Effects of bulk viscosity and hadronic rescattering in heavy ion collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Ryu, Sangwook; Paquet, Jean-Francois; Shen, Chun; Denicol, Gabriel; Schenke, Bjorn; Jeon, Sangyong; Gale, Charles

doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.97.034910

Title: Effects of bulk viscosity and hadronic rescattering in heavy ion collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Abstract

Here, we describe ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the CERN Large Hadron Collider with a hybrid model using the IP-Glasma model for the earliest stage and viscous hydrodynamics and microscopic transport for the later stages of the collision. We demonstrate that within this framework the bulk viscosity of the plasma plays an important role in describing the experimentally observed radial flow and azimuthal anisotropy simultaneously. Finally, we further investigate the dependence of observables on the temperature below which we employ the microscopic transport description.

Authors:

Ryu, Sangwook ^[1]; Paquet, Jean-Francois ^[2]; Shen, Chun ^[3]; Denicol, Gabriel ^[4]; Schenke, Bjorn ^[5]; Jeon, Sangyong ^[3]; Gale, Charles ^[3]

McGill Univ., Montreal, QC (Canada). Dept of Physics; Frankfurt Institute for Advanced Studies (Germany)
McGill Univ., Montreal, QC (Canada). Dept of Physics; Stony Brook Univ., NY (United States). Dept. of Physics and Astronomy
McGill Univ., Montreal, QC (Canada). Dept of Physics
Instituto de Fisica, Universidade Federal Fluminense, UFF, Rio de Janeiro (Brazil)
Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States). Physics Department

Publication Date:: 2018-03-15

Research Org.:: Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)

OSTI Identifier:: 1430894

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1426329

Report Number(s):: BNL-203413-2018-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985; PRVCAN; TRN: US1802510

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0012704; FG02-88ER40388; AC02-05CH11231

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review C

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 97; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9985

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS

Citation Formats


                    Ryu, Sangwook, Paquet, Jean-Francois, Shen, Chun, Denicol, Gabriel, Schenke, Bjorn, Jeon, Sangyong, and Gale, Charles. Effects of bulk viscosity and hadronic rescattering in heavy ion collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and at the CERN Large Hadron Collider.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevC.97.034910.

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                    Ryu, Sangwook, Paquet, Jean-Francois, Shen, Chun, Denicol, Gabriel, Schenke, Bjorn, Jeon, Sangyong, & Gale, Charles. Effects of bulk viscosity and hadronic rescattering in heavy ion collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and at the CERN Large Hadron Collider.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.97.034910

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                    Ryu, Sangwook, Paquet, Jean-Francois, Shen, Chun, Denicol, Gabriel, Schenke, Bjorn, Jeon, Sangyong, and Gale, Charles. Thu .  
"Effects of bulk viscosity and hadronic rescattering in heavy ion collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and at the CERN Large Hadron Collider".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevC.97.034910.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1430894.

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@article{osti_1430894,

  title        = {Effects of bulk viscosity and hadronic rescattering in heavy ion collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and at the CERN Large Hadron Collider},

  author       = {Ryu, Sangwook and Paquet, Jean-Francois and Shen, Chun and Denicol, Gabriel and Schenke, Bjorn and Jeon, Sangyong and Gale, Charles},

  abstractNote = {Here, we describe ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and the CERN Large Hadron Collider with a hybrid model using the IP-Glasma model for the earliest stage and viscous hydrodynamics and microscopic transport for the later stages of the collision. We demonstrate that within this framework the bulk viscosity of the plasma plays an important role in describing the experimentally observed radial flow and azimuthal anisotropy simultaneously. Finally, we further investigate the dependence of observables on the temperature below which we employ the microscopic transport description.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevC.97.034910},

  journal      = {Physical Review C},

  number       = 3,

  volume       = 97,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2018},

  month        = {3}

}

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DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.89.044911

Flow analysis with cumulants: Direct calculations
journal, April 2011

Bilandzic, Ante; Snellings, Raimond; Voloshin, Sergei
Physical Review C, Vol. 83, Issue 4
DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevC.83.044913

Elliptic flow of identified hadrons in Pb-Pb collisions at s N N = 2.76 $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76 $$ TeV
journal, June 2015

Abelev, B.; Adam, J.; Adamová, D.
Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2015, Issue 6
DOI: 10.1007/JHEP06(2015)190

Works referencing / citing this record:

