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Title: Long-Term Warming Alters Carbohydrate Degradation Potential in Temperate Forest Soils

Abstract

ABSTRACT As Earth's climate warms, soil carbon pools and the microbial communities that process them may change, altering the way in which carbon is recycled in soil. In this study, we used a combination of metagenomics and bacterial cultivation to evaluate the hypothesis that experimentally raising soil temperatures by 5°C for 5, 8, or 20 years increased the potential for temperate forest soil microbial communities to degrade carbohydrates. Warming decreased the proportion of carbohydrate-degrading genes in the organic horizon derived from eukaryotes and increased the fraction of genes in the mineral soil associated with Actinobacteria in all studies. Genes associated with carbohydrate degradation increased in the organic horizon after 5 years of warming but had decreased in the organic horizon after warming the soil continuously for 20 years. However, a greater proportion of the 295 bacteria from 6 phyla (10 classes, 14 orders, and 34 families) isolated from heated plots in the 20-year experiment were able to depolymerize cellulose and xylan than bacterial isolates from control soils. Together, these findings indicate that the enrichment of bacteria capable of degrading carbohydrates could be important for accelerated carbon cycling in a warmer world. IMPORTANCE The massive carbon stocks currently held in soilsmore » have been built up over millennia, and while numerous lines of evidence indicate that climate change will accelerate the processing of this carbon, it is unclear whether the genetic repertoire of the microbes responsible for this elevated activity will also change. In this study, we showed that bacteria isolated from plots subject to 20 years of 5°C of warming were more likely to depolymerize the plant polymers xylan and cellulose, but that carbohydrate degradation capacity is not uniformly enriched by warming treatment in the metagenomes of soil microbial communities. This study illustrates the utility of combining culture-dependent and culture-independent surveys of microbial communities to improve our understanding of the role changing microbial communities may play in soil carbon cycling under climate change.« less

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1];  [2];  [3];  [2];  [4];  [5];  [2];  [4]; ORCiD logo [6];
+ Show Author Affiliations
  1. Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
  2. Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
  3. Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA, Department of Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
  4. Department of Natural Resources and the Environment, University of New Hampshire, Durham, New Hampshire, USA
  5. The Ecosystems Center, Marine Biological Laboratories, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, USA
  6. Graduate Program in Organismic and Evolutionary Biology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA, Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, USA
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
The Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Biological and Environmental Research (BER)
OSTI Identifier:
1786374
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1424727
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231; SC0010740
Resource Type:
Published Article
Journal Name:
Applied and Environmental Microbiology
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Applied and Environmental Microbiology Journal Volume: 82 Journal Issue: 22; Journal ID: ISSN 0099-2240
Publisher:
American Society for Microbiology
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; 59 BASIC BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES

Citation Formats

Pold, Grace, Billings, Andrew F., Blanchard, Jeff L., Burkhardt, Daniel B., Frey, Serita D., Melillo, Jerry M., Schnabel, Julia, van Diepen, Linda T. A., DeAngelis, Kristen M., and Löffler, ed., F. E. Long-Term Warming Alters Carbohydrate Degradation Potential in Temperate Forest Soils. United States: N. p., 2016. Web. doi:10.1128/AEM.02012-16.
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Pold, Grace, Billings, Andrew F., Blanchard, Jeff L., Burkhardt, Daniel B., Frey, Serita D., Melillo, Jerry M., Schnabel, Julia, van Diepen, Linda T. A., DeAngelis, Kristen M., & Löffler, ed., F. E. Long-Term Warming Alters Carbohydrate Degradation Potential in Temperate Forest Soils. United States. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02012-16
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Pold, Grace, Billings, Andrew F., Blanchard, Jeff L., Burkhardt, Daniel B., Frey, Serita D., Melillo, Jerry M., Schnabel, Julia, van Diepen, Linda T. A., DeAngelis, Kristen M., and Löffler, ed., F. E. Tue . "Long-Term Warming Alters Carbohydrate Degradation Potential in Temperate Forest Soils". United States. https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02012-16.
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@article{osti_1786374,
title = {Long-Term Warming Alters Carbohydrate Degradation Potential in Temperate Forest Soils},
author = {Pold, Grace and Billings, Andrew F. and Blanchard, Jeff L. and Burkhardt, Daniel B. and Frey, Serita D. and Melillo, Jerry M. and Schnabel, Julia and van Diepen, Linda T. A. and DeAngelis, Kristen M. and Löffler, ed., F. E.},
abstractNote = {ABSTRACT As Earth's climate warms, soil carbon pools and the microbial communities that process them may change, altering the way in which carbon is recycled in soil. In this study, we used a combination of metagenomics and bacterial cultivation to evaluate the hypothesis that experimentally raising soil temperatures by 5°C for 5, 8, or 20 years increased the potential for temperate forest soil microbial communities to degrade carbohydrates. Warming decreased the proportion of carbohydrate-degrading genes in the organic horizon derived from eukaryotes and increased the fraction of genes in the mineral soil associated with Actinobacteria in all studies. Genes associated with carbohydrate degradation increased in the organic horizon after 5 years of warming but had decreased in the organic horizon after warming the soil continuously for 20 years. However, a greater proportion of the 295 bacteria from 6 phyla (10 classes, 14 orders, and 34 families) isolated from heated plots in the 20-year experiment were able to depolymerize cellulose and xylan than bacterial isolates from control soils. Together, these findings indicate that the enrichment of bacteria capable of degrading carbohydrates could be important for accelerated carbon cycling in a warmer world. IMPORTANCE The massive carbon stocks currently held in soils have been built up over millennia, and while numerous lines of evidence indicate that climate change will accelerate the processing of this carbon, it is unclear whether the genetic repertoire of the microbes responsible for this elevated activity will also change. In this study, we showed that bacteria isolated from plots subject to 20 years of 5°C of warming were more likely to depolymerize the plant polymers xylan and cellulose, but that carbohydrate degradation capacity is not uniformly enriched by warming treatment in the metagenomes of soil microbial communities. This study illustrates the utility of combining culture-dependent and culture-independent surveys of microbial communities to improve our understanding of the role changing microbial communities may play in soil carbon cycling under climate change.},
doi = {10.1128/AEM.02012-16},
journal = {Applied and Environmental Microbiology},
number = 22,
volume = 82,
place = {United States},
year = {Tue Nov 15 00:00:00 EST 2016},
month = {Tue Nov 15 00:00:00 EST 2016}
}
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https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.02012-16
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