

London penetration depth of superconductors having lifetime broadened density of states journal, July 1988

Bose condensation in an attractive fermion gas: From weak to strong coupling superconductivity journal, May 1985

High-temperature interface superconductivity between metallic and insulating copper oxides journal, October 2008

Superconducting electrons go missing journal, August 2016

Vortex-like excitations and the onset of superconducting phase fluctuation in underdoped La2-xSrxCuO4 journal, August 2000

Prepairing and the “filling” gap in the cuprates from the tomographic density of states journal, February 2013

Magnetic-field penetration depth in TI2Ba2CuO6+δ in the overdoped regime journal, August 1993

Critical Temperature of Interacting Bose Gases in Two and Three Dimensions journal, April 2008

Superconductor–insulator transition in La2 − xSr x CuO4 at the pair quantum resistance journal, April 2011

Hall effect in quantum critical charge-cluster glass journal, April 2016

Disorder and superfluid density in overdoped cuprate superconductors journal, July 2017

Search for ferromagnetic order in overdoped copper-oxide superconductors journal, April 2017

Persistence of magnetic excitations in La2−xSrxCuO4 from the undoped insulator to the heavily overdoped non-superconducting metal journal, August 2013

Emergence of superconductivity from the dynamically heterogeneous insulating state in La2−xSrxCuO4 journal, November 2012

Sum rules and energy scales in the high-temperature superconductor YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6 + x journal, January 2004

Bound Fermion states on a vortex line in a type II superconductor journal, May 1964

Effective Hamiltonian for the superconducting Cu oxides journal, March 1988

Weak phase stiffness and nature of the quantum critical point in underdoped cuprates journal, November 2015

Fermi surface and electronic homogeneity of the overdoped cuprate superconductor Tl 2 Ba 2 CuO 6 + δ as revealed by quantum oscillations journal, October 2010

Temporal correlations of superconductivity above the transition temperature in La2−xSrxCuO4 probed by terahertz spectroscopy journal, February 2011

Spin excitations in a single La2CuO4 layer journal, September 2012

Homes scaling and BCS journal, June 2013

The Resonating Valence Bond State in La2CuO4 and Superconductivity journal, March 1987

The physics behind high-temperature superconducting cuprates: the plain vanilla version of RVB journal, June 2004

Fluctuating charge-density waves in a cuprate superconductor journal, February 2013

Observation of Caroli–de Gennes–Matricon Vortex States in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 − δ journal, December 2017

Effect of magnetic impurities on suppression of the transition temperature in disordered superconductors journal, September 2000

Angle-resolved photoemission studies of the cuprate superconductors journal, April 2003

Observation of Pair Condensation in the Quasi-2D BEC-BCS Crossover journal, June 2015

Consistent two-lifetime model for spectral functions of superconductors journal, March 2017

Anomalous independence of interface superconductivity from carrier density journal, August 2013

Theory of dirty superconductors journal, September 1959

Dilute Bose gas in two dimensions journal, April 1988

Phase-fluctuating superconductivity in overdoped La2−xSrxCuO4 journal, March 2011

From quantum matter to high-temperature superconductivity in copper oxides journal, February 2015

Electron pairs for HTSC journal, January 2004

Competing ferromagnetism in high-temperature copper oxide superconductors journal, April 2007

Vanishing of phase coherence in underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ journal, March 1999

Theory of Superconductivity journal, December 1957

Applying BCS–BEC crossover theory to high-temperature superconductors and ultracold atomic Fermi gases (Review Article) journal, April 2006

Evolution of Fermion Pairing from Three to Two Dimensions journal, January 2012

High-Temperature Superconductivity in a Single Copper-Oxygen Plane journal, October 2009

Separating pairing from quantum phase coherence dynamics above the superconducting transition by femtosecond spectroscopy journal, July 2014

Erratum: Nodal quasiparticle lifetimes in cuprate superconductors [Phys. Rev. B 72 , 214512 (2005)] journal, October 2007

Evidence for precursor superconducting pairing above T c in underdoped cuprates from an analysis of the in-plane infrared response journal, May 2015

Diamagnetism and Cooper pairing above T c in cuprates journal, February 2010

Onset of the vortexlike Nernst signal above T c in La 2 − x Sr x CuO 4 and Bi 2 Sr 2 − y La y CuO 6 journal, November 2001

Crossover from Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer to Bose-Einstein Condensation and the Unitary Fermi Gas journal, March 2014

Superconductivity for Particular Theorists journal, January 1986

Dependence of the critical temperature in overdoped copper oxides on superfluid density journal, August 2016

Scaling relation for the superfluid density of cuprate superconductors: Origins and limits journal, May 2006

Microwave spectroscopy of thermally excited quasiparticles in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6.99 journal, July 1999

Temperature range of superconducting fluctuations above T c in YBa 2 Cu 3 O 7 − δ single crystals journal, April 2011