Exploring the applicability of dissipative fluid dynamics to small systems by comparison to the Boltzmann equation
journal, August 2018

Gallmeister, K.; Niemi, H.; Greiner, C.
Physical Review C, Vol. 98, Issue 2
DOI: 10.1103/physrevc.98.024912

Temperature dependence of the bulk viscosity within lattice simulation of $S U (3)$ gluodynamics
journal, September 2018

Astrakhantsev, N. Yu.; Braguta, V. V.; Kotov, A. Yu.
Physical Review D, Vol. 98, Issue 5
DOI: 10.1103/physrevd.98.054515

Fast resonance decays in nuclear collisions
journal, March 2019

Mazeliauskas, Aleksas; Floerchinger, Stefan; Grossi, Eduardo
The European Physical Journal C, Vol. 79, Issue 3
DOI: 10.1140/epjc/s10052-019-6791-7

Fast resonance decays in nuclear collisions
journal, January 2021

Mazeliauskas, Aleksas; Floerchinger, Stefan; Grossi, Eduardo
Nuclear Physics A, Vol. 1005
DOI: 10.1016/j.nuclphysa.2020.121988

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Title: Effects of bulk viscosity and hadronic rescattering in heavy ion collisions at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider and at the CERN Large Hadron Collider

Abstract

Citation Formats

Transport coefficients of bulk viscous pressure in the 14-moment approximation journal, August 2014

New forms of QCD matter discovered at RHIC journal, March 2005

Initial Energy Density of Gluons Produced in Very-High-Energy Nuclear Collisions journal, May 2000

Elliptic flow in U + U collisions at s NN = 200 GeV and in Pb + Pb collisions at s NN = 2.76 TeV: Prediction from a hybrid approach journal, February 2011

Onset of cavitation in the quark-gluon plasma journal, December 2014

Effects of bulk viscosity at freezeout journal, November 2009

Evidence of early multi-strange hadron freeze-out in high energy nuclear collisions journal, December 1999

Bulk viscosity of gauge theory plasma at strong coupling journal, May 2008

Bulk viscosity, particle spectra, and flow in heavy-ion collisions journal, April 2012

Measurement of higher-order harmonic azimuthal anisotropy in PbPb collisions at s NN = 2.76 TeV journal, April 2014

QCD equation of state and hadron resonance gas journal, June 2010

Microscopic models for ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions journal, January 1998

Erratum: Elliptic flow in s = 200 GeV Au+Au collisions and s = 2.76 TeV Pb+Pb collisions: Insights from viscous hydrodynamics+hadron cascade hybrid model [Phys. Rev. C 83 , 054912 (2011)] journal, January 2013

Azimuthal anisotropy in Au+Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeV journal, July 2005

Hadronic dissipative effects on elliptic flow in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions journal, May 2006

Event-by-event gluon multiplicity, energy density, and eccentricities in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions journal, September 2012

Strange freezeout journal, December 2013

Measurement of the higher-order anisotropic flow coefficients for identified hadrons in Au + Au collisions at s N N = 200 GeV journal, May 2016

Experimental and theoretical challenges in the search for the quark–gluon plasma: The STAR Collaboration's critical assessment of the evidence from RHIC collisions journal, August 2005

The PHOBOS perspective on discoveries at RHIC journal, August 2005

Particle spectra in Pb-Pb collisions at s NN = 2 . 76 TeV journal, June 2012

Formation of dense partonic matter in relativistic nucleus–nucleus collisions at RHIC: Experimental evaluation by the PHENIX Collaboration journal, August 2005

Hydrodynamic approaches in relativistic heavy ion reactions journal, January 2016

Fluctuating Glasma Initial Conditions and Flow in Heavy Ion Collisions journal, June 2012

Measurement of the elliptic anisotropy of charged particles produced in PbPb collisions at s N N = 2.76 TeV journal, January 2013

Interplay of shear and bulk viscosity in generating flow in heavy-ion collisions journal, February 2010

Bulk viscosity effects in event-by-event relativistic hydrodynamics journal, October 2013

Radiative energy loss and v 2 spectra for viscous hydrodynamics journal, March 2010

Transport Coefficients of Hadronic Matter Near T c journal, October 2009

Higher Harmonic Anisotropic Flow Measurements of Charged Particles in Pb-Pb Collisions at s N N = 2.76 TeV journal, July 2011

