Experimental realization of Feynman’s ratchet

Bang, Jaehoon; Pan, Rui; Hoang, Thai M.; Ahn, Jonghoon; Jarzynski, Christopher; Quan, H. T.; Li, Tongcang

doi:10.1088/1367-2630/aae71f

Title: Experimental realization of Feynman’s ratchet

Journal Article · 24 October 2018 · New Journal of Physics

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/aae71f · OSTI ID:1429695

Bang, Jaehoon ^[1];

^[2]; Hoang, Thai M. ^[3]; Ahn, Jonghoon ^[1];

^[4]; Quan, H. T. ^[5]; Li, Tongcang ^[1]

Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States)
Peking Univ., Beijing (People's Republic of China)
Purdue Univ., West Lafayette, IN (United States); Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
Peking Univ., Beijing (People's Republic of China); Collaborative Innovation Center of Quantum Matter, Beijing (People's Republic of China)

Feynman's ratchet is a microscopic machine in contact with two heat reservoirs, at temperatures T_A and T_B, that was proposed by Richard Feynman to illustrate the second law of thermodynamics. In equilibrium (T_A = T_B), thermal fluctuations prevent the ratchet from generating directed motion. When the ratchet is maintained away from equilibrium by a temperature difference (T_A≠T_B), it can operate as a heat engine, rectifying thermal fluctuations to perform work. While it has attracted much interest, the operation of Feynman's ratchet as a heat engine has not been realized experimentally, due to technical challenges. In this work, we realize Feynman's ratchet with a colloidal particle in a one dimensional optical trap in contact with two heat reservoirs: one is the surrounding water, while the effect of the other reservoir is generated by a novel feedback mechanism, using the Metropolis algorithm to impose detailed balance. We verify that the system does not produce work when T_A = T_B, and that it becomes a microscopic heat engine when T_A≠T_B. We analyze work, heat and entropy production as functions of the temperature difference and external load. As a result, our experimental realization of Feynman's ratchet and the Metropolis algorithm can also be used to study the thermodynamics of feedback control and information processing, the working mechanism of molecular motors, and controllable particle transportation.

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Research Organization:: Sandia National Laboratories (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE National Nuclear Security Administration (NNSA)

Grant/Contract Number:: AC04-94AL85000

OSTI ID:: 1429695

Report Number(s):: SAND--2017-12705J; 658965

Journal Information:: New Journal of Physics, Journal Name: New Journal of Physics Journal Issue: 10 Vol. 20; ISSN 1367-2630

Publisher:: IOP PublishingCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Thermal generation of shift electric current Budkin, G. V.; Tarasenko, S. A. New Journal of Physics, Vol. 22, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ab64af	journal	January 2020
Solvable model of a many-filament Brownian ratchet Wood, Anthony J.; Blythe, Richard A.; Evans, Martin R. Physical Review E, Vol. 100, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1103/physreve.100.042122	journal	October 2019

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