The case for electron re-acceleration at galaxy cluster shocks
Abstract
On the largest scales, the Universe consists of voids and filaments making up the cosmic web. Galaxy clusters are located at the knots in this web, at the intersection of filaments. Clusters grow through accretion from these large-scale filaments and by mergers with other clusters and groups. In a growing number of galaxy clusters, elongated Mpc-sized radio sources have been found. Also known as radio relics, these regions of diffuse radio emission are thought to trace relativistic electrons in the intracluster plasma accelerated by low-Mach-number shocks generated by cluster–cluster merger events. A long-standing problem is how low-Mach-number shocks can accelerate electrons so efficiently to explain the observed radio relics. Here, we report the discovery of a direct connection between a radio relic and a radio galaxy in the merging galaxy cluster Abell 3411–3412 by combining radio, X-ray and optical observations. This discovery indicates that fossil relativistic electrons from active galactic nuclei are re-accelerated at cluster shocks. Lastly, it also implies that radio galaxies play an important role in governing the non-thermal component of the intracluster medium in merging clusters.
- Authors:
-
[1];
[6];
[9];
[10];
[13];
- Harvard-Smithsonian Center for Astrophysics, Cambridge, MA (United States)
- Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States)
- National Centre for Radio Astrophysics, Pune (India)
- Pusan National Univ., Busan (Korea, Republic of). Dept. of Earth Sciences
- Ulsan National Inst. of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan (Korea). Dept. of Physics; Korea Astronomy and Space Science Inst., Daejeon (Korea)
- Hamburg Univ., Hamburg (Germany). Hamburger Sternwarte
- Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Kavli Inst. for Particle Astrophysics and Cosmology
- Univ. of Notre Dame, IN (United States). Dept. of Physics and JINA Center for the Evolution of the Elements
- Univ. de Sao Paulo, Sao Paulo (Brazil). Dept. de Astronomia - Instituto de Astronomia, Geofisica e Ciencias Atmosfericas
- Univ. of California, Davis, CA (United States); Univ. de Lisboa, Lisbon (Portugal). Instituto de Astrofisica e Ciencias do Espaco
- Yonsei Univ., Seoul (Korea). Dept. of Astronomy and Center for Galaxy Evolution Research
- Lancaster Univ. (United Kingdom). Dept. of Physics; Leiden Univ. (Netherlands). Leiden Observatory
- European Southern Observatory, Garching (Germany)
- Johns Hopkins Univ., Baltimore, MD (United States). Department of Physics and Astronomy
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE; National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA); National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1430992
- Report Number(s):
- LLNL-JRNL-703259
Journal ID: ISSN 2397-3366
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC52-07NA27344; NAS8-03060; 2016R1A5A1013277; 2014R1A1A2057940; HST-HF2-51345.001-A; NAS5-26555
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Nature Astronomy
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 1; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 2397-3366
- Publisher:
- Springer
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS
Citation Formats
van Weeren, Reinout J., Andrade-Santos, Felipe, Dawson, William A., Golovich, Nathan, Lal, Dharam V., Kang, Hyesung, Ryu, Dongsu, Bruggen, Marcus, Ogrean, Georgiana A., Forman, William R., Jones, Christine, Placco, Vinicius M., Santucci, Rafael M., Wittman, David, Jee, M. James, Kraft, Ralph P., Sobral, David, Stroe, Andra, and Fogarty, Kevin. The case for electron re-acceleration at galaxy cluster shocks. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1038/s41550-016-0005.
van Weeren, Reinout J., Andrade-Santos, Felipe, Dawson, William A., Golovich, Nathan, Lal, Dharam V., Kang, Hyesung, Ryu, Dongsu, Bruggen, Marcus, Ogrean, Georgiana A., Forman, William R., Jones, Christine, Placco, Vinicius M., Santucci, Rafael M., Wittman, David, Jee, M. James, Kraft, Ralph P., Sobral, David, Stroe, Andra, & Fogarty, Kevin. The case for electron re-acceleration at galaxy cluster shocks. United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-016-0005
van Weeren, Reinout J., Andrade-Santos, Felipe, Dawson, William A., Golovich, Nathan, Lal, Dharam V., Kang, Hyesung, Ryu, Dongsu, Bruggen, Marcus, Ogrean, Georgiana A., Forman, William R., Jones, Christine, Placco, Vinicius M., Santucci, Rafael M., Wittman, David, Jee, M. James, Kraft, Ralph P., Sobral, David, Stroe, Andra, and Fogarty, Kevin. Wed .
"The case for electron re-acceleration at galaxy cluster shocks". United States. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41550-016-0005. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1430992.
