Tuning the Magnetic Properties and Structural Stabilities of the 2-17-3 Magnets Sm2Fe17X3 (X=C, N) by Substituting La or Ce for Sm

Pandey, Tribhuwan; Du, Mao-Hua; Parker, David S.

doi:10.1103/PhysRevApplied.9.034002

Title: Tuning the Magnetic Properties and Structural Stabilities of the 2-17-3 Magnets Sm₂Fe₁₇X₃ (X=C, N) by Substituting La or Ce for Sm

Abstract

Designing a permanent magnet with reduced critical rare-earth content is of paramount importance in the development of cost-effective modern technologies. By performing comprehensive first-principles calculations, we investigate the potential avenues for reducing the critical rare-earth content in Sm₂Fe₁₇N₃ and Sm₂Fe₁₇C₃ by making a La or Ce substitution for Sm. The calculated magnetic properties of base compounds are in good agreement with the previous low-temperature (4.2-K) experimental measurements, and they show a large axial anisotropy. Although La or Ce substitution results in a slight reduction of magnetic anisotropy, the magnetic moments of Fe atoms mostly remain unchanged. Specifically, large axial anisotropies of 7.2 and 4.1 MJ/m³ are obtained for SmCeFe₁₇N₃ and SmLaFe₁₇N₃, respectively. These values of anisotropies are comparable to the state-of-the-art permanent magnet Nd₂Fe₁₄B. The foremost limitation of Sm₂Fe₁₇X₃ magnets for practical application is the formation nitrogen or carbon vacancies at high temperatures. By calculating the N- (C)- vacancy formation energy, we show that La or Ce substitution enhances the vacancy formation energy. Here, this enhanced vacancy formation energy will likely improve the thermodynamic stability of these alloys at high temperatures. Therefore, La- or Ce-substituted Sm₂Fe₁₇C₃ and Sm₂Fe₁₇N₃ compounds are promising candidates for high-performance permanent magnets with substantially reduced rare-earthmore » content.« less

Authors:

^[1];

^[1]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Materials Science & Technology Division

Publication Date:: 2018-03-05

Research Org.:: Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE); USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)

OSTI Identifier:: 1426581

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1423720

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Physical Review Applied

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 9; Journal Issue: 3; Journal ID: ISSN 2331-7019

Publisher:: American Physical Society (APS)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE; Rare Earth alloys

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                    Pandey, Tribhuwan, Du, Mao-Hua, and Parker, David S. Tuning the Magnetic Properties and Structural Stabilities of the 2-17-3 Magnets Sm2Fe17X3 (X=C, N) by Substituting La or Ce for Sm.  United States: N. p., 2018. 
Web.  doi:10.1103/PhysRevApplied.9.034002.

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                    Pandey, Tribhuwan, Du, Mao-Hua, & Parker, David S. Tuning the Magnetic Properties and Structural Stabilities of the 2-17-3 Magnets Sm2Fe17X3 (X=C, N) by Substituting La or Ce for Sm.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.9.034002

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                    Pandey, Tribhuwan, Du, Mao-Hua, and Parker, David S. Mon .  
"Tuning the Magnetic Properties and Structural Stabilities of the 2-17-3 Magnets Sm2Fe17X3 (X=C, N) by Substituting La or Ce for Sm".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevApplied.9.034002.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1426581.

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@article{osti_1426581,

  title        = {Tuning the Magnetic Properties and Structural Stabilities of the 2-17-3 Magnets Sm2Fe17X3 (X=C, N) by Substituting La or Ce for Sm},

  author       = {Pandey, Tribhuwan and Du, Mao-Hua and Parker, David S.},

  abstractNote = {Designing a permanent magnet with reduced critical rare-earth content is of paramount importance in the development of cost-effective modern technologies. By performing comprehensive first-principles calculations, we investigate the potential avenues for reducing the critical rare-earth content in Sm2Fe17N3 and Sm2Fe17C3 by making a La or Ce substitution for Sm. The calculated magnetic properties of base compounds are in good agreement with the previous low-temperature (4.2-K) experimental measurements, and they show a large axial anisotropy. Although La or Ce substitution results in a slight reduction of magnetic anisotropy, the magnetic moments of Fe atoms mostly remain unchanged. Specifically, large axial anisotropies of 7.2 and 4.1 MJ/m3 are obtained for SmCeFe17N3 and SmLaFe17N3, respectively. These values of anisotropies are comparable to the state-of-the-art permanent magnet Nd2Fe14B. The foremost limitation of Sm2Fe17X3 magnets for practical application is the formation nitrogen or carbon vacancies at high temperatures. By calculating the N- (C)- vacancy formation energy, we show that La or Ce substitution enhances the vacancy formation energy. Here, this enhanced vacancy formation energy will likely improve the thermodynamic stability of these alloys at high temperatures. Therefore, La- or Ce-substituted Sm2Fe17C3 and Sm2Fe17N3 compounds are promising candidates for high-performance permanent magnets with substantially reduced rare-earth content.},

