Encapsulating Various Sulfur Allotropes within Graphene Nanocages for Long‐Lasting Lithium Storage

Yuan, Yifei; Tan, Guoqiang; Wen, Jianguo; Lu, Jun; Ma, Lu; Liu, Cong; Zuo, Xiaobing; Shahbazian‐Yassar, Reza; Wu, Tianpin; Amine, Khalil

doi:10.1002/adfm.201706443

Title: Encapsulating Various Sulfur Allotropes within Graphene Nanocages for Long‐Lasting Lithium Storage

Journal Article · 06 March 2018 · Advanced Functional Materials

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/adfm.201706443 · OSTI ID:1424524

Yuan, Yifei ^[1]; Tan, Guoqiang ^[2]; Wen, Jianguo ^[3];

^[2]; Ma, Lu ^[4]; Liu, Cong ^[2]; Zuo, Xiaobing ^[4]; Shahbazian‐Yassar, Reza ^[5]; Wu, Tianpin ^[4]; Amine, Khalil ^[6]

Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL 60439 USA, Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL 60439 USA
Center for Nanoscale Materials Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL 60439 USA
X‐ray Science Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL 60439 USA
Department of Mechanical and Industrial Engineering University of Illinois at Chicago Chicago IL 60607 USA
Chemical Sciences and Engineering Division Argonne National Laboratory Argonne IL 60439 USA, Institute for Research and Medical Consultations Imam Abdulrahman Bin Faisal University Dammam 34212 Saudi Arabia

Abstract The encapsulation of sulfur within carbon matrices is widely utilized in the cathode of a rechargeable lithium–sulfur battery, whose energy density largely depends on the design of the carbon structure. Here, an advanced graphene nanocage structure with the capability of hosting both cyclo‐S ₈ and smaller sulfur molecules (S _2–4 ) is reported. The cage inner cavity is partially filled with S ₈ to form a yolk–shell structure that enables free volumetric variation of S ₈ during (de)lithiation. In the graphene shell of the cage, S ₈ are downsized to S _2–4 to activate extra sulfur loading sites within graphene layers. Importantly, the graphene shell exhibits inward volumetric variation upon (de)lithiation of the loaded S _2–4 , and the overall electrode strain is thus minimized. This prototyped design promises an ultimate solution to maximize sulfur loading in carbon matrices as well as to circumvent the polysulfide dissolution problem and boost the commercialization of lithium‐sulfur batteries in the future.

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Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: AC02-06CH11357

OSTI ID:: 1424524

Journal Information:: Advanced Functional Materials, Journal Name: Advanced Functional Materials Journal Issue: 38 Vol. 28; ISSN 1616-301X

Publisher:: Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: Germany

Language:: English

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