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Title: Evolution of the mean jet shape and dijet asymmetry distribution of an ensemble of holographic jets in strongly coupled plasma

Abstract

Some of the most important experimentally accessible probes of the quark- gluon plasma (QGP) produced in heavy ion collisions come from the analysis of how the shape and energy of sprays of energetic particles produced within a cone with a specified opening angle (jets) in a hard scattering are modified by their passage through the strongly coupled, liquid, QGP. We model an ensemble of back-to-back dijets for the purpose of gaining a qualitative understanding of how the shapes of the individual jets and the asymmetry in the energy of the pairs of jets in the ensemble are modified by their passage through an expanding cooling droplet of strongly coupled plasma, in the model in a holographic gauge theory that is dual to a 4+1-dimensional black-hole spacetime that is asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS). We build our model by constructing an ensemble of strings in the dual gravitational description of the gauge theory. We model QCD jets in vacuum using strings whose endpoints are moving “downward” into the gravitational bulk spacetime with some fixed small angle, an angle that represents the opening angle (ratio of jet mass to jet energy) that the QCD jet would have in vacuum. Such strings must be moving through the gravitational bulk at (close to) the speed of light; they must be (close to) null. This condition does not specify the energy distribution along the string, meaning that it does not specify the shape of the jet being modeled. We study the dynamics of strings that are initially not null and show that strings with a wide range of initial conditions rapidly accelerate and become null and, as they do, develop a similar distribution of their energy density. We use this distribution of the energy density along the string, choose an ensemble of strings whose opening angles and energies are distributed as in perturbative QCD, and show that we can then fix one of the two model parameters such that the mean jet shape for the jets in the ensemble that we have built matches that measured in proton-proton collisions reasonably well. This is a novel way for hybridizing relevant inputs from perturbative QCD and a strongly coupled holographic gauge theory in the service of modeling jets in QGP. We send our ensemble of strings through an expanding cooling droplet of strongly coupled plasma, choosing the second model parameter so as to get a reasonable value for $$R$$ $$^{AA}_{jet}$$, the suppression in the number of jets, and study how the mean jet shape and the dijet asymmetry are modified, comparing both to measurements from heavy ion collisions at the LHC.

Authors:
 [1];  [1];  [2];  [3]
  1. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States). Center for Theoretical Physics
  2. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States). Center for Theoretical Physics; Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
  3. Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States). Center for Theoretical Physics; Utrecht Univ. (Netherlands). Inst. for Theoretical Physics. Center for Extreme Matter and Emergent Phenomena
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Los Alamos National Laboratory (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States); Massachusetts Inst. of Technology (MIT), Cambridge, MA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)
OSTI Identifier:
1430012
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1635230
Report Number(s):
LA-UR-17-29843
Journal ID: ISSN 1029-8479; TRN: US1802619
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC52-06NA25396; SC0011090
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
Journal of High Energy Physics (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Journal of High Energy Physics (Online); Journal Volume: 2018; Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 1029-8479
Publisher:
Springer Berlin
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
72 PHYSICS OF ELEMENTARY PARTICLES AND FIELDS; 70 PLASMA PHYSICS AND FUSION TECHNOLOGY; atomic and nuclear physics; holography and quark-gluon plasmas; quark-gluon plasms

