A Pixel Pitch-Matched Ultrasound Receiver for 3-D Photoacoustic Imaging With Integrated Delta-Sigma Beamformer in 28-nm UTBB FD-SOI
Abstract
This study presents a pixel pitch-matched readout chip for 3-D photoacoustic (PA) imaging, featuring a dedicated signal conditioning and delta-sigma modulation integrated within a pixel area of 250 μm by 250 μm. The proof-of-concept receiver was implemented in an STMicroelectronics's 28-nm Fully Depleted Silicon On Insulator technology, and interfaces to a 4 × 4 subarray of capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers (CMUTs). The front-end signal conditioning in each pixel employs a coarse/fine gain tuning architecture to fulfill the 90-dB dynamic range requirement of the application. The employed delta-sigma beamforming architecture obviates the need for area-consuming Nyquist ADCs and thereby enables an efficient in-pixel A/D conversion. The per-pixel switched-capacitor ΔΣ modulator leverages slewing-dominated and area-optimized inverter-based amplifiers. It occupies only 1/4th of the pixel, and its area compares favorably with state-of-the-art designs that offer the same SNR and bandwidth. The modulator's measured peak signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio is 59.9 dB for a 10-MHz input bandwidth, and it consumes 6.65 mW from a 1V supply. The overall subarray beamforming approach improves the area per channel by 7.4 times and the single-channel SNR by 8 dB compared to prior art with similar delay resolution and power dissipation. Finally, the functionality of the designed chip was evaluatedmore »
- Authors:
-
- Robert-Bosch Sensortec, Palo Alto, CA (United States)
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States)
- Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
- STMicroelectronics, Crolles (France)
- Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Rad/Molecular Imaging Program
- Stanford Univ., CA (United States). Dept. of Electrical Engineering
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- SLAC National Accelerator Lab., Menlo Park, CA (United States); Stanford Univ., CA (United States); Pennsylvania State Univ., University Park, PA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE; National Inst. of Health (NIH) (United States); Stanford Univ. (United States); Semiconductor Research Corporation (SRC) (United States)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1427512
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC02-76SF00515; NIBIB-K99EB017729
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 52; Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 0018-9200
- Publisher:
- IEEE
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 42 ENGINEERING; 47 OTHER INSTRUMENTATION; 3-D photoacoustic (PA) imaging; analog-to-digital conversion (ADC); capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducer (CMUT); CMOS; delta-sigma modulation; FDSOI; matrix transducer array; subarray beamforming; ultrasound (US)
Citation Formats
Chen, Man-Chia, Perez, Aldo Pena, Kothapalli, Sri-Rajasekhar, Cathelin, Philippe, Cathelin, Andreia, Gambhir, Sanjiv Sam, and Murmann, Boris. A Pixel Pitch-Matched Ultrasound Receiver for 3-D Photoacoustic Imaging With Integrated Delta-Sigma Beamformer in 28-nm UTBB FD-SOI. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1109/jssc.2017.2749425.
Chen, Man-Chia, Perez, Aldo Pena, Kothapalli, Sri-Rajasekhar, Cathelin, Philippe, Cathelin, Andreia, Gambhir, Sanjiv Sam, & Murmann, Boris. A Pixel Pitch-Matched Ultrasound Receiver for 3-D Photoacoustic Imaging With Integrated Delta-Sigma Beamformer in 28-nm UTBB FD-SOI. United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2017.2749425
Chen, Man-Chia, Perez, Aldo Pena, Kothapalli, Sri-Rajasekhar, Cathelin, Philippe, Cathelin, Andreia, Gambhir, Sanjiv Sam, and Murmann, Boris. Mon .
"A Pixel Pitch-Matched Ultrasound Receiver for 3-D Photoacoustic Imaging With Integrated Delta-Sigma Beamformer in 28-nm UTBB FD-SOI". United States. https://doi.org/10.1109/jssc.2017.2749425. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1427512.
@article{osti_1427512,
title = {A Pixel Pitch-Matched Ultrasound Receiver for 3-D Photoacoustic Imaging With Integrated Delta-Sigma Beamformer in 28-nm UTBB FD-SOI},
author = {Chen, Man-Chia and Perez, Aldo Pena and Kothapalli, Sri-Rajasekhar and Cathelin, Philippe and Cathelin, Andreia and Gambhir, Sanjiv Sam and Murmann, Boris},
abstractNote = {This study presents a pixel pitch-matched readout chip for 3-D photoacoustic (PA) imaging, featuring a dedicated signal conditioning and delta-sigma modulation integrated within a pixel area of 250 μm by 250 μm. The proof-of-concept receiver was implemented in an STMicroelectronics's 28-nm Fully Depleted Silicon On Insulator technology, and interfaces to a 4 × 4 subarray of capacitive micromachined ultrasound transducers (CMUTs). The front-end signal conditioning in each pixel employs a coarse/fine gain tuning architecture to fulfill the 90-dB dynamic range requirement of the application. The employed delta-sigma beamforming architecture obviates the need for area-consuming Nyquist ADCs and thereby enables an efficient in-pixel A/D conversion. The per-pixel switched-capacitor ΔΣ modulator leverages slewing-dominated and area-optimized inverter-based amplifiers. It occupies only 1/4th of the pixel, and its area compares favorably with state-of-the-art designs that offer the same SNR and bandwidth. The modulator's measured peak signal-to-noise-and-distortion ratio is 59.9 dB for a 10-MHz input bandwidth, and it consumes 6.65 mW from a 1V supply. The overall subarray beamforming approach improves the area per channel by 7.4 times and the single-channel SNR by 8 dB compared to prior art with similar delay resolution and power dissipation. Finally, the functionality of the designed chip was evaluated within a PA imaging experiment, employing a flip-chip bonded 2-D CMUT array.},
doi = {10.1109/jssc.2017.2749425},
journal = {IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits},
number = 11,
volume = 52,
place = {United States},
year = {2017},
month = {10}
}
Web of Science