  doi          = {10.1103/PhysRevApplied.9.034002},

  journal      = {Physical Review Applied},

  number       = 3,

  volume       = 9,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {2018},

  month        = {3}

}

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Figure 1: (a) Crystal structure of the rhombohedral (Th₂Zn₁₇-type) allotropes of Sm₂Fe₁₇X₃ (a) 66 atom unit-cell (b) 22 atom primitive cell along with the crystallographic directions mapped according to the unitcell. All non equivalent crystallographic sites are also marked by the corresponding atom color. The circled red atom denotes themore »

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Journal Article Yin, Li ; Parker, David S. - Journal of Applied Physics

Due to the rapidly developing technologies and huge market demand, there has been increasing interest internationally in exploring permanent magnet formulations in addition to the well-known Nd₂Fe₁₄B and SmCo₅/Sm₂Co₁₇. Given Fe's low materials cost and generally high magnetization, Fe-rich rare earth binaries such as Ce₂Fe₁₇ comprise a rich “hunting ground” for such new materials. While this compound suffers from a low ordering point and is a helimagnet, these difficulties are easily remedied by the substitution of appropriate amounts of cobalt for Fe, with room-temperature saturation magnetization as high as 1.5 T. In this work, we try to switch the all-importantmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1063/5.0042475

Full Text Available
Phase equilibria and magnetic properties of iron-rich Fe-Nd-Ti and Fe-Sm-Ti alloys

Journal Article Jang, T S ; Stadelmaier, H H - Journal of Applied Physics; (USA)

In Fe-Nd-Ti and Fe-Sm-Ti the phase with the hexagonal structure of Co{sub 5}R is stabilized by the addition of Ti and has a rare-earth content just above 12 at. %, but well below 16.7 at. %, so that it must be classified as a Cu{sub 7}Tb type. It and Fe{sub 17}R{sub 2} dissolve approximately 3 at. % Ti, accompanied by an increase in Curie temperature in the latter. In Fe-Nd-Ti the phase with the tetragonal Mn{sub 12}Th structure is found near Fe{sub 11}TiNd, and its low-anisotropy field is verified. It forms in the cast alloys and is stable only abovemore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.344746
Magnetic properties of a new family of ternary rare-earth iron nitrides R sub 2 Fe sub 17 N sub 3 minus. delta. (invited)

Journal Article Otani, Y ; Hurley, D P.F. ; Sun, H ; ... - Journal of Applied Physics; (USA)

A series of interstitial ternary nitrides R{sub 2}Fe{sub 17}N{sub 3{minus}{delta}} has been prepared via a gas-solid reaction for R=Ce, Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, Er, Tm, Lu, and Y. These nitrides have structures related to the Th{sub 2}Zn{sub 17} or Th{sub 2}Ni{sub 17} structures of the R{sub 2}Fe{sub 17} parent compounds, but the unit cell volumes are 6%--7% greater, and the Curie temperatures are approximately 400 K higher. The Fe-Fe exchange interactions are increased by a factor of 2.8 by nitrogenation, whereas the R-Fe exchange interactions are little changed. All compounds exhibit easy-plane anisotropy at room temperature, exceptmore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1063/1.347957
Phase stability and coercivity in La₂Fe₁₄B magnet

Journal Article Liu, X. B. ; Nlebedim, I. C. - AIP Advances

Critical rare-earth free La ₂ Fe ₁₄ B (2:14:1) has the potential to be a gap permanent magnet. However, La ₂ Fe ₁₄ B decomposes into La, α-Fe, and LaFe ₄ B ₄ phases below 1067 K. The phase stability and coercivity have been studied in La ₂ Fe ₁₄ B magnet using first principles DFT (density functional theory) calculation and micromagnetic simulation. For a perfect La ₂ Fe ₁₄ B cube (edge length of 256 nm) without any structural defects and soft magnetic secondary phases, the coercivity (8.5 kOe) is reduced to ∼40% of its magnetocrystalline anisotropy field ( H _Amore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1063/9.0000403

