Shape Effect Undermined by Surface Reconstruction: Ethanol Dehydrogenation over Shape-Controlled SrTiO3 Nanocrystals

Foo, Guo Shiou; Hood, Zachary D.; Wu, Zili

doi:10.1021/acscatal.7b03341

Title: Shape Effect Undermined by Surface Reconstruction: Ethanol Dehydrogenation over Shape-Controlled SrTiO₃ Nanocrystals

Journal Article · 05 December 2017 · ACS Catalysis

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.7b03341 · OSTI ID:1422990

^[1];

^[2];

^[1]

Oak Ridge National Lab. (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States). Chemical Sciences Division and Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences
Georgia Inst. of Technology, Atlanta, GA (United States). School of Chemistry and Biochemistry

For this research, to gain an in-depth understanding of the surface properties relevant for catalysis using ternary oxides, we report the acid–base pair reactivity of shape-controlled SrTiO₃ (STO) nanocrystals for the dehydrogenation of ethanol. Cubes, truncated cubes, dodecahedra, and etched cubes of STO with varying ratios of (001) and (110) crystal facets were synthesized using a hydrothermal method. Low-energy ion scattering (LEIS) analysis revealed that the (001) surface on cubes of STO is enriched with SrO due to surface reconstruction, resulting in a high ratio of strong base sites. Chemical treatment with dilute nitric acid to form etched cubes of STO resulted in a surface enriched with Ti cations and strong acidity. Furthermore, the strength and distribution of surface acidic sites increase with the ratio of (110) facet from cubes to truncated cubes to dodecahedra for STO. Kinetic, isotopic, and spectroscopy methods show that the dehydrogenation of ethanol proceeds through the facile dissociation of the alcohol group, followed by the cleavage of the C_α–H bond, which is the rate-determining step. Co-feeding of various probe molecules during catalysis, such as NH₃, 2,6-di-tert-butylpyridine, CO₂, and SO₂, reveals that a pair of Lewis acid site and basic surface oxygen atom is involved in the dehydrogenation reaction. The surface density of acid–base site pairs was measured using acetic acid as a probe molecule, allowing initial acetaldehyde formation turnover rates to be obtained. Comparison among various catalysts reveals no simple correlation between ethanol turnover rate and the percentage of either surface facet ((001) or (110)) of the STO nanocrystals. Instead, the reaction rate is found to increase with the strength of acid sites but reversely with the strength of base sites. The acid–base property is directly related to the surface composition as a result from different surface reconstruction behaviors of the shaped STO nanocrystals. Lastly, the finding in this work underscores the importance of characterizing the top surface compositions and sites properties when assessing the catalytic performance of shape-controlled complex oxides such as perovskites.

View Accepted Manuscript (DOE)

Cite

Export

Save

Research Organization:: Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES). Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division

Grant/Contract Number:: AC05-00OR22725

OSTI ID:: 1422990

Journal Information:: ACS Catalysis, Vol. 8, Issue 1; ISSN 2155-5435

Publisher:: American Chemical Society (ACS)Copyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

References (65)