@article{osti_1430992,
title = {The case for electron re-acceleration at galaxy cluster shocks},
author = {van Weeren, Reinout J. and Andrade-Santos, Felipe and Dawson, William A. and Golovich, Nathan and Lal, Dharam V. and Kang, Hyesung and Ryu, Dongsu and Bruggen, Marcus and Ogrean, Georgiana A. and Forman, William R. and Jones, Christine and Placco, Vinicius M. and Santucci, Rafael M. and Wittman, David and Jee, M. James and Kraft, Ralph P. and Sobral, David and Stroe, Andra and Fogarty, Kevin},
abstractNote = {On the largest scales, the Universe consists of voids and filaments making up the cosmic web. Galaxy clusters are located at the knots in this web, at the intersection of filaments. Clusters grow through accretion from these large-scale filaments and by mergers with other clusters and groups. In a growing number of galaxy clusters, elongated Mpc-sized radio sources have been found. Also known as radio relics, these regions of diffuse radio emission are thought to trace relativistic electrons in the intracluster plasma accelerated by low-Mach-number shocks generated by cluster–cluster merger events. A long-standing problem is how low-Mach-number shocks can accelerate electrons so efficiently to explain the observed radio relics. Here, we report the discovery of a direct connection between a radio relic and a radio galaxy in the merging galaxy cluster Abell 3411–3412 by combining radio, X-ray and optical observations. This discovery indicates that fossil relativistic electrons from active galactic nuclei are re-accelerated at cluster shocks. Lastly, it also implies that radio galaxies play an important role in governing the non-thermal component of the intracluster medium in merging clusters.},
doi = {10.1038/s41550-016-0005},
journal = {Nature Astronomy},
number = 1,
volume = 1,
place = {United States},
year = {Wed Jan 04 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Wed Jan 04 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}
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journal, March 2017
- Golovich, Nathan; Weeren, Reinout J. van; Dawson, William A.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 838, Issue 2
MC 2 : A Deeper Look at ZwCl 2341.1+0000 with Bayesian Galaxy Clustering and Weak Lensing Analyses
journal, May 2017
- Benson, B.; Wittman, D. M.; Golovich, N.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 841, Issue 1
VLA Radio Observations of the HST Frontier Fields Cluster Abell 2744: The Discovery of New Radio Relics
journal, August 2017
- Pearce, C. J. J.; van Weeren, R. J.; Andrade-Santos, F.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 845, Issue 1
Deep VLA Observations of the Cluster 1RXS J0603.3+4214 in the Frequency Range of 1–2 GHz
journal, January 2018
- Rajpurohit, K.; Hoeft, M.; van Weeren, R. J.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 852, Issue 2
Properties of Merger Shocks in Merging Galaxy Clusters
journal, April 2018
- Ha, Ji-Hoon; Ryu, Dongsu; Kang, Hyesung
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 857, Issue 1
Probing the Curious Case of a Galaxy Cluster Merger in Abell 115 with High-fidelity Chandra X-Ray Temperature and Radio Maps
journal, May 2018
- Hallman, Eric J.; Alden, Brian; Rapetti, David
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 859, Issue 1
Simulated Analogs of Merging Galaxy Clusters Constrain the Viewing Angle
journal, August 2018
- Wittman, David; Cornell, B. Hunter; Nguyen, Jayke
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 862, Issue 2
Deep Very Large Array Observations of the Merging Cluster CIZA J2242.8+5301: Continuum and Spectral Imaging
journal, September 2018
- Gennaro, G. Di; van Weeren, R. J.; Hoeft, M.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 865, Issue 1
A Cool Core Disturbed: Observational Evidence for the Coexistence of Subsonic Sloshing Gas and Stripped Shock-heated Gas around the Core of RX J1347.5–1145
journal, October 2018
- Ueda, Shutaro; Kitayama, Tetsu; Oguri, Masamune
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 866, Issue 1
Evidence for a Merger-induced Shock Wave in ZwCl 0008.8+5215 with Chandra and Suzaku
journal, March 2019
- Di Gennaro, G.; van Weeren, R. J.; Andrade-Santos, F.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 873, Issue 1
Brightest Cluster Galaxy Alignments in Merging Clusters
journal, March 2019
- Wittman, David; Foote, Drake; Golovich, Nathan
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 874, Issue 1
Multiwavelength Analysis of the Merging Galaxy Cluster A115
journal, April 2019
- Kim, Mincheol; Jee, M. James; Finner, Kyle
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 874, Issue 2
Interactions between Radio Galaxies and Cluster Shocks. I. Jet Axes Aligned with Shock Normals
journal, May 2019
- Nolting, Chris; Jones, T. W.; O’Neill, Brian J.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 876, Issue 2
Merging Cluster Collaboration: A Panchromatic Atlas of Radio Relic Mergers
journal, September 2019
- Golovich, N.; Dawson, W. A.; Wittman, D. M.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 882, Issue 1
Forming One of the Most Massive Objects in the Universe: The Quadruple Merger in Abell 1758
journal, September 2019
- Schellenberger, G.; David, L.; O’Sullivan, E.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 882, Issue 1
A Fresh Look at Narrow-angle Tail Radio Galaxy Dynamics, Evolution, and Emissions
journal, October 2019
- O’Neill, Brian J.; Jones, T. W.; Nolting, Chris
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 884, Issue 1
Simulated Interactions between Radio Galaxies and Cluster Shocks. II. Jet Axes Orthogonal to Shock Normals
journal, November 2019
- Nolting, Chris; Jones, T. W.; O’Neill, Brian J.