Citation Formats

Brewer, Jasmine, Rajagopal, Krishna, Sadofyev, Andrey, and van der Schee, Wilke. Evolution of the mean jet shape and dijet asymmetry distribution of an ensemble of holographic jets in strongly coupled plasma. United States: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1007/JHEP02(2018)015.
Brewer, Jasmine, Rajagopal, Krishna, Sadofyev, Andrey, & van der Schee, Wilke. Evolution of the mean jet shape and dijet asymmetry distribution of an ensemble of holographic jets in strongly coupled plasma. United States. https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP02(2018)015
Brewer, Jasmine, Rajagopal, Krishna, Sadofyev, Andrey, and van der Schee, Wilke. Fri . "Evolution of the mean jet shape and dijet asymmetry distribution of an ensemble of holographic jets in strongly coupled plasma". United States. https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP02(2018)015. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1430012.
@article{osti_1430012,
title = {Evolution of the mean jet shape and dijet asymmetry distribution of an ensemble of holographic jets in strongly coupled plasma},
author = {Brewer, Jasmine and Rajagopal, Krishna and Sadofyev, Andrey and van der Schee, Wilke},
abstractNote = {Some of the most important experimentally accessible probes of the quark- gluon plasma (QGP) produced in heavy ion collisions come from the analysis of how the shape and energy of sprays of energetic particles produced within a cone with a specified opening angle (jets) in a hard scattering are modified by their passage through the strongly coupled, liquid, QGP. We model an ensemble of back-to-back dijets for the purpose of gaining a qualitative understanding of how the shapes of the individual jets and the asymmetry in the energy of the pairs of jets in the ensemble are modified by their passage through an expanding cooling droplet of strongly coupled plasma, in the model in a holographic gauge theory that is dual to a 4+1-dimensional black-hole spacetime that is asymptotically anti-de Sitter (AdS). We build our model by constructing an ensemble of strings in the dual gravitational description of the gauge theory. We model QCD jets in vacuum using strings whose endpoints are moving “downward” into the gravitational bulk spacetime with some fixed small angle, an angle that represents the opening angle (ratio of jet mass to jet energy) that the QCD jet would have in vacuum. Such strings must be moving through the gravitational bulk at (close to) the speed of light; they must be (close to) null. This condition does not specify the energy distribution along the string, meaning that it does not specify the shape of the jet being modeled. We study the dynamics of strings that are initially not null and show that strings with a wide range of initial conditions rapidly accelerate and become null and, as they do, develop a similar distribution of their energy density. We use this distribution of the energy density along the string, choose an ensemble of strings whose opening angles and energies are distributed as in perturbative QCD, and show that we can then fix one of the two model parameters such that the mean jet shape for the jets in the ensemble that we have built matches that measured in proton-proton collisions reasonably well. This is a novel way for hybridizing relevant inputs from perturbative QCD and a strongly coupled holographic gauge theory in the service of modeling jets in QGP. We send our ensemble of strings through an expanding cooling droplet of strongly coupled plasma, choosing the second model parameter so as to get a reasonable value for $R$ $^{AA}_{jet}$, the suppression in the number of jets, and study how the mean jet shape and the dijet asymmetry are modified, comparing both to measurements from heavy ion collisions at the LHC.},
doi = {10.1007/JHEP02(2018)015},
journal = {Journal of High Energy Physics (Online)},
number = 2,
volume = 2018,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Feb 02 00:00:00 EST 2018},
month = {Fri Feb 02 00:00:00 EST 2018}
}

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Cited by: 30 works
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Figures / Tables:

Figure 1 Figure 1: A null string (red) used to model a jet moving in the x-direction shown at several coordinate times t . The string starts off at the point x = 0 on the boundary and expands at the speed of light while falling downwards into the holographic z-direction, towardsmore » the horizon located at z = zh = 1/(πT ). The blue curves represent the null geodesics that each (red) bit of energy that makes up the string follows; the black curve is the endpoint trajectory. Different blue curves are parametrized by different values of σ, where σ is the initial downward angle in the (x, z) plane. The endpoint is the trajectory with σ = σ0; the figure is drawn with σ0 = 0.025. If the string were in vacuum, there would be no horizon, the blue null geodesics would all be straight lines, and the red string would maintain its initially semi-circular shape forever. The opening angle of the jet which such a vacuum string represents is proportional to σ0. Due to the presence of the horizon, which is to say due to the presence of the strongly coupled plasma, a blue (or black) trajectory with a given σ curves downward: its angle in the (x, z) plane, which starts out equal to σ, steadily increases. Consequently, the opening angle of a jet increases as it propagates through the plasma. The energy lost from the jet to the plasma corresponds to energy density along the string traveling along blue geodesics falling into the horizon. Clearly, geodesics with smaller σ, i.e. with smaller initial angle, propagate the farther before reaching the horizon. The thermalization length of the jet, xtherm, is the distance that the endpoint travels before it reaches the horizon. It is apparent from the figure that jets with a smaller σ0, meaning a narrower initial opening angle, lose their energy more slowly and have a longer xtherm. Figure adapted from ref. [143].« less