Scaling Properties of Hyperon Production in Au + Au Collisions at s N N = 200 GeV journal, February 2007

Applying Bayesian parameter estimation to relativistic heavy-ion collisions: Simultaneous characterization of the initial state and quark-gluon plasma medium journal, August 2016

Importance of the Bulk Viscosity of QCD in Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions journal, September 2015

Identified charged particle spectra and yields in Au + Au collisions at s N N = 200 GeV journal, March 2004

Effect of bulk viscosity on elliptic flow near the QCD phase transition journal, December 2009

Moving Forward to Constrain the Shear Viscosity of QCD Matter journal, May 2016

Decoupling chemical and thermal freeze outs in hydrodynamics journal, November 2001

Flow at the SPS and RHIC as a Quark-Gluon Plasma Signature journal, May 2001

High-order flow harmonics of identified hadrons in 2.76 A TeV Pb + Pb collisions journal, June 2016

Higher flow harmonics from ( 3 + 1 ) D event-by-event viscous hydrodynamics journal, February 2012

Initial Gluon Multiplicity in Heavy-Ion Collisions journal, February 2001

Relativistic hadron-hadron collisions in the ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model journal, September 1999

Centrality dependence of π , K , and p production in Pb-Pb collisions at s N N = 2.76 TeV journal, October 2013

Bulk viscosity of high-temperature QCD journal, October 2006

Hydrodynamic predictions for Pb+Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV journal, June 2017

Centrality and Transverse Momentum Dependence of Elliptic Flow of Multistrange Hadrons and ϕ Meson in Au + Au Collisions at s N N = 200 GeV journal, February 2016

Production of photons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions journal, April 2016

Bulk viscosity and cavitation in boost-invariant hydrodynamic expansion journal, March 2010

Collective flow in 2.76 and 5.02 A TeV Pb + Pb collisions journal, September 2017

Quark–gluon plasma and color glass condensate at RHIC? The perspective from the BRAHMS experiment journal, August 2005

Calculation of the Bulk Viscosity in SU(3) Gluodynamics journal, April 2008

Effects of hadronic rescattering on multistrange hadrons in high-energy nuclear collisions journal, October 2015

Higher harmonic flow coefficients of identified hadrons in Pb-Pb collisions at s N N = 2.76 $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76 $$ TeV journal, September 2016

Viscosity Information from Relativistic Nuclear Collisions: How Perfect is the Fluid Observed at RHIC? journal, October 2007

Centrality dependence of charged hadron and strange hadron elliptic flow from s NN = 200 GeV Au+Au collisions journal, May 2008

Systematic measurements of identified particle spectra in pp , d + Au , and Au + Au collisions at the STAR detector journal, March 2009

K S 0 and Λ Production in Pb-Pb Collisions at s N N = 2.76 TeV journal, November 2013

Hybrid model approach for strange and multistrange hadrons in 2.76 A TeV Pb + Pb collisions journal, March 2015

Bulk viscosity-driven suppression of shear viscosity effects on the flow harmonics at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider journal, September 2014

Mass ordering of differential elliptic flow and its violation for ϕ mesons journal, April 2008

Fully integrated transport approach to heavy ion reactions with an intermediate hydrodynamic stage journal, October 2008

Single-particle distribution in the hydrodynamic and statistical thermodynamic models of multiparticle production journal, July 1974

Viscous QCD matter in a hybrid hydrodynamic+Boltzmann approach journal, February 2011

Instability of boost-invariant hydrodynamics with a QCD-inspired bulk viscosity journal, August 2008

Particlization in hybrid models journal, November 2012

Elliptic and Triangular Flow in Event-by-Event D = 3 + 1 Viscous Hydrodynamics journal, January 2011

Derivation of transient relativistic fluid dynamics from the Boltzmann equation journal, June 2012

Third harmonic flow of charged particles in Au + Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeV journal, July 2013

Self-consistent conversion of a viscous fluid to particles journal, February 2017

Gluon production in the Color Glass Condensate model of collisions of ultrarelativistic finite nuclei journal, April 2003

Bulk viscosity of QCD matter near the critical temperature journal, September 2008

Space-time evolution of bulk QCD matter journal, January 2007

Elliptic flow in s = 200 GeV Au + Au collisions and s = 2.76 TeV Pb + Pb collisions: Insights from viscous hydrodynamics + hadron cascade hybrid model journal, May 2011

