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Title: Bifunctional glycosyltransferases catalyze both extension and termination of pectic galactan oligosaccharides

Abstract

Summary Pectins are the most complex polysaccharides of the plant cell wall. Based on the number of methylations, acetylations and glycosidic linkages present in their structures, it is estimated that up to 67 transferase activities are involved in pectin biosynthesis. Pectic galactans constitute a major part of pectin in the form of side‐chains of rhamnogalacturonan‐I. In Arabidopsis, galactan synthase 1 (GALS1) catalyzes the addition of galactose units from UDP‐Gal to growing β‐1,4‐galactan chains. However, the mechanisms for obtaining varying degrees of polymerization remain poorly understood. In this study, we show that At GALS1 is bifunctional, catalyzing both the transfer of galactose from UDP‐α‐ d ‐Gal and the transfer of an arabinopyranose from UDP‐β‐ l ‐Ara p to galactan chains. The two substrates share a similar structure, but UDP‐α‐ d ‐Gal is the preferred substrate, with a 10‐fold higher affinity. Transfer of Ara p to galactan prevents further addition of galactose residues, resulting in a lower degree of polymerization. We show that this dual activity occurs both in vitro and in vivo . The herein described bifunctionality of At GALS1 may suggest that plants can produce the incredible structural diversity of polysaccharides without a dedicated glycosyltransferase for each glycosidicmore » linkage.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [1];  [1];  [1];  [2]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [3]
  1. Joint BioEnergy Institute and Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94702 USA
  2. Department of Chemistry Center for Nanomedicine and Theranostics Technical University of Denmark DK‐2800 Kongens Lyngby Denmark
  3. Joint BioEnergy Institute and Environmental Genomics and Systems Biology Division Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory Berkeley CA 94702 USA, Department of Plant and Microbial Biology University of California Berkeley CA 94720 USA
Publication Date:
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE
OSTI Identifier:
1429122
Resource Type:
Publisher's Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
The Plant Journal
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: The Plant Journal Journal Volume: 94 Journal Issue: 2; Journal ID: ISSN 0960-7412
Publisher:
Wiley-Blackwell
Country of Publication:
United Kingdom
Language:
English

Citation Formats

Laursen, Tomas, Stonebloom, Solomon H., Pidatala, Venkataramana R., Birdseye, Devon S., Clausen, Mads H., Mortimer, Jenny C., and Scheller, Henrik Vibe. Bifunctional glycosyltransferases catalyze both extension and termination of pectic galactan oligosaccharides. United Kingdom: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1111/tpj.13860.
Laursen, Tomas, Stonebloom, Solomon H., Pidatala, Venkataramana R., Birdseye, Devon S., Clausen, Mads H., Mortimer, Jenny C., & Scheller, Henrik Vibe. Bifunctional glycosyltransferases catalyze both extension and termination of pectic galactan oligosaccharides. United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13860
Laursen, Tomas, Stonebloom, Solomon H., Pidatala, Venkataramana R., Birdseye, Devon S., Clausen, Mads H., Mortimer, Jenny C., and Scheller, Henrik Vibe. Thu . "Bifunctional glycosyltransferases catalyze both extension and termination of pectic galactan oligosaccharides". United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13860.
@article{osti_1429122,
title = {Bifunctional glycosyltransferases catalyze both extension and termination of pectic galactan oligosaccharides},
author = {Laursen, Tomas and Stonebloom, Solomon H. and Pidatala, Venkataramana R. and Birdseye, Devon S. and Clausen, Mads H. and Mortimer, Jenny C. and Scheller, Henrik Vibe},
abstractNote = {Summary Pectins are the most complex polysaccharides of the plant cell wall. Based on the number of methylations, acetylations and glycosidic linkages present in their structures, it is estimated that up to 67 transferase activities are involved in pectin biosynthesis. Pectic galactans constitute a major part of pectin in the form of side‐chains of rhamnogalacturonan‐I. In Arabidopsis, galactan synthase 1 (GALS1) catalyzes the addition of galactose units from UDP‐Gal to growing β‐1,4‐galactan chains. However, the mechanisms for obtaining varying degrees of polymerization remain poorly understood. In this study, we show that At GALS1 is bifunctional, catalyzing both the transfer of galactose from UDP‐α‐ d ‐Gal and the transfer of an arabinopyranose from UDP‐β‐ l ‐Ara p to galactan chains. The two substrates share a similar structure, but UDP‐α‐ d ‐Gal is the preferred substrate, with a 10‐fold higher affinity. Transfer of Ara p to galactan prevents further addition of galactose residues, resulting in a lower degree of polymerization. We show that this dual activity occurs both in vitro and in vivo . The herein described bifunctionality of At GALS1 may suggest that plants can produce the incredible structural diversity of polysaccharides without a dedicated glycosyltransferase for each glycosidic linkage.},
doi = {10.1111/tpj.13860},
journal = {The Plant Journal},
number = 2,
volume = 94,
place = {United Kingdom},
year = {Thu Mar 22 00:00:00 EDT 2018},
month = {Thu Mar 22 00:00:00 EDT 2018}
}

Journal Article:
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
https://doi.org/10.1111/tpj.13860

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Cited by: 20 works
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