Full Text Available
Combined effect of chemical pressure and valence electron concentration through the electron-deficient Li substitution on the RE{sub 4}LiGe{sub 4} (RE=La, Ce, Pr, and Sm) system

Journal Article Nam, Gnu ; Jeon, Jieun ; Kim, Youngjo ; ... - Journal of Solid State Chemistry

Four members of the RE{sub 4}LiGe{sub 4} (RE=La, Ce, Pr, and Sm) system have been prepared by high-temperature reaction method and characterized by X-ray diffractions. All compounds crystallize in the orthorhombic Gd{sub 5}Si{sub 4}-type structure (space group Pnma, Pearson code oP16) with bonding interactions for interslab Ge{sub 2} dimers. The Li substitution for rare-earth elements in the RE{sub 4}LiGe{sub 4} system leads to a combined effect of the increased chemical pressure and the decreased valance electron concentration (VEC), which eventually results in the structure transformation from the Sm{sub 5}Ge{sub 4}-type with all broken interslab Ge–Ge bond for the parental RE{submore »« less
https://doi.org/10.1016/J.JSSC.2013.06.027

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Title: Tuning the Magnetic Properties and Structural Stabilities of the 2-17-3 Magnets Sm2Fe17X3 (X=C, N) by Substituting La or Ce for Sm

Abstract

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Permanent magnets: Plugging the gap journal, September 2012

Exchange interactions and temperature dependence of magnetization in half-metallic Heusler alloys journal, November 2005

Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple journal, October 1996

Rare-earth magnetic anisotropy: Is the crystal field theory valid? journal, February 1997

Hard Magnetic Materials: A Perspective journal, December 2011

Role of N in the Permanent Magnet Material Sm 2 Fe 17 N x journal, August 2015

Atomistic spin model simulations of magnetic nanomaterials journal, February 2014

LDA + DMFT Approach to Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy of Strong Magnets journal, May 2014

Intrinsic magnetic properties of compounds with the Nd2Fe14B structure journal, December 1986

Gas-phase carbonation of R2Fe17 journal, February 1992

Rare earth monopnictides and monochalcogenides from first principles: towards an electronic phase diagram of strongly correlated materials journal, November 2010

Improved magnetic properties by treatment of iron-based rare earth intermetallic compounds in anmonia journal, July 1990

Magnetic properties and structure of R2Co17−xTix intermetallic compounds (R=Pr or Nd) journal, April 1997

Ab initio screening methodology applied to the search for new permanent magnetic materials journal, December 2013

Ab initio calculation of electronic structure, crystal field, and intrinsic magnetic properties of Sm 2 Fe 17 , Sm 2 Fe 17 N 3 , Sm 2 Fe 17 C 3 , and Sm 2 Co 17 journal, March 1996

Comparison of the intrinsic magnetic properties of R2Fe14B and R (Fe11Ti); R = rare earth journal, August 1989

Density-functional theory and strong interactions: Orbital ordering in Mott-Hubbard insulators journal, August 1995

Structural and magnetic properties of ternary nitrides R2Fe17Nx (R ≡ Nd, Sm) journal, August 1991

Magnetic and Electronic Properties of Samarium-Doped Phenanthrene from First-Principles Study journal, September 2016

Magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Sm2Fe17N2 journal, November 1990

An alternative way of linearizing the augmented plane-wave method journal, March 2000

Al‐substitution effects on the magnetic properties of RCo 5 (R=Y, Pr, Nd, and Sm) journal, May 1993

Electronic and magnetic structures of the rare-earth compounds R 2 Fe 17 N ξ journal, July 1991

Magnetic properties of R ions in R Co 5 compounds ( R =Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er) journal, April 1991

Structural and low-temperature magnetic studies on compounds Sm2Fe17 with aluminium substitution for iron journal, January 1976

Magnetic anisotropy of (Sm, Y)2Fe17Ny compounds journal, March 1992

Prospects for Non-Rare Earth Permanent Magnets for Traction Motors and Generators journal, June 2012

Evidence in rare‐earth (R)–transition metal (M) intermetallics for a systematic dependence of R‐M exchange interactions on the nature of the R atom journal, April 1987

Interstitial carbonation of the Sm2Fe17 phase by reaction with hydrocarbons journal, December 1992

New interstitial rare-earth iron intermetallics produced by gas phase reaction journal, February 1992

