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Title: Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernovae with Late-time Hα Emission: Three Events From the Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory

Abstract

We present observations of two new hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSN-I), iPTF15esb and iPTF16bad, showing late-time Hα emission with line luminosities of $$(1\mbox{-}3)\times {10}^{41}$$ erg s-1 and velocity widths of (4000-6000) km s-. Including the previously published iPTF13ehe, this makes up a total of three such events to date. iPTF13ehe is one of the most luminous and the slowest evolving SLSNe-I, whereas the other two are less luminous and fast decliners. We interpret this as a result of the ejecta running into a neutral H-shell located at a radius of ~1016 cm. This implies that violent mass loss must have occurred several decades before the supernova explosion. Such a short time interval suggests that eruptive mass loss could be common shortly before core collapse, and more importantly helium is unlikely to be completely stripped off the progenitor and could be present in the ejecta. It is a mystery why helium features are not detected, even though nonthermal energy sources, capable of ionizing He, may exist as suggested by the O ii absorption series in the early-time spectra. Our late-time spectra (+240 days) appear to have intrinsically lower [O i] 6300 Å luminosities than that of SN2015bn and SN2007bi, which is possibly an indication of less oxygen (<10 M). The blueshifted Hα emission relative to the hosts for all three events may be in tension with the binary model proposed for iPTF13ehe. Lastly, iPTF15esb has a peculiar light curve (LC) with three peaks separated from one another by ~22 days. The LC undulation is stronger in bluer bands. One possible explanation is ejecta-circumstellar medium interaction.

Authors:
ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [2]; ORCiD logo [3];  [3];  [4]; ORCiD logo [5]; ORCiD logo [4]; ORCiD logo [4]; ORCiD logo [6]; ORCiD logo [7]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [8]; ORCiD logo [9]; ORCiD logo [10]; ORCiD logo [3]; ORCiD logo [11]; ORCiD logo [1]; ORCiD logo [9]; ORCiD logo [1] more »; ORCiD logo [9]; ORCiD logo [1];  [12] « less
  1. California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
  2. Univ. of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (Denmark); Liverpool John Moores Univ., Liverpool (United Kingdom)
  3. Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot (Israel)
  4. Stockholm Univ., Stockholm (Sweden)
  5. San Diego State Univ., San Diego, CA (United States); The Univ. of Tokyo, Chiba (Japan)
  6. Univ. of Copenhagen, Copenhagen (Denmark); Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot (Israel)
  7. NASA Goddard Space Flight Center (GSFC), Greenbelt, MD (United States); Univ. of Maryland, College Park, MD (United States)
  8. Univ. of Washington, Seattle, WA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  9. Las Cumbres Observatory, Goleta, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Santa Barbara, CA (United States)
  10. Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot (Israel); European Southern Observatory, Garching bei Munchen (Germany)
  11. Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Univ. of California, Berkeley, CA (United States)
  12. Los Alamos National Lab. (LANL), Los Alamos, NM (United States)
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC)
OSTI Identifier:
1421822
Grant/Contract Number:  
AC02-05CH11231
Resource Type:
Accepted Manuscript
Journal Name:
The Astrophysical Journal (Online)
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: The Astrophysical Journal (Online); Journal Volume: 848; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1538-4357
Publisher:
Institute of Physics (IOP)
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Subject:
79 ASTRONOMY AND ASTROPHYSICS; stars: massive; supernovae: individual (iPTF13ehe, iPTF15esb, iPTF16bad)

