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Title: Nucleon effective masses in neutron-rich matter

Abstract

Various kinds of isovector nucleon effective masses are used in the literature to characterize the momentum/energy dependence of the nucleon symmetry potential or self-energy due to the space/time non-locality of the underlying isovector strong interaction in neutron-rich nucleonic matter. The multifaceted studies on nucleon isovector effective masses are multi-disciplinary in nature. Besides structures, masses and low-lying excited states of nuclei as well as nuclear reactions, studies of the isospin dependence of short-range correlations in nuclei from scatterings of high-energy electrons and protons on heavy nuclei also help understand nucleon effective masses especially the so-called E-mass in neutron-rich matter. A thorough understanding of all kinds of nucleon effective masses has multiple impacts on many interesting issues in both nuclear physics and astrophysics. Indeed, essentially all microscopic many-body theories and phenomenological models with various nuclear forces available in the literature have been used to calculate single-nucleon potentials and the associated nucleon effective masses in neutron-rich matter. There are also fundamental principles connecting different aspects and impacts of isovector strong interactions. In particular, the Hugenholtz–Van Hove theorem connects analytically nuclear symmetry energy with both isoscalar and isovector nucleon effective masses as well as their own momentum dependences. It also reveals how the isospin-quarticmore » term in the equation of state of neutron-rich matter depends on the high-order momentum-derivatives of both isoscalar and isovector nucleon potentials. The Migdal–Luttinger theorem facilitates the extraction of nucleon E-mass and its isospin dependence from experimentally constrained single-nucleon momentum distributions. The momentum/energy dependence of the symmetry potential and the corresponding neutron–proton effective mass splitting also affect transport properties and the liquid–gas phase transition in neutron-rich matter. Moreover, they influence the dynamics and isospin-sensitive observables of heavy-ion collisions through both the Vlasov term and the collision integrals of the Boltzmann–Uehling–Uhlenbeck transport equation. We review here some of the significant progresses made in recent years by the nuclear physics community in resolving some of the hotly debated and longstanding issues regarding nucleon effective masses especially in dense neutron-rich matter. We also point out some of the remaining key issues requiring further investigations in the era of high precision experiments using advanced rare isotope beams.« less

Authors:
; ; ;
Publication Date:
Research Org.:
Texas A & M Univ., Commerce, TX (United States)
Sponsoring Org.:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP); National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC); Major State Basic Research Development Program in China; Shanghai Institute of Applied Physics; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Particle Physics and Cosmology
OSTI Identifier:
1421771
Alternate Identifier(s):
OSTI ID: 1658223
Grant/Contract Number:  
SC0009971; SC0013702; 11320101004; 2013CB834405; 2015CB856904; 11625521; 11275125; 11135011; 2014CB845401; 11475243; 11421505; Y290061011; Y526011011; 15DZ2272100
Resource Type:
Published Article
Journal Name:
Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics
Additional Journal Information:
Journal Name: Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics Journal Volume: 99 Journal Issue: C; Journal ID: ISSN 0146-6410
Publisher:
Elsevier
Country of Publication:
United Kingdom
Language:
English
Subject:
73 NUCLEAR PHYSICS AND RADIATION PHYSICS; nucleon effective mass; equation of state; neutron-rich matter; nuclear symmetry energy; optical potential; short-range correlation

