Multiparameter Estimation in Networked Quantum Sensors
Abstract
We introduce a general model for a network of quantum sensors, and we use this model to consider the question: When can entanglement between the sensors, and/or global measurements, enhance the precision with which the network can measure a set of unknown parameters? We rigorously answer this question by presenting precise theorems proving that for a broad class of problems there is, at most, a very limited intrinsic advantage to using entangled states or global measurements. Moreover, for many estimation problems separable states and local measurements are optimal, and can achieve the ultimate quantum limit on the estimation uncertainty. This immediately implies that there are broad conditions under which simultaneous estimation of multiple parameters cannot outperform individual, independent estimations. Our results apply to any situation in which spatially localized sensors are unitarily encoded with independent parameters, such as when estimating multiple linear or non-linear optical phase shifts in quantum imaging, or when mapping out the spatial profile of an unknown magnetic field. We conclude by showing that entangling the sensors can enhance the estimation precision when the parameters of interest are global properties of the entire network.
- Authors:
-
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-CA), Livermore, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
- Univ. of Nottingham (United Kingdom); Univ. of Sussex, Brighton (United Kingdom)
- Univ. of Sussex, Brighton (United Kingdom)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1429719
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1422465
- Report Number(s):
- SAND-2017-13642J
Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007; PRLTAO; 659588; TRN: US1802617
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC04-94AL85000; NA0003525
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review Letters
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 120; Journal Issue: 8; Journal ID: ISSN 0031-9007
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society (APS)
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 71 CLASSICAL AND QUANTUM MECHANICS, GENERAL PHYSICS
Citation Formats
Proctor, Timothy J., Knott, Paul A., and Dunningham, Jacob A. Multiparameter Estimation in Networked Quantum Sensors. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.080501.
Proctor, Timothy J., Knott, Paul A., & Dunningham, Jacob A. Multiparameter Estimation in Networked Quantum Sensors. United States. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.080501.
Proctor, Timothy J., Knott, Paul A., and Dunningham, Jacob A. Wed .
"Multiparameter Estimation in Networked Quantum Sensors". United States. doi:10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.080501. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1429719.
@article{osti_1429719,
title = {Multiparameter Estimation in Networked Quantum Sensors},
author = {Proctor, Timothy J. and Knott, Paul A. and Dunningham, Jacob A.},
abstractNote = {We introduce a general model for a network of quantum sensors, and we use this model to consider the question: When can entanglement between the sensors, and/or global measurements, enhance the precision with which the network can measure a set of unknown parameters? We rigorously answer this question by presenting precise theorems proving that for a broad class of problems there is, at most, a very limited intrinsic advantage to using entangled states or global measurements. Moreover, for many estimation problems separable states and local measurements are optimal, and can achieve the ultimate quantum limit on the estimation uncertainty. This immediately implies that there are broad conditions under which simultaneous estimation of multiple parameters cannot outperform individual, independent estimations. Our results apply to any situation in which spatially localized sensors are unitarily encoded with independent parameters, such as when estimating multiple linear or non-linear optical phase shifts in quantum imaging, or when mapping out the spatial profile of an unknown magnetic field. We conclude by showing that entangling the sensors can enhance the estimation precision when the parameters of interest are global properties of the entire network.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.080501},
journal = {Physical Review Letters},
number = 8,
volume = 120,
place = {United States},
year = {2018},
month = {2}
}
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Figures / Tables:
FIG. 1: A network of quantum sensors. The kth node represents a “sensor” into which the vector parameter θ[k] is encoded via a local unitary evolution. The connections between the nodes denote that, in general, the sensors can be entangled, and/or global measurements can be performed.
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