Nernst effect in high- T c superconductors journal, January 2006

Atomic-layer engineering of superconducting oxides: yesterday, today, tomorrow journal, March 2001

Doping a Mott insulator: Physics of high-temperature superconductivity journal, January 2006

Incoherent superconductivity well above ${T}_{{\rm{c}}}$ in high-${T}_{{\rm{c}}}$ cuprates—harmonizing the spectroscopic and thermodynamic data journal, July 2017

Superfluid Density in a Highly Underdoped YBa 2 Cu 3 O 6 + y Superconductor journal, December 2007

Importance of phase fluctuations in superconductors with small superfluid density journal, March 1995

Emergence of a molecular Bose–Einstein condensate from a Fermi gas journal, November 2003

Quantum oscillations in an overdoped high-Tc superconductor journal, October 2008

Theory of Superconductivity journal, May 1965

Emergence of superconductivity from the dynamically heterogeneous insulating state in La_{2-x}Sr_{x}CuO_{4} text, January 2012

Weak phase stiffness and nature of the quantum critical point in underdoped cuprates text, January 2013

Persistence of magnetic excitations in La2-xSrxCuO4 from the undoped insulator to the heavily overdoped non-superconducting metal text, January 2013

Homes scaling and BCS text, January 2013

A universal scaling relation in high-temperature superconductors
journal, July 2004

Possible Pairing without Superconductivity at Low Carrier Concentrations in Bulk and Thin-Film Superconducting Semiconductors
journal, October 1969

Persistence of the Superconducting Condensate Far above the Critical Temperature of ${YBa}_{2} (Cu, Zn)_{3} O_{y}$ Revealed by $c$ -Axis Optical Conductivity Measurements for Several Zn Concentrations and Carrier Doping Levels
journal, March 2014

Nodal quasiparticle lifetimes in cuprate superconductors
journal, December 2005

BCS–BEC crossover: From high temperature superconductors to ultracold superfluids
journal, June 2005

Spontaneous breaking of rotational symmetry in copper oxide superconductors
journal, July 2017

Scaling of the superfluid density in high-temperature superconductors
journal, October 2005

Low-energy electronic structure of the high- T _c cuprates La _{2− x} Sr _x CuO ₄ studied by angle-resolved photoemission spectroscopy
journal, March 2007

Point nodes persisting far beyond Tc in Bi2212
journal, July 2015

Effect of strong scattering on the low-temperature penetration depth of a d -wave superconductor
journal, August 1993

Muon spin rotation study of the correlation between $T_{c}$ and $n_{s}$ / $m^{*}$ in overdoped ${Tl}_{2}$ ${Ba}_{2}$ ${CuO}_{6 + δ}$
journal, September 1993

London penetration depth of superconductors having lifetime broadened density of states
journal, July 1988

Bose condensation in an attractive fermion gas: From weak to strong coupling superconductivity
journal, May 1985

High-temperature interface superconductivity between metallic and insulating copper oxides
journal, October 2008

Superconducting electrons go missing
journal, August 2016

Vortex-like excitations and the onset of superconducting phase fluctuation in underdoped La2-xSrxCuO4
journal, August 2000

Prepairing and the “filling” gap in the cuprates from the tomographic density of states
journal, February 2013

Magnetic-field penetration depth in TI2Ba2CuO6+δ in the overdoped regime
journal, August 1993

Critical Temperature of Interacting Bose Gases in Two and Three Dimensions
journal, April 2008

Superconductor–insulator transition in La2 − xSr x CuO4 at the pair quantum resistance
journal, April 2011

Hall effect in quantum critical charge-cluster glass
journal, April 2016

Disorder and superfluid density in overdoped cuprate superconductors
journal, July 2017

Search for ferromagnetic order in overdoped copper-oxide superconductors
journal, April 2017

Persistence of magnetic excitations in La2−xSrxCuO4 from the undoped insulator to the heavily overdoped non-superconducting metal
journal, August 2013

Emergence of superconductivity from the dynamically heterogeneous insulating state in La2−xSrxCuO4
journal, November 2012

Sum rules and energy scales in the high-temperature superconductor ${YBa}_{2} {Cu}_{3} O_{6 + x}$
journal, January 2004

Bound Fermion states on a vortex line in a type II superconductor
journal, May 1964

Effective Hamiltonian for the superconducting Cu oxides
journal, March 1988

Weak phase stiffness and nature of the quantum critical point in underdoped cuprates
journal, November 2015

Fermi surface and electronic homogeneity of the overdoped cuprate superconductor ${Tl}_{2} {Ba}_{2} {CuO}_{6 + δ}$ as revealed by quantum oscillations
journal, October 2010

Temporal correlations of superconductivity above the transition temperature in La2−xSrxCuO4 probed by terahertz spectroscopy
journal, February 2011

Spin excitations in a single La2CuO4 layer
journal, September 2012

Homes scaling and BCS
journal, June 2013

The Resonating Valence Bond State in La2CuO4 and Superconductivity
journal, March 1987