A high-mobility electron gas at the LaAlO3/SrTiO3 heterointerface Ohtomo, A.; Hwang, H. Y. Nature, Vol. 427, Issue 6973 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature02308	journal	January 2004
Anisotropic two-dimensional electron gas at SrTiO3(110) Wang, Z.; Zhong, Z.; Hao, X. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, Vol. 111, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1318304111	journal	March 2014
Emergent phenomena at oxide interfaces Hwang, H. Y.; Iwasa, Y.; Kawasaki, M. Nature Materials, Vol. 11, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat3223	journal	January 2012
Propane Oxidation over Pt/SrTiO ₃ Nanocuboids Enterkin, James A.; Setthapun, Worajit; Elam, Jeffrey W. ACS Catalysis, Vol. 1, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/cs200092c	journal	May 2011
Perovskite Oxides: Preparation, Characterizations, and Applications in Heterogeneous Catalysis Zhu, Junjiang; Li, Hailong; Zhong, Linyun ACS Catalysis, Vol. 4, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1021/cs500606g	journal	August 2014
Recent Advances of Lanthanum-Based Perovskite Oxides for Catalysis Zhu, Huiyuan; Zhang, Pengfei; Dai, Sheng ACS Catalysis, Vol. 5, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.5b01667	journal	September 2015
The structure and chemistry of the TiO2-rich surface of SrTiO3 (001) Erdman, Natasha; Poeppelmeier, Kenneth R.; Asta, Mark Nature, Vol. 419, Issue 6902 https://doi.org/10.1038/nature01010	journal	September 2002
Surface Structures of SrTiO ₃ (001): A TiO ₂ -rich Reconstruction with a c(4 × 2) Unit Cell Erdman, Natasha; Warschkow, Oliver; Asta, Mark Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 125, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja034933h	journal	August 2003
A homologous series of structures on the surface of SrTiO3(110) Enterkin, James A.; Subramanian, Arun K.; Russell, Bruce C. Nature Materials, Vol. 9, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1038/nmat2636	journal	February 2010
Transition from Order to Configurational Disorder for Surface Reconstructions on SrTiO 3 (111) Marks, L. D.; Chiaramonti, A. N.; Rahman, S. U. Physical Review Letters, Vol. 114, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevLett.114.226101	journal	June 2015
Complex surface structure of (110) terminated strontium titanate nanododecahedra Crosby, Lawrence A.; Kennedy, Robert M.; Chen, Bor-Rong Nanoscale, Vol. 8, Issue 37 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6NR05516H	journal	January 2016
Transition from Reconstruction toward Thin Film on the (110) Surface of Strontium Titanate Wang, Z.; Loon, A.; Subramanian, A. Nano Letters, Vol. 16, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.nanolett.5b05211	journal	March 2016
Interaction of nanostructured metal overlayers with oxide surfaces Fu, Qiang; Wagner, Thomas Surface Science Reports, Vol. 62, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfrep.2007.07.001	journal	November 2007
Controlling Reaction Selectivity through the Surface Termination of Perovskite Catalysts Polo-Garzon, Felipe; Yang, Shi-Ze; Fung, Victor Angewandte Chemie International Edition, Vol. 56, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1002/anie.201704656	journal	July 2017
Ab initio calculations of Ba Ti O 3 and Pb Ti O 3 (001) and (011) surface structures Eglitis, R. I.; Vanderbilt, David Physical Review B, Vol. 76, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.76.155439	journal	October 2007
Ab initio calculations of the atomic and electronic structure of CaTiO 3 (001) and (011) surfaces Eglitis, R. I.; Vanderbilt, David Physical Review B, Vol. 78, Issue 15 https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevB.78.155420	journal	October 2008
Surface properties of atomically flat poly-crystalline SrTiO3 Woo, Sungmin; Jeong, Hoidong; Lee, Sang A. Scientific Reports, Vol. 5, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep08822	journal	March 2015
Acid–Base Reactivity of Perovskite Catalysts Probed via Conversion of 2-Propanol over Titanates and Zirconates Foo, Guo Shiou; Polo-Garzon, Felipe; Fung, Victor ACS Catalysis, Vol. 7, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.7b00783	journal	June 2017
Sub-10 nm strontium titanate nanocubes highly dispersed in non-polar organic solvents Fujinami, Kyoichi; Katagiri, Kiyofumi; Kamiya, Jumpei Nanoscale, Vol. 2, Issue 10 https://doi.org/10.1039/c0nr00543f	journal	January 2010
Cubic Perovskite ZnTiO ₃ Nanopowder as a Recyclable Heterogeneous Catalyst for the Synthesis of 1,6-Naphthyridines in Water Ray, Suman; Das, Paramita; Banerjee, Biplab ChemPlusChem, Vol. 80, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1002/cplu.201402405	journal	January 2015
A General Approach to Porous Crystalline TiO ₂ , SrTiO ₃ , and BaTiO ₃ Spheres Wang, Yawen; Xu, Hua; Wang, Xiaobing The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 110, Issue 28 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp061597t	journal	July 2006
Template-Free Hydrothermal Synthesis of Single-Crystalline Barium Titanate and Strontium Titanate Nanowires Joshi, Upendra A.; Lee, Jae Sung Small, Vol. 1, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.200500055	journal	December 2005
Shape-controlled growth of SrTiO3 polyhedral submicro/nanocrystals Dong, Lingqing; Shi, Hui; Cheng, Kui Nano Research, Vol. 7, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1007/s12274-014-0495-y	journal	August 2014
Enhancing charge separation on high symmetry SrTiO ₃ exposed with anisotropic facets for photocatalytic water splitting Mu, Linchao; Zhao, Yue; Li, Ailong Energy & Environmental Science, Vol. 9, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1039/C6EE00526H	journal	January 2016
Facet-Specific Assembly of Proteins on SrTiO3 Polyhedral Nanocrystals Dong, Lingqing; Luo, Qi; Cheng, Kui Scientific Reports, Vol. 4, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1038/srep05084	journal	May 2014
Surface Tuning of La _0.5 Sr _0.5 CoO ₃ Perovskite Catalysts by Acetic Acid for NO _x Storage and Reduction Peng, Yue; Si, Wenzhe; Luo, Jinming Environmental Science & Technology, Vol. 50, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.est.6b00110	journal	June 2016
Adsorption of Gases in Multimolecular Layers Brunauer, Stephen; Emmett, P. H.; Teller, Edward Journal of the American Chemical Society, Vol. 60, Issue 2, p. 309-319 https://doi.org/10.1021/ja01269a023	journal	February 1938
Applications of High Sensitivity-Low Energy Ion Scattering (HS-LEIS) in heterogeneous catalysis ter Veen, H. R. J.; Kim, T.; Wachs, I. E. Catalysis Today, Vol. 140, Issue 3-4 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cattod.2008.10.012	journal	February 2009
Nature of Catalytic Active Sites Present on the Surface of Advanced Bulk Tantalum Mixed Oxide Photocatalysts Phivilay, Somphonh P.; Puretzky, Alexander A.; Domen, Kazunari ACS Catalysis, Vol. 3, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/cs400662m	journal	November 2013
Direct measurements of water adsorption enthalpy on hafnia and zirconia Ushakov, Sergey V.; Navrotsky, Alexandra Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 87, Issue 16 https://doi.org/10.1063/1.2108113	journal	October 2005
Energy Landscape of Water and Ethanol on Silica Surfaces Wu, Di; Guo, Xiaofeng; Sun, Hui The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 119, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.5b04271	journal	June 2015
Changes in the surface topography and electronic structure of SrTiO3(110) single crystals heated under oxidizing and reducing conditions Gunhold, Anissa; Gömann, Karsten; Beuermann, Lars Surface Science, Vol. 566-568 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.susc.2004.05.030	journal	September 2004
Comprehensive IR study on acid/base properties of metal oxides Tamura, Masazumi; Shimizu, Ken-ichi; Satsuma, Atsushi Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol. 433-434 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2012.05.008	journal	August 2012
An FT-IR study of ammonia adsorption and oxidation over anatase-supported metal oxides Amores, JosèManuel Gallardo; Escribano, Vicente Sanchez; Ramis, Gianguido Applied Catalysis B: Environmental, Vol. 13, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0926-3373(96)00092-6	journal	September 1997