Citation Formats

Li, Bao-An, Cai, Bao-Jun, Chen, Lie-Wen, and Xu, Jun. Nucleon effective masses in neutron-rich matter. United Kingdom: N. p., 2018. Web. doi:10.1016/j.ppnp.2018.01.001.
Li, Bao-An, Cai, Bao-Jun, Chen, Lie-Wen, & Xu, Jun. Nucleon effective masses in neutron-rich matter. United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2018.01.001
Li, Bao-An, Cai, Bao-Jun, Chen, Lie-Wen, and Xu, Jun. Thu . "Nucleon effective masses in neutron-rich matter". United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ppnp.2018.01.001.
@article{osti_1421771,
title = {Nucleon effective masses in neutron-rich matter},
author = {Li, Bao-An and Cai, Bao-Jun and Chen, Lie-Wen and Xu, Jun},
abstractNote = {Various kinds of isovector nucleon effective masses are used in the literature to characterize the momentum/energy dependence of the nucleon symmetry potential or self-energy due to the space/time non-locality of the underlying isovector strong interaction in neutron-rich nucleonic matter. The multifaceted studies on nucleon isovector effective masses are multi-disciplinary in nature. Besides structures, masses and low-lying excited states of nuclei as well as nuclear reactions, studies of the isospin dependence of short-range correlations in nuclei from scatterings of high-energy electrons and protons on heavy nuclei also help understand nucleon effective masses especially the so-called E-mass in neutron-rich matter. A thorough understanding of all kinds of nucleon effective masses has multiple impacts on many interesting issues in both nuclear physics and astrophysics. Indeed, essentially all microscopic many-body theories and phenomenological models with various nuclear forces available in the literature have been used to calculate single-nucleon potentials and the associated nucleon effective masses in neutron-rich matter. There are also fundamental principles connecting different aspects and impacts of isovector strong interactions. In particular, the Hugenholtz–Van Hove theorem connects analytically nuclear symmetry energy with both isoscalar and isovector nucleon effective masses as well as their own momentum dependences. It also reveals how the isospin-quartic term in the equation of state of neutron-rich matter depends on the high-order momentum-derivatives of both isoscalar and isovector nucleon potentials. The Migdal–Luttinger theorem facilitates the extraction of nucleon E-mass and its isospin dependence from experimentally constrained single-nucleon momentum distributions. The momentum/energy dependence of the symmetry potential and the corresponding neutron–proton effective mass splitting also affect transport properties and the liquid–gas phase transition in neutron-rich matter. Moreover, they influence the dynamics and isospin-sensitive observables of heavy-ion collisions through both the Vlasov term and the collision integrals of the Boltzmann–Uehling–Uhlenbeck transport equation. We review here some of the significant progresses made in recent years by the nuclear physics community in resolving some of the hotly debated and longstanding issues regarding nucleon effective masses especially in dense neutron-rich matter. We also point out some of the remaining key issues requiring further investigations in the era of high precision experiments using advanced rare isotope beams.},
doi = {10.1016/j.ppnp.2018.01.001},
journal = {Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics},
number = C,
volume = 99,
place = {United Kingdom},
year = {2018},
month = {3}
}