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 885, Issue 1
Chandra Observations of the Spectacular A3411–12 Merger Event
journal, December 2019
- Andrade-Santos, Felipe; van Weeren, Reinout J.; Di Gennaro, Gabriella
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 887, Issue 1
Shocked Narrow-angle Tail Radio Galaxies: Simulations and Emissions
journal, December 2019
- O’Neill, Brian J.; Jones, T. W.; Nolting, Chris
- The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 887, Issue 1
Merging Cluster Collaboration: Optical and Spectroscopic Survey of a Radio-selected Sample of 29 Merging Galaxy Clusters
journal, February 2019
- Golovich, N.; Dawson, W. A.; Wittman, D. M.
- The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 240, Issue 2
Deep 230-470 MHz VLA observations of the mini-halo in the Perseus cluster
text, January 2017
- Gendron-Marsolais, M.; Hlavacek-Larrondo, J.; Van Weeren, Rj
- Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Mystery solved: discovery of extended radio emission in the merging galaxy cluster Abell 2146
text, January 2018
- Hlavacek-Larrondo, J.; Gendron-Marsolais, M-L; Fecteau-Beaucage, D.
- Apollo - University of Cambridge Repository
Deep 230-470 MHz VLA Observations of the mini-halo in the Perseus Cluster
text, January 2017
- Gendron-Marsolais, M.; Hlavacek-Larrondo, J.; van Weeren, R. J.
- arXiv
Deep LOFAR observations of the merging galaxy cluster CIZA J2242.8+5301
text, January 2017
- Hoang, D. N.; Shimwell, T. W.; Stroe, A.
- arXiv
VLA Radio Observations of the HST Frontier Fields Cluster Abell 2744: The Discovery of New Radio Relics
text, January 2017
- Pearce, C. J. J.; van Weeren, R. J.; Andrade-Santos, F.
- arXiv
Gentle re-energisation of electrons in merging galaxy clusters
text, January 2017
- de Gasperin, F.; Intema, H. T.; Shimwell, T. W.
- arXiv
Search for low-frequency diffuse radio emission around a shock in the massive galaxy cluster MACS J0744.9+3927
text, January 2018
- Wilber, Amanda; Brüggen, Marcus; Bonafede, Annalisa
- arXiv
Twin radio relics in a near-by low-mass galaxy cluster Abell 168
text, January 2018
- Dwarakanath, K. S.; Parekh, Viral; Kale, Ruta
- arXiv
LOFAR discovery of a double radio halo system in Abell 1758 and radio/X-ray study of the cluster pair
text, January 2018
- Botteon, A.; Shimwell, T. W.; Bonafede, A.
- arXiv
Merging Cluster Collaboration: A Panchromatic Atlas of Radio Relic Mergers
text, January 2018
- Golovich, Nathan; Dawson, William A.; Wittman, David M.
- arXiv
A study of spectral curvature in the radio relic in Abell 4038 using the uGMRT
text, January 2018
- Kale, Ruta; Parekh, Viral; Dwarakanath, K. S.
- arXiv
Cool core disturbed: Observational evidence for coexistence of sub-sonic sloshing gas and stripped shock-heated gas around the core of RX J1347.5-1145
text, January 2018
- Ueda, Shutaro; Kitayama, Tetsu; Oguri, Masamune
- arXiv
Brightest Cluster Galaxy Alignments in Merging Clusters
text, January 2018
- Wittman, David; Foote, Drake; Golovich, Nathan
- arXiv
Ultra-steep spectrum emission in the merging galaxy cluster Abell 1914
text, January 2018
- Mandal, S.; Intema, H. T.; Shimwell, T. W.
- arXiv
Radio observations of the merging galaxy cluster Abell 520
text, January 2018
- Hoang, D. N.; Shimwell, T. W.; van Weeren, R. J.
- arXiv
Halo Concentration, Galaxy Red Fraction, and Gas Properties of Optically-defined Merging Clusters
text, January 2018
- Okabe, Nobuhiro; Oguri, Masamune; Akamatsu, Hiroki
- arXiv
The Expanded Giant Metrewave Radio Telescope
text, January 2019
- Patra, N. N.; Kanekar, N.; Chengalur, J. N.
- arXiv
Role of intracluster supernovae in radio mini-halos in galaxy clusters
text, January 2019
- Omar, Amitesh
- arXiv
A Massive Cluster at z = 0.288 Caught in the Process of Formation: The Case of Abell 959
text, January 2019
- Bîrzan, L.; Rafferty, D. A.; Cassano, R.
- arXiv
A Fresh Look at Narrow-Angle Tail Radio Galaxy Dynamics, Evolution and Emissions
text, January 2019
- O'Neill, Brian J.; Jones, T. W.; Nolting, Chris
- arXiv
Shocked Narrow-Angle Tail Radio Galaxies: Simulations and Emissions
text, January 2019
- O'Neill, Brian J.; Jones, T. W.; Nolting, Chris
- arXiv