Acid–base properties of alumina–magnesia mixed oxides. Part 4.—Infrared study of adsorption of carbon dioxide Lercher, Johannes A.; Colombier, Christian; Noller, Heinrich Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions 1: Physical Chemistry in Condensed Phases, Vol. 80, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1039/f19848000949	journal	January 1984
Surface Interactions of Glycerol with Acidic and Basic Metal Oxides Copeland, John R.; Santillan, Ivan A.; Schimming, Sarah McNew The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 117, Issue 41 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp4078695	journal	October 2013
Ethanol Dehydration and Dehydrogenation on γ-Al ₂ O ₃ : Mechanism of Acetaldehyde Formation DeWilde, Joseph F.; Czopinski, Christopher J.; Bhan, Aditya ACS Catalysis, Vol. 4, Issue 12 https://doi.org/10.1021/cs501239x	journal	November 2014
Acceptor-free dehydrogenation of secondary alcohols by heterogeneous cooperative catalysis between Ni nanoparticles and acid–base sites of alumina supports Shimizu, Ken-ichi; Kon, Kenichi; Shimura, Katsuya Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 300 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2013.01.005	journal	April 2013
Mechanism of dehydrogenation of secondary alcohols on chromia Nondek, L. Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 40, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9517(75)90223-7	journal	October 1975
Influence of the Preparative Method on the Activity of Highly Acidic WOx/ZrO2and the Relative Acid Activity Compared with Zeolites Santiesteban, J. G.; Vartuli, J. C.; Han, S. Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 168, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1006/jcat.1997.1658	journal	June 1997
Comparison of the acidities of WO3/Al2O3 and ultrastable faujasite catalysts Soled, S. Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 111, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0021-9517(88)90087-5	journal	June 1988
Support effects on Brønsted acid site densities and alcohol dehydration turnover rates on tungsten oxide domains Macht, Josef; Baertsch, Chelsey D.; May-Lozano, Marcos Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 227, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2004.08.014	journal	October 2004
Fourier-transform infrared study of the oxidation of ethene on MoO3/TiO2 catalysts doped with alkali metals Martin, Cristina; Martin, Ines; Rives, Vicente Journal of the Chemical Society, Faraday Transactions, Vol. 89, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1039/ft9938904131	journal	January 1993
A dems and FTir spectroscopic investigation of adsorbed ethanol on polycrystalline platinum Iwasita, Teresa; Pastor, Elena Electrochimica Acta, Vol. 39, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1016/0013-4686(94)80097-9	journal	March 1994
Isotopic transient analysis of the ethanol coupling reaction over magnesia Birky, Theodore W.; Kozlowski, Joseph T.; Davis, Robert J. Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 298 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2012.11.014	journal	February 2013
Multiproduct Steady-State Isotopic Transient Kinetic Analysis of the Ethanol Coupling Reaction over Hydroxyapatite and Magnesia Hanspal, Sabra; Young, Zachary D.; Shou, Heng ACS Catalysis, Vol. 5, Issue 3 https://doi.org/10.1021/cs502023g	journal	February 2015
IR spectral evidence of aldol condensation: Acetaldehyde adsorption over TiO2 surface Singh, Manishwar; Zhou, Nanjia; Paul, Dilip K. Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 260, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2008.07.020	journal	December 2008
Adsorption, Coadsorption, and Reaction of Acetaldehyde and NO₂ on Na−Y,FAU: An In Situ FTIR Investigation Szanyi, János; Kwak, Ja Hun; Moline, Ryan A. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B, Vol. 108, Issue 44 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp048064+	journal	October 2004
Competition between Acetaldehyde and Crotonaldehyde during Adsorption and Reaction on Anatase and Rutile Titanium Dioxide Rekoske, James E.; Barteau, Mark A. Langmuir, Vol. 15, Issue 6 https://doi.org/10.1021/la9805140	journal	February 1999
Adsorption and surface reactions of acetaldehyde on TiO2, CeO2 and Al2O3 Raskó, J.; Kiss, J. Applied Catalysis A: General, Vol. 287, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.apcata.2005.04.003	journal	June 2005
Adsorption and Reaction of Acetaldehyde on Shape-Controlled CeO ₂ Nanocrystals: Elucidation of Structure–Function Relationships Mann, Amanda K. P.; Wu, Zili; Calaza, Florencia C. ACS Catalysis, Vol. 4, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/cs500611g	journal	June 2014
Aldol Condensation of Acetaldehyde over Titania, Hydroxyapatite, and Magnesia Young, Zachary D.; Hanspal, Sabra; Davis, Robert J. ACS Catalysis, Vol. 6, Issue 5 https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.6b00264	journal	April 2016
Structure and Surface and Catalytic Properties of Mg-Al Basic Oxides Di Cosimo, J. I.; Dı́ez, V. K.; Xu, M. Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 178, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1006/jcat.1998.2161	journal	September 1998
Effect of the chemical composition on the catalytic performance of MgyAlOx catalysts for alcohol elimination reactions Díez, V. Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 215, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/S0021-9517(03)00010-1	journal	April 2003
Condensation and esterification reactions of alkanals, alkanones, and alkanols on TiO2: Elementary steps, site requirements, and synergistic effects of bifunctional strategies Wang, Shuai; Goulas, Konstantinos; Iglesia, Enrique Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 340 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2016.05.026	journal	August 2016
Substituent Effects and Molecular Descriptors of Reactivity in Condensation and Esterification Reactions of Oxygenates on Acid–Base Pairs at TiO ₂ and ZrO ₂ Surfaces Wang, Shuai; Iglesia, Enrique The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 120, Issue 38 https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.jpcc.6b07304	journal	September 2016
Experimental and theoretical assessment of the mechanism and site requirements for ketonization of carboxylic acids on oxides Wang, Shuai; Iglesia, Enrique Journal of Catalysis, Vol. 345 https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcat.2016.11.006	journal	January 2017
Adsorption and Photoinduced Decomposition of Acetone and Acetic Acid on Anatase, Brookite, and Rutile TiO ₂ Nanoparticles Mattsson, A.; Österlund, L. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 114, Issue 33 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp103263n	journal	July 2010
Ethanol, Acetaldehyde and Acetic Acid Adsorption/Electrooxidation on a Pt Thin Film Electrode under Continuous Electrolyte Flow: An in Situ ATR-FTIRS Flow Cell Study Heinen, M.; Jusys, Z.; Behm, R. J. The Journal of Physical Chemistry C, Vol. 114, Issue 21 https://doi.org/10.1021/jp101441q	journal	May 2010
On the intermediates of the acetic acid reactions on oxides: an IR study Pei, Z. -F.; Ponec, V. Applied Surface Science, Vol. 103, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1016/0169-4332(96)00453-9	journal	October 1996
FTIR study of adsorption and photoreactions of acetic acid on TiO2 Liao, Li-Fen; Lien, Chen-Fu; Lin, Jong-Liang Physical Chemistry Chemical Physics, Vol. 3, Issue 17 https://doi.org/10.1039/b103419g	journal	January 2001
Ketonization of Carboxylic Acids: Mechanisms, Catalysts, and Implications for Biomass Conversion Pham, Tu N.; Sooknoi, Tawan; Crossley, Steven P. ACS Catalysis, Vol. 3, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1021/cs400501h	journal	October 2013
Kinetics and Mechanism of Ethanol Dehydration on γ-Al ₂ O ₃ : The Critical Role of Dimer Inhibition DeWilde, Joseph F.; Chiang, Hsu; Hickman, Daniel A. ACS Catalysis, Vol. 3, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1021/cs400051k	journal	February 2013
Kinetics and Mechanism of Methanol Conversion over Anatase Titania Nanoshapes Foo, Guo Shiou; Hu, Guoxiang; Hood, Zachary D. ACS Catalysis, Vol. 7, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.7b01456	journal	July 2017
Ceria Catalysts at Nanoscale: How Do Crystal Shapes Shape Catalysis? Trovarelli, Alessandro; Llorca, Jordi ACS Catalysis, Vol. 7, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1021/acscatal.7b01246	journal	June 2017