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Superscaling in a dilute Fermi gas and the nucleon momentum distribution in nuclei
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Spin-Momentum Correlations in Quasielastic Electron Scattering from Deuterium
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Variational calculation of the ground state of O 16
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Derivation of a fluid-dynamical lagrangian and electric giant resonances
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Consistent three-nucleon forces in the nuclear many-body problem
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Landau parameters and pairing-on the shores of the nuclear Fermi sea
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Evidence for short-range correlations from high Q 2 ( e , e ’) reactions
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Transport properties of isospin effective mass splitting
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Deducing the nuclear-matter incompressibility coefficient from data on isoscalar compression modes
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Asymmetric nuclear matter from an extended Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach
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Nuclear Symmetry Energy Extracted from Laboratory Experiments
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Collective Oscillations of a Trapped Fermi Gas near the Unitary Limit
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GW170817: Observation of Gravitational Waves from a Binary Neutron Star Inspiral
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Dirac optical potentials for nucleon scattering by Pb 208 at intermediate energies
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Nuclear matter fourth-order symmetry energy in nonrelativistic mean-field models
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Density-dependent relativistic Hartree–Fock approach
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Quasi-elastic electron scattering off nuclei
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Surface symmetry energy
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Understanding the major uncertainties in the nuclear symmetry energy at suprasaturation densities
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Probing Cold Dense Nuclear Matter
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To which densities is spin-polarized neutron matter a weakly interacting Fermi gas?
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Modelization of the EOS
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Hot and cold, nuclear and neutron matter
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Universal Relations for Identical Bosons from Three-Body Physics
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Jet conversions in a quark-gluon plasma
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High-precision, charge-dependent Bonn nucleon-nucleon potential
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Relativistic mean-field hadronic models under nuclear matter constraints
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Correlation strength with modern nucleon-nucleon potentials in the Brueckner-Hartree-Fock approach
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Lorentz covariant nucleon self-energy decomposition of the nuclear symmetry energy
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Nucleon-nucleon correlations, short-lived excitations, and the quarks within
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Effective tensor interaction in nuclei
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Nuclear dipole polarizability from mean-field modeling constrained by chiral effective field theory
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Investigation of Proton-Proton Short-Range Correlations via the C 12 ( e , e p p ) Reaction
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Neutron-proton mass difference in isospin-asymmetric nuclear matter
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The Skyrme interaction in finite nuclei and nuclear matter
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Impulse approximation NN amplitudes for proton-nucleus interactions
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Probes and Tests of Strong-Field Gravity with Observations in the Electromagnetic Spectrum
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Probing strongly interacting atomic gases with energetic atoms
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Chiral dynamics and nuclear matter
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Bosons and fermions near Feshbach resonances
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Isospin quartic term in the kinetic energy of neutron-rich nucleonic matter
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Reaction dynamics with exotic nuclei
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Revealing the Superfluid Lambda Transition in the Universal Thermodynamics of a Unitary Fermi Gas
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Energy level density of nuclei
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Dependence of the Fermi energy upon neutron excess
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Proton skins in momentum space and neutron skins in coordinate space in heavy nuclei
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Thermodynamics of the BCS-BEC crossover
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Recent progress and new challenges in isospin physics with heavy-ion reactions
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Isospin emission and flow at high baryon density: A test of the symmetry potential
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Effective mass in nuclei and the level density parameter
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Neutron-proton mass difference in finite nuclei and the Nolen-Schiffer anomaly
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Pairing and Phase Separation in a Polarized Fermi Gas
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Impact of the equation-of-state–gravity degeneracy on constraining the nuclear symmetry energy from astrophysical observables
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Isospin dependent properties of asymmetric nuclear matter
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Relativistic effective interaction for nuclei, giant resonances, and neutron stars
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Universal dynamics of a degenerate unitary Bose gas
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Equation of state for dense nucleon matter
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Effects of momentum-dependent symmetry potential on heavy-ion collisions induced by neutron-rich nuclei
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Constraints on the symmetry energy and neutron skins from experiments and theory
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Limiting Temperatures and the Equation of State of Nuclear Matter
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Thermal properties of asymmetric nuclear matter with an improved isospin- and momentum-dependent interaction
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Correlations and the Dirac structure of the nucleon self-energy
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Hard nuclear processes and microscopic nuclear structure
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Production of energetic particles in heavy-ion collisions
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Realistic model of the nucleon spectral function in few- and many-nucleon systems
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Self-energy in a semirealistic model of nuclear matter
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A global optical-model analysis of neutron elastic scattering data
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Isoscalar E 0 E 3 strength in Sn 116 , Sm 144 , Sm 154 , and Pb 208
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Half-Skyrmions, tensor forces, and symmetry energy in cold dense matter
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Heat Capacity of a Strongly Interacting Fermi Gas
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Skyrme interaction and nuclear matter constraints
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Shear Viscosity of Neutron Matter from Realistic Nucleon-Nucleon Interactions
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Constraints on the symmetry energy using the mass-radius relation of neutron stars
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Isospin splitting of nucleon effective mass and shear viscosity of nuclear matter
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Constraining the Nuclear Equation of State at Subsaturation Densities
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Isospin-dependent properties of asymmetric nuclear matter in relativistic mean field models
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How tightly is the nuclear symmetry energy constrained by a unitary Fermi gas?
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Nuclear Constraints on Properties of Neutron star Crusts
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Isospin and Momentum Dependence of Liquid-Gas Phase Transition in hot Asymmetric Nuclear Matter
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Isospin Physics in Heavy-Ion Collisions at Intermediate Energies
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Quantum Monte Carlo Calculations with Chiral Effective Field Theory Interactions
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Probing the isospin dependence of the in-medium nucleon-nucleon cross sections with radioactive beams
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Symmetry energy of nucleonic matter with tensor correlations
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From Brueckner approach to Skyrme-type energy density functional
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Momentum distribution in the nucleus. II
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Caloric Curve for Mononuclear Configurations
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Equations of state for supernovae and compact stars
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Limiting temperature and limits of statistical particle emission in hot nuclei
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Short Range Correlations and the EMC Effect
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Analytical relations between nuclear symmetry energy and single-nucleon potentials in isospin asymmetric nuclear matter
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Survey of Excited State Neutron Spectroscopic Factors for Z = 8 28 Nuclei
journal, February 2009


