Investigating the Linear Dependence of Direct and Indirect Radiative Forcing on Emission of Carbonaceous Aerosols in a Global Climate Model
Abstract
Herein, the relationship between forcing and emission is investigated for black carbon (BC) and primary organic carbon (OC) emitted from North America and Asia. Direct and indirect radiative forcing (DRF and IRF) of BC and OC are simulated with CAM5.1. Two diagnostics are introduced to aid policy-relevant discussions: linearity and emission-normalized forcing. DRF is linearly related to emission for both BC and OC from two regions, and the linear relationship is similar, within 15%. IRF is linear in emissions when emissions are lower and regions are far from sources (North American BC and OC). Indirect radiative forcing is sublinear for strong sources and near-source regions (Asian OC). Emission-normalized IRF in North America is two to four times higher than that in Asia. The difference among regions and species is primarily caused by particle density as high density of BC results in fewer emitted particles and by the processes for accumulation mode particles to become cloud condensation nuclei and then to activate into cloud droplet. Lower emission-normalized IRF in more polluted regions means that reductions of OC in these regions would be relatively climate-neutral rather than causing significant warming via IRF reduction. An optimal aggregation area (30° × 30°) is identifiedmore »
- Authors:
-
[1];
[2];
[2];
[2];
[2];
[1]
- Univ. of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, IL (United States)
- Pacific Northwest National Lab. (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States). Atmospheric Science and Global Change Div. (ASGC)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USEPA; USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1427897
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1419402
- Report Number(s):
- PNNL-SA-126780
Journal ID: ISSN 2169-897X; KP1703020
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC05-76RL01830; RD-83503401
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 123; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 2169-897X
- Publisher:
- American Geophysical Union
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; carbonaceous aerosols; radiative forcing; emission
Citation Formats
Chen, Yanju, Wang, Hailong, Singh, Balwinder, Ma, Po‐Lun, Rasch, Philip J., and Bond, Tami C. Investigating the Linear Dependence of Direct and Indirect Radiative Forcing on Emission of Carbonaceous Aerosols in a Global Climate Model. United States: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1002/2017JD027244.
Chen, Yanju, Wang, Hailong, Singh, Balwinder, Ma, Po‐Lun, Rasch, Philip J., & Bond, Tami C. Investigating the Linear Dependence of Direct and Indirect Radiative Forcing on Emission of Carbonaceous Aerosols in a Global Climate Model. United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027244
Chen, Yanju, Wang, Hailong, Singh, Balwinder, Ma, Po‐Lun, Rasch, Philip J., and Bond, Tami C. Fri .
"Investigating the Linear Dependence of Direct and Indirect Radiative Forcing on Emission of Carbonaceous Aerosols in a Global Climate Model". United States. https://doi.org/10.1002/2017JD027244. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1427897.
@article{osti_1427897,
title = {Investigating the Linear Dependence of Direct and Indirect Radiative Forcing on Emission of Carbonaceous Aerosols in a Global Climate Model},
author = {Chen, Yanju and Wang, Hailong and Singh, Balwinder and Ma, Po‐Lun and Rasch, Philip J. and Bond, Tami C.},
abstractNote = {Herein, the relationship between forcing and emission is investigated for black carbon (BC) and primary organic carbon (OC) emitted from North America and Asia. Direct and indirect radiative forcing (DRF and IRF) of BC and OC are simulated with CAM5.1. Two diagnostics are introduced to aid policy-relevant discussions: linearity and emission-normalized forcing. DRF is linearly related to emission for both BC and OC from two regions, and the linear relationship is similar, within 15%. IRF is linear in emissions when emissions are lower and regions are far from sources (North American BC and OC). Indirect radiative forcing is sublinear for strong sources and near-source regions (Asian OC). Emission-normalized IRF in North America is two to four times higher than that in Asia. The difference among regions and species is primarily caused by particle density as high density of BC results in fewer emitted particles and by the processes for accumulation mode particles to become cloud condensation nuclei and then to activate into cloud droplet. Lower emission-normalized IRF in more polluted regions means that reductions of OC in these regions would be relatively climate-neutral rather than causing significant warming via IRF reduction. An optimal aggregation area (30° × 30°) is identified for analysis of the forcing-to-emission relationship. For IRF, only 15–40% of the Earth’s surface is significantly affected by an emission region, but forcing in these regions comprises most of the global impact. Emission-normalized forcing can be used to estimate forcing changes due to emission reductions, as long as causes of nonlinearity are identified and considered.},
doi = {10.1002/2017JD027244},
journal = {Journal of Geophysical Research: Atmospheres},
number = 3,
volume = 123,
place = {United States},
year = {Fri Feb 02 00:00:00 EST 2018},
month = {Fri Feb 02 00:00:00 EST 2018}
}
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