Ferromagnetism of Fe3Sn and Alloys journal, November 2014

Magnetic properties of a new series of rare-earth iron nitrides: R 2 Fe 17 N y (y approximately 2.6) journal, July 1990

Discovery of ferromagnetism with large magnetic anisotropy in ZrMnP and HfMnP journal, August 2016

Controlling the properties of high energy density permanent magnetic materials by different processing routes journal, August 2000

Properties of sintered Nd-Fe-TM-B magnets journal, March 1988

Structural and intrinsic magnetic properties of Sm2(Fe1−xCox)17Ny journal, August 1992

Magnetocrystalline anisotropy in UMn 2 Ge 2 and related Mn-based actinide ferromagnets journal, May 2015

Anisotropy and magnetism in the LSDA + U method journal, January 2009

High coercivity in Sm 2 Fe 17 N x magnets journal, December 1990

Intrinsic magnetic properties of R 2 Fe 17 C y N x compounds: ( R =Y, Sm, Er, and Tm) journal, August 1991

Roles of light interstitials in magnetism of Fe journal, May 1995

Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple [Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3865 (1996)] journal, February 1997

Calculations of Hubbard U from first-principles journal, September 2006

2Flux growth and characterization of Ce-substituted Nd 2 Fe 14 B single crystals journal, July 2017

Magnetic Properties of RCo 5 Permanent Magnets Prepared by Liquid Phase Sintering journal, July 1973

Zur Anisotropie der Magnetisierung ferromagnetischer Einkristalle journal, May 1931

Magnetism and electronic structure calculation of SmN journal, March 2015

A method for atomistic spin dynamics simulations: implementation and examples journal, July 2008

Exchange interactions and Curie temperature in (Ga,Mn)As journal, October 2002

Structure and hyperfine properties of Sm 2 ( F e , S i ) 17 journal, December 2001

Magnetocrystalline anisotropy in Nd‐Fe‐B magnet journal, April 1987

R 2 Fe 14 B materials: Intrinsic properties and technological aspects journal, October 1991

A study of Nd2Fe14B and a neodymium-rich phase in sintered NdFeB magnets journal, January 1990

Magnetic and crystallographic characteristics of rare-earth ternary carbides derived from R2Fe17 compounds journal, May 1990

Anisotropy of rare-earth magnets journal, August 2009

Effect of nitrogen content on magnetic properties of Sm/sub 2/Fe/sub 17/N/sub x/ (0<x<6) journal, September 1992

Ferromagnetic Anisotropy and the Itinerant Electron Model journal, November 1940

Neutron powder-diffraction study of Pr 2 Fe 17 and Pr 2 Fe 17 N 2.9 journal, February 1992

Magnetic properties and crystal structure of Nd2Fe14B journal, May 1984

Calculation of magnetic anisotropy energy in SmCo 5 journal, June 2003

Magnetic properties and thermal stability of Sm2Fe17Nx with intermediate nitrogen concentrations journal, December 1992

Ab initio electron theory for hard-magnetic rare-earth-transition-metal intermetallics journal, July 1993

New developments in hard magnetic materials journal, September 1991

Anisotropy of easy-plane Y2Fe17, Y2Fe17N3 and Sm2Fe17 journal, February 1995

Magnetic phase transition and magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Sm 2 Fe 17 C x N y journal, November 1991

Analysis of the magnetic properties of R 2 Co 17 ( R =Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er) journal, February 1993

Self-interaction correction to density-functional approximations for many-electron systems journal, May 1981

Magnetic properties of R2Co17−xGax compounds (RSm and Gd) journal, August 1997

Effect of lattice relaxation on magnetic anisotropy: Zr -doped Sm 2 Co 17 journal, January 2004

Theoretical screening of intermetallic ThMn12-type phases for new hard-magnetic compounds with low rare earth content journal, April 2016

Magnetic properties of R2Co17-xGax and RCo5-xGax alloys (R = Y, Tb) in high magnetic fields journal, January 2008

Magnetism and magnetic materials: by J.M.D. Coey, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2018, 617 pp., £59.99 (paperback), ISBN 9781108717519. Scope: review. Level: advanced undergraduate, postgraduate, early career researcher, researcher. journal, October 2019

Magnetic properties of RCo 5 permanent magnets prepared by liquid phase sintering journal, September 1972

Ab initio screening methodology applied to the search for new permanent magnetic materials text, January 2013