Effects of isospin and momentum dependent interactions on liquid–gas phase transition in hot asymmetric nuclear matter
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Circumstantial Evidence for a Soft Nuclear Symmetry Energy at Suprasaturation Densities
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Universal contact of strongly interacting fermions at finite temperatures
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General relations for quantum gases in two and three dimensions. II. Bosons and mixtures
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ϵ Expansion for a Fermi Gas at Infinite Scattering Length
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Variations on a theme by Skyrme: A systematic study of adjustments of model parameters
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Generalized virial theorem and pressure relation for a strongly correlated Fermi gas
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Nuclear mean field with correlations at finite temperature
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Large momentum part of a strongly correlated Fermi gas
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Energetics of a strongly correlated Fermi gas
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Electric dipole polarizability in Pb 208 as a probe of the symmetry energy and neutron matter around ρ 0 / 3
journal, September 2015


Predicting the single-proton and single-neutron potentials in asymmetric nuclear matter
journal, June 2005


Nuclear symmetry energy and the role of the tensor force
journal, December 2011


In-medium short-range dynamics of nucleons: Recent theoretical and experimental advances
journal, August 2015


Nuclear Symmetry Energy Probed by Neutron Skin Thickness of Nuclei
journal, March 2009


Single-nucleon potential decomposition of the nuclear symmetry energy
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Correlations and spectral functions in asymmetric nuclear matter
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Symmetry Energy and the Isotopic Spin Dependence of the Single-Particle Potential in Nuclear Matter
journal, May 1964


The energy and isotopic spin dependence of the nuclear optical model potential
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Non-empirical pairing energy functional in nuclear matter and finite nuclei
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Properties of nuclear and neutron matter in a relativistic Hartree-Fock theory
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Superscaling in nuclei: A search for a scaling function beyond the relativistic Fermi gas model
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Generalized nuclear contacts and momentum distributions
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Symmetry energy III: Isovector skins
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Caloric curves and nuclear expansion
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Topical issue on nuclear symmetry energy
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Nuclear symmetry energy and structure of dense matter in neutron stars
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Momentum, density, and isospin dependence of symmetric and asymmetric nuclear matter properties
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Isospin splitting of the nucleon mean field
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Low-energy density correlation function of a degenerate unitary Fermi gas from the ɛ expansion
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Why is the equation of state for tin so soft?
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One-dimensional Anderson localization in certain correlated random potentials
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Probing the symmetry energy with heavy ions
journal, April 2009

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Supersoft Symmetry Energy Encountering Non-Newtonian Gravity in Neutron Stars
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Elliptic flow and the Symmetry Energy at Supra-Saturation Density
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Temperature Dependence of the Universal Contact Parameter in a Unitary Fermi Gas
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Self-consistent Green's function method for nuclei and nuclear matter
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Superscaling of inclusive electron scattering from nuclei
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n p Short-Range Correlations from ( p , 2 p + n ) Measurements
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A Skyrme parametrization from subnuclear to neutron star densities Part II. Nuclei far from stabilities
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Reexamination of the neutron-to-proton-ratio puzzle in intermediate-energy heavy-ion collisions
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Nucleon effective E-mass in neutron-rich matter from the Migdal–Luttinger jump
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