Understanding the crack formation of graphite particles in cycled commercial lithium-ion batteries by focused ion beam - scanning electron microscopy

Lin, Na; Jia, Zhe; Wang, Zhihui; Zhao, Hui; Ai, Guo; Song, Xiangyun; Bai, Ying; Battaglia, Vincent; Sun, Chengdong; Qiao, Juan; Wu, Kai; Liu, Gao

doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.08.045

Title: Understanding the crack formation of graphite particles in cycled commercial lithium-ion batteries by focused ion beam - scanning electron microscopy

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Abstract

Here in this paper, the structure degradation of commercial Lithium-ion battery (LIB) graphite anodes with different cycling numbers and charge rates was investigated by focused ion beam (FIB) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cross-section image of graphite anode by FIB milling shows that cracks, resulted in the volume expansion of graphite electrode during long-term cycling, were formed in parallel with the current collector. The crack occurs in the bulk of graphite particles near the lithium insertion surface, which might derive from the stress induced during lithiation and de-lithiation cycles. Subsequently, crack takes place along grain boundaries of the polycrystalline graphite, but only in the direction parallel with the current collector. Furthermore, fast charge graphite electrodes are more prone to form cracks since the tensile strength of graphite is more likely to be surpassed at higher charge rates. Therefore, for LIBs long-term or high charge rate applications, the tensile strength of graphite anode should be taken into account.

Authors:

Lin, Na ^[1]; Jia, Zhe ^[2]; Wang, Zhihui ^[2]; Zhao, Hui ^[2]; Ai, Guo ^[3]; Song, Xiangyun ^[2]; Bai, Ying ^[4]; Battaglia, Vincent ^[2]; Sun, Chengdong ^[5]; Qiao, Juan ^[6]; Wu, Kai ^[5];

^[2]

Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Energy Technologies Area; Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China). Dept. of Chemistry
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Energy Technologies Area
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Energy Technologies Area; Science and Technology on Reliability Physics and Application of Electronic Component Lab., Guangzhou (China). No.5 Electronic Research Inst. of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology
Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States). Energy Storage and Distributed Resources Division, Energy Technologies Area; Beijing Inst. of Technology, Beijing (China). School of Chemical Engineering & Environment
Ningde Amperex Technology Co. Ltd, Ningde, Fujian (China). Research Inst.
Tsinghua Univ., Beijing (China). Dept. of Chemistry

Publication Date:: 2017-10-01

Research Org.:: Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Vehicle Technologies Office (EE-3V); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES); National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC)

OSTI Identifier:: 1426725

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1495798

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-05CH11231; 91233118; 91433205; 2011CB808403

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Power Sources

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 365; Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0378-7753

Publisher:: Elsevier

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 25 ENERGY STORAGE; LIB; Graphite; FIB; SEM; Crack formation

Citation Formats


                    Lin, Na, Jia, Zhe, Wang, Zhihui, Zhao, Hui, Ai, Guo, Song, Xiangyun, Bai, Ying, Battaglia, Vincent, Sun, Chengdong, Qiao, Juan, Wu, Kai, and Liu, Gao. Understanding the crack formation of graphite particles in cycled commercial lithium-ion batteries by focused ion beam - scanning electron microscopy.  United States: N. p., 2017. 
Web.  doi:10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.08.045.

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                    Lin, Na, Jia, Zhe, Wang, Zhihui, Zhao, Hui, Ai, Guo, Song, Xiangyun, Bai, Ying, Battaglia, Vincent, Sun, Chengdong, Qiao, Juan, Wu, Kai, & Liu, Gao. Understanding the crack formation of graphite particles in cycled commercial lithium-ion batteries by focused ion beam - scanning electron microscopy.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.08.045

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                    Lin, Na, Jia, Zhe, Wang, Zhihui, Zhao, Hui, Ai, Guo, Song, Xiangyun, Bai, Ying, Battaglia, Vincent, Sun, Chengdong, Qiao, Juan, Wu, Kai, and Liu, Gao. Sun .  
"Understanding the crack formation of graphite particles in cycled commercial lithium-ion batteries by focused ion beam - scanning electron microscopy".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.08.045.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1426725.

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@article{osti_1426725,

  title        = {Understanding the crack formation of graphite particles in cycled commercial lithium-ion batteries by focused ion beam - scanning electron microscopy},

  author       = {Lin, Na and Jia, Zhe and Wang, Zhihui and Zhao, Hui and Ai, Guo and Song, Xiangyun and Bai, Ying and Battaglia, Vincent and Sun, Chengdong and Qiao, Juan and Wu, Kai and Liu, Gao},

  abstractNote = {Here in this paper, the structure degradation of commercial Lithium-ion battery (LIB) graphite anodes with different cycling numbers and charge rates was investigated by focused ion beam (FIB) and scanning electron microscopy (SEM). The cross-section image of graphite anode by FIB milling shows that cracks, resulted in the volume expansion of graphite electrode during long-term cycling, were formed in parallel with the current collector. The crack occurs in the bulk of graphite particles near the lithium insertion surface, which might derive from the stress induced during lithiation and de-lithiation cycles. Subsequently, crack takes place along grain boundaries of the polycrystalline graphite, but only in the direction parallel with the current collector. Furthermore, fast charge graphite electrodes are more prone to form cracks since the tensile strength of graphite is more likely to be surpassed at higher charge rates. Therefore, for LIBs long-term or high charge rate applications, the tensile strength of graphite anode should be taken into account.},

  doi          = {10.1016/j.jpowsour.2017.08.045},

  journal      = {Journal of Power Sources},

  number       = C,

  volume       = 365,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2017},

  month        = {10}

}

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