Magnetism and Magnetic Materials journal, October 1959

Atomistic spin model simulations of magnetic nanomaterials text, January 2013

Title: Tuning the Magnetic Properties and Structural Stabilities of the 2-17-3 Magnets Sm₂Fe₁₇X₃ (X=C, N) by Substituting La or Ce for Sm

Permanent magnets: Plugging the gap
journal, September 2012

Exchange interactions and temperature dependence of magnetization in half-metallic Heusler alloys
journal, November 2005

Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple
journal, October 1996

Rare-earth magnetic anisotropy: Is the crystal field theory valid?
journal, February 1997

Hard Magnetic Materials: A Perspective
journal, December 2011

Role of N in the Permanent Magnet Material Sm ₂ Fe ₁₇ N _x
journal, August 2015

Atomistic spin model simulations of magnetic nanomaterials
journal, February 2014

$LDA + DMFT$ Approach to Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy of Strong Magnets
journal, May 2014

Intrinsic magnetic properties of compounds with the Nd2Fe14B structure
journal, December 1986

Gas-phase carbonation of R2Fe17
journal, February 1992

Rare earth monopnictides and monochalcogenides from first principles: towards an electronic phase diagram of strongly correlated materials
journal, November 2010

Improved magnetic properties by treatment of iron-based rare earth intermetallic compounds in anmonia
journal, July 1990

Magnetic properties and structure of R2Co17−xTix intermetallic compounds (R=Pr or Nd)
journal, April 1997

Ab initio screening methodology applied to the search for new permanent magnetic materials
journal, December 2013

Ab initio calculation of electronic structure, crystal field, and intrinsic magnetic properties of ${Sm}_{2}$ ${Fe}_{17}$ , ${Sm}_{2}$ ${Fe}_{17}$ $N_{3}$ , ${Sm}_{2}$ ${Fe}_{17}$ $C_{3}$ , and ${Sm}_{2}$ ${Co}_{17}$
journal, March 1996

Comparison of the intrinsic magnetic properties of R2Fe14B and R (Fe11Ti); R = rare earth
journal, August 1989

Density-functional theory and strong interactions: Orbital ordering in Mott-Hubbard insulators
journal, August 1995

Structural and magnetic properties of ternary nitrides R2Fe17Nx (R ≡ Nd, Sm)
journal, August 1991

Magnetic and Electronic Properties of Samarium-Doped Phenanthrene from First-Principles Study
journal, September 2016

Magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Sm2Fe17N2
journal, November 1990

An alternative way of linearizing the augmented plane-wave method
journal, March 2000

Al‐substitution effects on the magnetic properties of RCo ₅ (R=Y, Pr, Nd, and Sm)
journal, May 1993

Electronic and magnetic structures of the rare-earth compounds $R_{2}$ ${Fe}_{17}$ $N_{ξ}$
journal, July 1991

Magnetic properties of R ions in R ${Co}_{5}$ compounds ( R =Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er)
journal, April 1991

Structural and low-temperature magnetic studies on compounds Sm2Fe17 with aluminium substitution for iron
journal, January 1976

Magnetic anisotropy of (Sm, Y)2Fe17Ny compounds
journal, March 1992

Prospects for Non-Rare Earth Permanent Magnets for Traction Motors and Generators
journal, June 2012

Evidence in rare‐earth (R)–transition metal (M) intermetallics for a systematic dependence of R‐M exchange interactions on the nature of the R atom
journal, April 1987

Interstitial carbonation of the Sm2Fe17 phase by reaction with hydrocarbons
journal, December 1992

New interstitial rare-earth iron intermetallics produced by gas phase reaction
journal, February 1992

Ferromagnetism of Fe3Sn and Alloys
journal, November 2014

Magnetic properties of a new series of rare-earth iron nitrides: R ₂ Fe ₁₇ N _y (y approximately 2.6)
journal, July 1990

Discovery of ferromagnetism with large magnetic anisotropy in ZrMnP and HfMnP
journal, August 2016

Controlling the properties of high energy density permanent magnetic materials by different processing routes
journal, August 2000

Properties of sintered Nd-Fe-TM-B magnets
journal, March 1988

Structural and intrinsic magnetic properties of Sm2(Fe1−xCox)17Ny
journal, August 1992

Magnetocrystalline anisotropy in ${UMn}_{2} {Ge}_{2}$ and related Mn-based actinide ferromagnets
journal, May 2015

Anisotropy and magnetism in the $LSDA + U$ method
journal, January 2009

High coercivity in Sm ₂ Fe ₁₇ N _x magnets
journal, December 1990

Intrinsic magnetic properties of R ₂ Fe ₁₇ C _y N _x compounds: ( R =Y, Sm, Er, and Tm)
journal, August 1991