Universal properties of bulk viscosity near the QCD phase transition journal, May 2008

(3+1)D hydrodynamic simulation of relativistic heavy-ion collisions journal, July 2010

Exclusive diffractive processes at HERA within the dipole picture journal, October 2006

Hydrodynamic Modeling of Heavy-Ion Collisions journal, April 2013

Transport coefficients of bulk viscous pressure in the 14-moment approximation
journal, August 2014

New forms of QCD matter discovered at RHIC
journal, March 2005

Initial Energy Density of Gluons Produced in Very-High-Energy Nuclear Collisions
journal, May 2000

Elliptic flow in $U + U$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV and in $Pb + Pb$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76$ TeV: Prediction from a hybrid approach
journal, February 2011

Onset of cavitation in the quark-gluon plasma
journal, December 2014

Effects of bulk viscosity at freezeout
journal, November 2009

Evidence of early multi-strange hadron freeze-out in high energy nuclear collisions
journal, December 1999

Bulk viscosity of gauge theory plasma at strong coupling
journal, May 2008

Bulk viscosity, particle spectra, and flow in heavy-ion collisions
journal, April 2012

Measurement of higher-order harmonic azimuthal anisotropy in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76$ TeV
journal, April 2014

QCD equation of state and hadron resonance gas
journal, June 2010

Microscopic models for ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions
journal, January 1998

Erratum: Elliptic flow in $\sqrt{s} = 200$ GeV Au+Au collisions and $\sqrt{s} = 2.76$ TeV Pb+Pb collisions: Insights from viscous hydrodynamics+hadron cascade hybrid model [Phys. Rev. C 83 , 054912 (2011)]
journal, January 2013

Azimuthal anisotropy in Au+Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200 GeV$
journal, July 2005

Hadronic dissipative effects on elliptic flow in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, May 2006

Event-by-event gluon multiplicity, energy density, and eccentricities in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, September 2012

Strange freezeout
journal, December 2013

Measurement of the higher-order anisotropic flow coefficients for identified hadrons in Au + Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 200 GeV$
journal, May 2016

Experimental and theoretical challenges in the search for the quark–gluon plasma: The STAR Collaboration's critical assessment of the evidence from RHIC collisions
journal, August 2005

The PHOBOS perspective on discoveries at RHIC
journal, August 2005

Particle spectra in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 2.76$ TeV
journal, June 2012

Formation of dense partonic matter in relativistic nucleus–nucleus collisions at RHIC: Experimental evaluation by the PHENIX Collaboration
journal, August 2005

Hydrodynamic approaches in relativistic heavy ion reactions
journal, January 2016

Fluctuating Glasma Initial Conditions and Flow in Heavy Ion Collisions
journal, June 2012

Measurement of the elliptic anisotropy of charged particles produced in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 2.76$ TeV
journal, January 2013

Interplay of shear and bulk viscosity in generating flow in heavy-ion collisions
journal, February 2010

Bulk viscosity effects in event-by-event relativistic hydrodynamics
journal, October 2013

Radiative energy loss and $v_{2}$ spectra for viscous hydrodynamics
journal, March 2010

Transport Coefficients of Hadronic Matter Near $T_{c}$
journal, October 2009

Higher Harmonic Anisotropic Flow Measurements of Charged Particles in Pb-Pb Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 2.76 TeV$
journal, July 2011

Scaling Properties of Hyperon Production in $Au + Au$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 200 GeV$
journal, February 2007

Applying Bayesian parameter estimation to relativistic heavy-ion collisions: Simultaneous characterization of the initial state and quark-gluon plasma medium
journal, August 2016

Importance of the Bulk Viscosity of QCD in Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions
journal, September 2015

Identified charged particle spectra and yields in $Au + Au$ collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 200 GeV$
journal, March 2004

Effect of bulk viscosity on elliptic flow near the QCD phase transition
journal, December 2009

Moving Forward to Constrain the Shear Viscosity of QCD Matter
journal, May 2016

Decoupling chemical and thermal freeze outs in hydrodynamics
journal, November 2001

Flow at the SPS and RHIC as a Quark-Gluon Plasma Signature
journal, May 2001

High-order flow harmonics of identified hadrons in $2.76 A$ TeV Pb + Pb collisions
journal, June 2016

Higher flow harmonics from $(3 + 1)$ D event-by-event viscous hydrodynamics
journal, February 2012