The physics behind high-temperature superconducting cuprates: the plain vanilla version of RVB
journal, June 2004

Fluctuating charge-density waves in a cuprate superconductor
journal, February 2013

Observation of Caroli–de Gennes–Matricon Vortex States in ${YBa}_{2} {Cu}_{3} O_{7 - δ}$
journal, December 2017

Effect of magnetic impurities on suppression of the transition temperature in disordered superconductors
journal, September 2000

Angle-resolved photoemission studies of the cuprate superconductors
journal, April 2003

Observation of Pair Condensation in the Quasi-2D BEC-BCS Crossover
journal, June 2015

Consistent two-lifetime model for spectral functions of superconductors
journal, March 2017

Anomalous independence of interface superconductivity from carrier density
journal, August 2013

Theory of dirty superconductors
journal, September 1959

Dilute Bose gas in two dimensions
journal, April 1988

Phase-fluctuating superconductivity in overdoped La2−xSrxCuO4
journal, March 2011

From quantum matter to high-temperature superconductivity in copper oxides
journal, February 2015

Electron pairs for HTSC
journal, January 2004

Competing ferromagnetism in high-temperature copper oxide superconductors
journal, April 2007

Vanishing of phase coherence in underdoped Bi2Sr2CaCu2O8+δ
journal, March 1999

Theory of Superconductivity
journal, December 1957

Applying BCS–BEC crossover theory to high-temperature superconductors and ultracold atomic Fermi gases (Review Article)
journal, April 2006

Evolution of Fermion Pairing from Three to Two Dimensions
journal, January 2012

High-Temperature Superconductivity in a Single Copper-Oxygen Plane
journal, October 2009

Separating pairing from quantum phase coherence dynamics above the superconducting transition by femtosecond spectroscopy
journal, July 2014

Erratum: Nodal quasiparticle lifetimes in cuprate superconductors [Phys. Rev. B 72 , 214512 (2005)]
journal, October 2007

Evidence for precursor superconducting pairing above T _c in underdoped cuprates from an analysis of the in-plane infrared response
journal, May 2015

Diamagnetism and Cooper pairing above $T_{c}$ in cuprates
journal, February 2010

Onset of the vortexlike Nernst signal above $T_{c}$ in ${La}_{2 - x} {Sr}_{x} {CuO}_{4}$ and ${Bi}_{2} {Sr}_{2 - y} {La}_{y} {CuO}_{6}$
journal, November 2001

Crossover from Bardeen-Cooper-Schrieffer to Bose-Einstein Condensation and the Unitary Fermi Gas
journal, March 2014

Superconductivity for Particular Theorists
journal, January 1986

Dependence of the critical temperature in overdoped copper oxides on superfluid density
journal, August 2016

Scaling relation for the superfluid density of cuprate superconductors: Origins and limits
journal, May 2006

Microwave spectroscopy of thermally excited quasiparticles in ${YBa}_{2} {Cu}_{3} O_{6.99}$
journal, July 1999

Temperature range of superconducting fluctuations above $T_{c}$ in YBa $_{2}$ Cu $_{3}$ O $_{7 - δ}$ single crystals
journal, April 2011

Nernst effect in high- $T_{c}$ superconductors
journal, January 2006

Atomic-layer engineering of superconducting oxides: yesterday, today, tomorrow
journal, March 2001

Doping a Mott insulator: Physics of high-temperature superconductivity
journal, January 2006

Incoherent superconductivity well above ${T}_{{\rm{c}}}$ in high-${T}_{{\rm{c}}}$ cuprates—harmonizing the spectroscopic and thermodynamic data
journal, July 2017

Superfluid Density in a Highly Underdoped ${YBa}_{2} {Cu}_{3} O_{6 + y}$ Superconductor
journal, December 2007

Importance of phase fluctuations in superconductors with small superfluid density
journal, March 1995

Emergence of a molecular Bose–Einstein condensate from a Fermi gas
journal, November 2003

Quantum oscillations in an overdoped high-Tc superconductor
journal, October 2008

Theory of Superconductivity
journal, May 1965

Emergence of superconductivity from the dynamically heterogeneous insulating state in La_{2-x}Sr_{x}CuO_{4}
text, January 2012

Weak phase stiffness and nature of the quantum critical point in underdoped cuprates
text, January 2013

Persistence of magnetic excitations in La2-xSrxCuO4 from the undoped insulator to the heavily overdoped non-superconducting metal
text, January 2013

Homes scaling and BCS
text, January 2013

Persistence of superconducting condensate far above the critical temperature in YBa$_2$(Cu,Zn)$_3$O$_y$ revealed by $c$-axis optical conductivity measurements for several Zn concentrations and carrier doping levels
text, January 2014

Consistent two-lifetime model for spectral functions of superconductors
text, January 2017

Scaling of the superfluid density in high-temperature superconductors
text, January 2004