Roles of light interstitials in magnetism of Fe
journal, May 1995

Generalized Gradient Approximation Made Simple [Phys. Rev. Lett. 77, 3865 (1996)]
journal, February 1997

Calculations of Hubbard $U$ from first-principles
journal, September 2006

2Flux growth and characterization of Ce-substituted ${Nd}_{2} {Fe}_{14} B$ single crystals
journal, July 2017

Magnetic Properties of RCo ₅ Permanent Magnets Prepared by Liquid Phase Sintering
journal, July 1973

Zur Anisotropie der Magnetisierung ferromagnetischer Einkristalle
journal, May 1931

Magnetism and electronic structure calculation of SmN
journal, March 2015

A method for atomistic spin dynamics simulations: implementation and examples
journal, July 2008

Exchange interactions and Curie temperature in (Ga,Mn)As
journal, October 2002

Structure and hyperfine properties of ${Sm}_{2} (F e, S i)_{17}$
journal, December 2001

Magnetocrystalline anisotropy in Nd‐Fe‐B magnet
journal, April 1987

$R_{2}$ ${Fe}_{14}$ B materials: Intrinsic properties and technological aspects
journal, October 1991

A study of Nd2Fe14B and a neodymium-rich phase in sintered NdFeB magnets
journal, January 1990

Magnetic and crystallographic characteristics of rare-earth ternary carbides derived from R2Fe17 compounds
journal, May 1990

Anisotropy of rare-earth magnets
journal, August 2009

Effect of nitrogen content on magnetic properties of Sm/sub 2/Fe/sub 17/N/sub x/ (0<x<6)
journal, September 1992

Ferromagnetic Anisotropy and the Itinerant Electron Model
journal, November 1940

Neutron powder-diffraction study of $\Pr_{2}$ ${Fe}_{17}$ and $\Pr_{2}$ ${Fe}_{17}$ $N_{2.9}$
journal, February 1992

Magnetic properties and crystal structure of Nd2Fe14B
journal, May 1984

Calculation of magnetic anisotropy energy in ${SmCo}_{5}$
journal, June 2003

Magnetic properties and thermal stability of Sm2Fe17Nx with intermediate nitrogen concentrations
journal, December 1992

Ab initio electron theory for hard-magnetic rare-earth-transition-metal intermetallics
journal, July 1993

New developments in hard magnetic materials
journal, September 1991

Anisotropy of easy-plane Y2Fe17, Y2Fe17N3 and Sm2Fe17
journal, February 1995

Magnetic phase transition and magnetocrystalline anisotropy of Sm ₂ Fe ₁₇ C _x N _y
journal, November 1991

Analysis of the magnetic properties of $R_{2}$ ${Co}_{17}$ ( R =Pr, Nd, Sm, Gd, Tb, Dy, Ho, and Er)
journal, February 1993

Self-interaction correction to density-functional approximations for many-electron systems
journal, May 1981

Magnetic properties of R2Co17−xGax compounds (RSm and Gd)
journal, August 1997

Effect of lattice relaxation on magnetic anisotropy: $Zr$ -doped ${Sm}_{2} {Co}_{17}$
journal, January 2004

Theoretical screening of intermetallic ThMn12-type phases for new hard-magnetic compounds with low rare earth content
journal, April 2016

Magnetic properties of R2Co17-xGax and RCo5-xGax alloys (R = Y, Tb) in high magnetic fields
journal, January 2008

Magnetism and magnetic materials: by J.M.D. Coey, Cambridge, Cambridge University Press, 2018, 617 pp., £59.99 (paperback), ISBN 9781108717519. Scope: review. Level: advanced undergraduate, postgraduate, early career researcher, researcher.
journal, October 2019

Magnetic properties of RCo ₅ permanent magnets prepared by liquid phase sintering
journal, September 1972

Ab initio screening methodology applied to the search for new permanent magnetic materials
text, January 2013

Magnetism and Magnetic Materials
journal, October 1959

Atomistic spin model simulations of magnetic nanomaterials
text, January 2013

LDA+DMFT Approach to Magnetocrystalline Anisotropy of Strong Magnets
text, January 2014

Magnetism and electronic structure calculation of SmN
text, January 2014

Discovery of ferromagnetism with large magnetic anisotropy in ZrMnP and HfMnP
text, January 2016