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Measurements of jet quenching with semi-inclusive charged jet distributions in Au + Au collisions at <mml:math altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll" xmlns:xocs="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/xocs/dtd" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:ja="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:tb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/table/dtd" xmlns:sb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-bib/dtd" xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:cals="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/cals/dtd" xmlns:sa="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-aff/dtd"><mml:msqrt><mml:msub><mml:mrow><mml:mi>s</mml:mi></mml:mrow><mml:mrow><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">NN</mml:mi></mml:mrow></mml:msub></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>200</mml:mn><mml:mtext> GeV</mml:mtext></mml:math>
journal, December 2016


Towards the understanding of jet shapes and cross sections in heavy ion collisions using soft-collinear effective theory
journal, May 2016


Chiral drag force
journal, October 2015

  • Rajagopal, Krishna; Sadofyev, Andrey V.
  • Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2015, Issue 10
  • DOI: 10.1007/JHEP10(2015)018

Groomed jets in heavy-ion collisions: sensitivity to medium-induced bremsstrahlung
journal, April 2017

  • Mehtar-Tani, Yacine; Tywoniuk, Konrad
  • Journal of High Energy Physics, Vol. 2017, Issue 4
  • DOI: 10.1007/JHEP04(2017)125

Jet Tomography of High-Energy Nucleus-Nucleus Collisions at Next-to-Leading Order
journal, March 2010


Radial and elliptic flow at RHIC: further predictions
journal, March 2001


JEWEL 2.0.0: directions for use
journal, February 2014


Heavy ions and string theory
journal, March 2014

  • DeWolfe, Oliver; Gubser, Steven S.; Rosen, Christopher
  • Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics, Vol. 75
  • DOI: 10.1016/j.ppnp.2013.11.001

Jet evolution in the 𝒩 = 4 SYM plasma at strong coupling
journal, May 2008


The iEBE-VISHNU code package for relativistic heavy-ion collisions
journal, February 2016


Measurement of the pseudorapidity and transverse momentum dependence of the elliptic flow of charged particles in lead–lead collisions at <mml:math altimg="si1.gif" overflow="scroll" xmlns:xocs="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/xocs/dtd" xmlns:xs="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xmlns="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:ja="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/ja/dtd" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:tb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/table/dtd" xmlns:sb="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/struct-bib/dtd" xmlns:ce="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/dtd" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:cals="http://www.elsevier.com/xml/common/cals/dtd"><mml:msqrt><mml:msub><mml:mi>s</mml:mi><mml:mi mathvariant="normal">NN</mml:mi></mml:msub></mml:msqrt><mml:mo>=</mml:mo><mml:mn>2.76</mml:mn><mml:mtext> </mml:mtext><mml:mtext>TeV</mml:mtext></mml:math> with the ATLAS detector
journal, February 2012


Jet quenching via jet collimation
journal, January 2011

  • Casalderrey-Solana, Jorge; Milhano, José Guilherme; Wiedemann, Urs Achim
  • Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 38, Issue 3
  • DOI: 10.1088/0954-3899/38/3/035006

Medium Modification of γ Jets in High-Energy Heavy-Ion Collisions
journal, August 2013


Holographic lessons for quark dynamics
journal, April 2012

  • Chernicoff, Mariano; García, J. Antonio; Güijosa, Alberto
  • Journal of Physics G: Nuclear and Particle Physics, Vol. 39, Issue 5
  • DOI: 10.1088/0954-3899/39/5/054002

Works referencing / citing this record:

Gluon emission from heavy quarks in dense nuclear matter
journal, September 2019