A Survey of WEC Reliability, Survival and Design Practices
Abstract
Here, a wave energy converter must be designed to survive and function efficiently, often in highly energetic ocean environments. This represents a challenging engineering problem, comprising systematic failure mode analysis, environmental characterization, modeling, experimental testing, fatigue and extreme response analysis. While, when compared with other ocean systems such as ships and offshore platforms, there is relatively little experience in wave energy converter design, a great deal of recent work has been done within these various areas. This paper summarizes the general stages and workflow for wave energy converter design, relying on supporting articles to provide insight. By surveying published work on wave energy converter survival and design response analyses, this paper seeks to provide the reader with an understanding of the different components of this process and the range of methodologies that can be brought to bear. In this way, the reader is provided with a large set of tools to perform design response analyses on wave energy converters.
- Authors:
-
[1];
- Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
- National Renewable Energy Lab. (NREL), Golden, CO (United States)
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- National Renewable Energy Laboratory (NREL), Golden, CO (United States); Sandia National Lab. (SNL-NM), Albuquerque, NM (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Energy Efficiency and Renewable Energy (EERE), Wind and Water Technologies Office (EE-4W)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1419414
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1421654
- Report Number(s):
- NREL/JA-5000-70718; SAND-2018-0054J
Journal ID: ISSN 1996-1073; ENERGA
- Grant/Contract Number:
- AC36-08GO28308; NA0003525; AC04-94AL85000
- Resource Type:
- Accepted Manuscript
- Journal Name:
- Energies
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Volume: 11; Journal Issue: 1; Journal ID: ISSN 1996-1073
- Publisher:
- MDPI AG
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 16 TIDAL AND WAVE POWER; wave energy converter; design; survival; extreme conditions; wave energy converter (WEC)
Citation Formats
Coe, Ryan G., Yu, Yi-Hsiang, and van Rij, Jennifer. A Survey of WEC Reliability, Survival and Design Practices. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.3390/en11010004.
Coe, Ryan G., Yu, Yi-Hsiang, & van Rij, Jennifer. A Survey of WEC Reliability, Survival and Design Practices. United States. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11010004
Coe, Ryan G., Yu, Yi-Hsiang, and van Rij, Jennifer. Thu .
"A Survey of WEC Reliability, Survival and Design Practices". United States. https://doi.org/10.3390/en11010004. https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1419414.
@article{osti_1419414,
title = {A Survey of WEC Reliability, Survival and Design Practices},
author = {Coe, Ryan G. and Yu, Yi-Hsiang and van Rij, Jennifer},
abstractNote = {Here, a wave energy converter must be designed to survive and function efficiently, often in highly energetic ocean environments. This represents a challenging engineering problem, comprising systematic failure mode analysis, environmental characterization, modeling, experimental testing, fatigue and extreme response analysis. While, when compared with other ocean systems such as ships and offshore platforms, there is relatively little experience in wave energy converter design, a great deal of recent work has been done within these various areas. This paper summarizes the general stages and workflow for wave energy converter design, relying on supporting articles to provide insight. By surveying published work on wave energy converter survival and design response analyses, this paper seeks to provide the reader with an understanding of the different components of this process and the range of methodologies that can be brought to bear. In this way, the reader is provided with a large set of tools to perform design response analyses on wave energy converters.},
doi = {10.3390/en11010004},
journal = {Energies},
number = 1,
volume = 11,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Dec 21 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Thu Dec 21 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}
Free Publicly Available Full Text
Publisher's Version of Record
Other availability
Search WorldCat to find libraries that may hold this journal
Cited by: 26 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science
Web of Science
Save to My Library
You must Sign In or Create an Account in order to save documents to your library.
Works referenced in this record:
Multi-criteria risk assessment approach for components risk ranking – The case study of an offshore wave energy converter
journal, April 2017
- Okoro, Uzoma; Kolios, Athanasios; Cui, Lin
- International Journal of Marine Energy, Vol. 17
A synthesis of numerical methods for modeling wave energy converter-point absorbers
journal, August 2012
- Li, Ye; Yu, Yi-Hsiang
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 16, Issue 6
Long-term loads for a monopile-supported offshore wind turbine: Long-term loads for a monopile-supported offshore wind turbine
journal, December 2012
- Rendon, Erica A.; Manuel, Lance
- Wind Energy, Vol. 17, Issue 2
Experimental measurements of the complex motion of a suspended axisymmetric floating body in regular and near-focused waves
journal, January 2013
- Weller, S. D.; Stallard, T. J.; Stansby, P. K.