Initial Gluon Multiplicity in Heavy-Ion Collisions
journal, February 2001

Relativistic hadron-hadron collisions in the ultra-relativistic quantum molecular dynamics model
journal, September 1999

Centrality dependence of $π$ , $K$ , and $p$ production in Pb-Pb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 2.76$ TeV
journal, October 2013

Bulk viscosity of high-temperature QCD
journal, October 2006

Hydrodynamic predictions for Pb+Pb collisions at 5.02 TeV
journal, June 2017

Centrality and Transverse Momentum Dependence of Elliptic Flow of Multistrange Hadrons and $ϕ$ Meson in $Au + Au$ Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 200 GeV$
journal, February 2016

Production of photons in relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, April 2016

Bulk viscosity and cavitation in boost-invariant hydrodynamic expansion
journal, March 2010

Collective flow in 2.76 and 5.02 A TeV Pb + Pb collisions
journal, September 2017

Quark–gluon plasma and color glass condensate at RHIC? The perspective from the BRAHMS experiment
journal, August 2005

Calculation of the Bulk Viscosity in SU(3) Gluodynamics
journal, April 2008

Effects of hadronic rescattering on multistrange hadrons in high-energy nuclear collisions
journal, October 2015

Higher harmonic flow coefficients of identified hadrons in Pb-Pb collisions at s N N = 2.76 $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76 $$ TeV
journal, September 2016

Viscosity Information from Relativistic Nuclear Collisions: How Perfect is the Fluid Observed at RHIC?
journal, October 2007

Centrality dependence of charged hadron and strange hadron elliptic flow from $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV Au+Au collisions
journal, May 2008

Systematic measurements of identified particle spectra in $pp$ , $d + Au$ , and $Au + Au$ collisions at the STAR detector
journal, March 2009

$K_{S}^{0}$ and $Λ$ Production in Pb-Pb Collisions at $\sqrt{s_{N N}} = 2.76 TeV$
journal, November 2013

Hybrid model approach for strange and multistrange hadrons in $2.76 A$ TeV $Pb + Pb$ collisions
journal, March 2015

Bulk viscosity-driven suppression of shear viscosity effects on the flow harmonics at energies available at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider
journal, September 2014

Mass ordering of differential elliptic flow and its violation for ϕ mesons
journal, April 2008

Fully integrated transport approach to heavy ion reactions with an intermediate hydrodynamic stage
journal, October 2008

Single-particle distribution in the hydrodynamic and statistical thermodynamic models of multiparticle production
journal, July 1974

Viscous QCD matter in a hybrid hydrodynamic+Boltzmann approach
journal, February 2011

Instability of boost-invariant hydrodynamics with a QCD-inspired bulk viscosity
journal, August 2008

Particlization in hybrid models
journal, November 2012

Elliptic and Triangular Flow in Event-by-Event $D = 3 + 1$ Viscous Hydrodynamics
journal, January 2011

Derivation of transient relativistic fluid dynamics from the Boltzmann equation
journal, June 2012

Third harmonic flow of charged particles in Au $+$ Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200$ GeV
journal, July 2013

Self-consistent conversion of a viscous fluid to particles
journal, February 2017

Gluon production in the Color Glass Condensate model of collisions of ultrarelativistic finite nuclei
journal, April 2003

Bulk viscosity of QCD matter near the critical temperature
journal, September 2008

Space-time evolution of bulk QCD matter
journal, January 2007

Elliptic flow in $\sqrt{s} = 200$ GeV Au $+$ Au collisions and $\sqrt{s} = 2.76$ TeV Pb $+$ Pb collisions: Insights from viscous hydrodynamics $+$ hadron cascade hybrid model
journal, May 2011

Universal properties of bulk viscosity near the QCD phase transition
journal, May 2008

(3+1)D hydrodynamic simulation of relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, July 2010

Exclusive diffractive processes at HERA within the dipole picture
journal, October 2006

Hydrodynamic Modeling of Heavy-Ion Collisions
journal, April 2013

Spectra and elliptic flow for identified hadrons in $2.76 A$ TeV Pb + Pb collisions
journal, March 2014

Triangular flow in event-by-event ideal hydrodynamics in Au $+$ Au collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}} = 200 A$ GeV
journal, October 2010

Dynamics of hot bulk QCD matter: From the quark-gluon plasma to hadronic freeze-out
journal, May 2000