Cited By (6)

Impact of Surface Composition of SrTiO ₃ Catalysts for Oxidative Coupling of Methane Bai, Lei; Polo‐Garzon, Felipe; Bao, Zhenghong ChemCatChem, Vol. 11, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1002/cctc.201900159	journal	April 2019
Enhancement of the SrTiO ₃ Surface Reactivity by Exposure to Electric Fields Klauke, Kurt; Kayaalp, Buğra; Biesuz, Mattia ChemNanoMat, Vol. 5, Issue 7 https://doi.org/10.1002/cnma.201900201	journal	May 2019
Capsule‐Structured Copper–Zinc Catalyst for Highly Efficient Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol Guo, Yongle; Guo, Xinwen; Song, Chunshan ChemSusChem, Vol. 12, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201902911	journal	November 2019
Interstitial N-doped SrSnO ₃ perovskite: structural design, modification and photocatalytic degradation of dyes Zhang, Xinhua; Liu, Anjie; Cao, Yali New Journal of Chemistry, Vol. 43, Issue 27 https://doi.org/10.1039/c9nj02087j	journal	January 2019
Capsule‐Structured Copper–Zinc Catalyst for Highly Efficient Hydrogenation of Carbon Dioxide to Methanol Guo, Yongle; Guo, Xinwen; Song, Chunshan ChemSusChem, Vol. 12, Issue 22 https://doi.org/10.1002/cssc.201902485	journal	October 2019
β-SnWO₄ with Morphology-Controlled Synthesis and Facet-Depending Photocatalysis Warmuth, Lucas; Feldmann, Claus ACS Omega, Vol. 4, Issue 8 https://doi.org/10.1021/acsomega.9b01593	journal	August 2019