Citation Formats

Yan, Lin, Lunnan, R., Perley, D. A., Gal-Yam, A., Yaron, O., Roy, R., Quimby, R., Sollerman, J., Fremling, C., Leloudas, G., Cenko, S. B., Vreeswijk, P., Graham, M. L., Howell, D. A., Cia, A. De, Ofek, E. O., Nugent, P., Kulkarni, S. R., Hosseinzadeh, G., Masci, F., McCully, C., Rebbapragada, U. D., and Wozniak, P. Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernovae with Late-time Hα Emission: Three Events From the Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory. United States: N. p., 2017. Web. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/aa8993.
Yan, Lin, Lunnan, R., Perley, D. A., Gal-Yam, A., Yaron, O., Roy, R., Quimby, R., Sollerman, J., Fremling, C., Leloudas, G., Cenko, S. B., Vreeswijk, P., Graham, M. L., Howell, D. A., Cia, A. De, Ofek, E. O., Nugent, P., Kulkarni, S. R., Hosseinzadeh, G., Masci, F., McCully, C., Rebbapragada, U. D., & Wozniak, P. Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernovae with Late-time Hα Emission: Three Events From the Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory. United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa8993
Yan, Lin, Lunnan, R., Perley, D. A., Gal-Yam, A., Yaron, O., Roy, R., Quimby, R., Sollerman, J., Fremling, C., Leloudas, G., Cenko, S. B., Vreeswijk, P., Graham, M. L., Howell, D. A., Cia, A. De, Ofek, E. O., Nugent, P., Kulkarni, S. R., Hosseinzadeh, G., Masci, F., McCully, C., Rebbapragada, U. D., and Wozniak, P. Thu . "Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernovae with Late-time Hα Emission: Three Events From the Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory". United States. https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/aa8993. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1421822.
@article{osti_1421822,
title = {Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernovae with Late-time Hα Emission: Three Events From the Intermediate Palomar Transient Factory},
author = {Yan, Lin and Lunnan, R. and Perley, D. A. and Gal-Yam, A. and Yaron, O. and Roy, R. and Quimby, R. and Sollerman, J. and Fremling, C. and Leloudas, G. and Cenko, S. B. and Vreeswijk, P. and Graham, M. L. and Howell, D. A. and Cia, A. De and Ofek, E. O. and Nugent, P. and Kulkarni, S. R. and Hosseinzadeh, G. and Masci, F. and McCully, C. and Rebbapragada, U. D. and Wozniak, P.},
abstractNote = {We present observations of two new hydrogen-poor superluminous supernovae (SLSN-I), iPTF15esb and iPTF16bad, showing late-time Hα emission with line luminosities of $(1\mbox{-}3)\times {10}^{41}$ erg s-1 and velocity widths of (4000-6000) km s-. Including the previously published iPTF13ehe, this makes up a total of three such events to date. iPTF13ehe is one of the most luminous and the slowest evolving SLSNe-I, whereas the other two are less luminous and fast decliners. We interpret this as a result of the ejecta running into a neutral H-shell located at a radius of ~1016 cm. This implies that violent mass loss must have occurred several decades before the supernova explosion. Such a short time interval suggests that eruptive mass loss could be common shortly before core collapse, and more importantly helium is unlikely to be completely stripped off the progenitor and could be present in the ejecta. It is a mystery why helium features are not detected, even though nonthermal energy sources, capable of ionizing He, may exist as suggested by the O ii absorption series in the early-time spectra. Our late-time spectra (+240 days) appear to have intrinsically lower [O i] 6300 Å luminosities than that of SN2015bn and SN2007bi, which is possibly an indication of less oxygen (<10 M⊙). The blueshifted Hα emission relative to the hosts for all three events may be in tension with the binary model proposed for iPTF13ehe. Lastly, iPTF15esb has a peculiar light curve (LC) with three peaks separated from one another by ~22 days. The LC undulation is stronger in bluer bands. One possible explanation is ejecta-circumstellar medium interaction.},
doi = {10.3847/1538-4357/aa8993},
journal = {The Astrophysical Journal (Online)},
number = 1,
volume = 848,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Oct 05 00:00:00 EDT 2017},
month = {Thu Oct 05 00:00:00 EDT 2017}
}

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  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaee6a

Nebular-phase Spectra of Superluminous Supernovae: Physical Insights from Observational and Statistical Properties
journal, January 2019

  • Nicholl, Matt; Berger, Edo; Blanchard, Peter K.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 871, Issue 1
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/aaf470

Rapid “Turn-on” of Type-1 AGN in a Quiescent Early-type Galaxy SDSS1115+0544
journal, March 2019


A Systematic Study of Superluminous Supernova Light-curve Models Using Clustering
journal, March 2019


A Simple Analysis of Type I Superluminous Supernova Peak Spectra: Composition, Expansion Velocities, and Dynamics
journal, September 2019


SN 2016iet: The Pulsational or Pair Instability Explosion of a Low-metallicity Massive CO Core Embedded in a Dense Hydrogen-poor Circumstellar Medium
journal, August 2019

  • Gomez, Sebastian; Berger, Edo; Nicholl, Matt
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 881, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4357/ab2f92

First Release of High-redshift Superluminous Supernovae from the Subaru HIgh-Z SUpernova CAmpaign (SHIZUCA). II. Spectroscopic Properties
journal, March 2019

  • Curtin, Chris; Cooke, Jeff; Moriya, Takashi J.
  • The Astrophysical Journal Supplement Series, Vol. 241, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/1538-4365/ab07c8

Evidence for a Pulsar Wind Nebula in the Type Ib Peculiar Supernova SN 2012au
journal, September 2018

  • Milisavljevic, Dan; Patnaude, Daniel J.; Chevalier, Roger A.
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 864, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aadd4e

One Thousand Days of SN2015bn: HST Imaging Shows a Light Curve Flattening Consistent with Magnetar Predictions
journal, October 2018

  • Nicholl, Matt; Blanchard, Peter K.; Berger, Edo
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 866, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aae70d

SN 2017ens: The Metamorphosis of a Luminous Broadlined Type Ic Supernova into an SN IIn
journal, November 2018


Where is the Engine Hiding Its Missing Energy? Constraints from a Deep X-Ray Non-detection of the Superluminous SN 2015bn
journal, November 2018

  • Bhirombhakdi, Kornpob; Chornock, Ryan; Margutti, Raffaella
  • The Astrophysical Journal, Vol. 868, Issue 2
  • DOI: 10.3847/2041-8213/aaee83

Results from a systematic survey of X-ray emission from Hydrogen-poor Superluminous Supernovae
text, January 2017


The GRB-SLSN Connection: mis-aligned magnetars, weak jet emergence, and observational signatures
text, January 2017


Hydrogen-Poor Superluminous Supernovae from the Pan-STARRS1 Medium Deep Survey
text, January 2017


A statistical approach to identify superluminous supernovae and probe their diversity
text, January 2017


Spectra of Hydrogen-Poor Superluminous Supernovae from the Palomar Transient Factory
text, January 2018


Evidence for a pulsar wind nebula in the Type Ib-peculiar supernova SN 2012au
text, January 2018


Superluminous Supernovae from the Dark Energy Survey
text, January 2018


Synthetic spectra of energetic core-collapse supernovae and the early spectra of SN 2007bi and SN 1999as
text, January 2019


A Systematic Study Of Superluminous Supernova Lightcurve Models Using Clustering
text, January 2019