Similar Records

The interplay between surface facet and reconstruction on isopropanol conversion over SrTiO₃ nanocrystals

Journal Article · 2020 · Journal of Catalysis · OSTI ID:1606883

Bao, Zhenghong; Fung, Victor; Polo Garzon, Felipe; +6 more

Unraveling Kinetically-Driven Mechanisms of Gold Nanocrystal Shape Transformations Using Graphene Liquid Cell Electron Microscopy

Journal Article · 2018 · Nano Letters · OSTI ID:1532337

Hauwiller, Matthew R.; Frechette, Layne B.; Jones, Matthew R.; +4 more

Number series of atoms, interatomic bonds and interface bonds defining zinc-blende nanocrystals as function of size, shape and surface orientation: Analytic tools to interpret solid state spectroscopy data

Journal Article · 2016 · AIP Advances · OSTI ID:22611393

König, Dirk

Related Subjects

37 INORGANIC, ORGANIC, PHYSICAL, AND ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY
36 MATERIALS SCIENCE
(001) facet
(110) facet
dehydrogenation
ethanol
strontium titanate
surface termination

Title: Shape Effect Undermined by Surface Reconstruction: Ethanol Dehydrogenation over Shape-Controlled SrTiO3 Nanocrystals

Citation Formats

References (65)

Cited By (6)

Similar Records

Related Subjects

Title: Shape Effect Undermined by Surface Reconstruction: Ethanol Dehydrogenation over Shape-Controlled SrTiO₃ Nanocrystals