- Applied Ocean Research, Vol. 39
Development of environmental contours using Nataf distribution model
journal, January 2013
- Silva-González, F.; Heredia-Zavoni, E.; Montes-Iturrizaga, R.
- Ocean Engineering, Vol. 58
Reynolds-Averaged Navier–Stokes simulation of the heave performance of a two-body floating-point absorber wave energy system
journal, March 2013
- Yu, Yi-Hsiang; Li, Ye
- Computers & Fluids, Vol. 73
An investigation of the impacts of climate change on wave energy generation: The Wave Hub, Cornwall, UK
journal, September 2011
- Reeve, D. E.; Chen, Y.; Pan, S.
- Renewable Energy, Vol. 36, Issue 9
Peak Forces on Wave Energy Linear Generators in Tsunami and Extreme Waves
journal, September 2017
- Sjökvist, Linnea; Göteman, Malin
- Energies, Vol. 10, Issue 9
Extreme motion and response statistics for survival of the three-float wave energy converter M4 in intermediate water depth
journal, January 2017
- Santo, H.; Taylor, P. H.; Carpintero Moreno, E.
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 813
A fully nonlinear implicit model for wave interactions with submerged structures in forced or free motion
journal, July 2012
- Guerber, Etienne; Benoit, Michel; Grilli, Stephan T.
- Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, Vol. 36, Issue 7
Mooring line fatigue damage evaluation for floating marine energy converters: Field measurements and prediction
journal, March 2014
- Thies, Philipp R.; Johanning, Lars; Harnois, Violette
- Renewable Energy, Vol. 63
A comparison of control strategies for wave energy converters
journal, December 2017
- Coe, Ryan G.; Bacelli, Giorgio; Wilson, David G.
- International Journal of Marine Energy, Vol. 20
Development of a novel nonlinear system identification scheme for the pressure fluctuation inside an oscillating water column-wave energy converter Part I: Theoretical background and harmonic excitation case
journal, April 2014
- Gkikas, G. D.; Athanassoulis, G. A.
- Ocean Engineering, Vol. 80
Long-term performance estimation of the Spar–Torus-Combination (STC) system with different survival modes
journal, November 2015
- Ren, Nianxin; Gao, Zhen; Moan, Torgeir
- Ocean Engineering, Vol. 108
A new approach to environmental contours for ocean engineering applications based on direct Monte Carlo simulations
journal, March 2013
- Bang Huseby, Arne; Vanem, Erik; Natvig, Bent
- Ocean Engineering, Vol. 60
Use of constrained focused waves to measure extreme loading of a taut moored floating wave energy converter
journal, January 2018
- Hann, Martyn; Greaves, Deborah; Raby, Alison
- Ocean Engineering, Vol. 148
Increasing wave heights and extreme value projections: The wave climate of the U.S. Pacific Northwest
journal, May 2010
- Ruggiero, Peter; Komar, Paul D.; Allan, Jonathan C.
- Coastal Engineering, Vol. 57, Issue 5
Constrained optimal control of a point absorber wave energy converter with linear generator
journal, July 2015
- Wang, Liguo; Engström, Jens; Göteman, Malin
- Journal of Renewable and Sustainable Energy, Vol. 7, Issue 4
Design Specifications for the Hanstholm WEPTOS Wave Energy Converter
journal, April 2012
- Pecher, Arthur; Kofoed, Jens Peter; Larsen, Tommy
- Energies, Vol. 5, Issue 4
Application of principal component analysis (PCA) and improved joint probability distributions to the inverse first-order reliability method (I-FORM) for predicting extreme sea states
journal, January 2016
- Eckert-Gallup, Aubrey C.; Sallaberry, Cédric J.; Dallman, Ann R.
- Ocean Engineering, Vol. 112
Slamming wave impact of a composite buoy for wave energy applications: Design and large-scale testing
journal, April 2011
- Van Paepegem, W.; Blommaert, C.; De Baere, I.
- Polymer Composites, Vol. 32, Issue 5
Reliability-Based Structural Optimization of Wave Energy Converters
journal, December 2014
- Ambühl, Simon; Kramer, Morten; Sørensen, John
- Energies, Vol. 7, Issue 12
Estimation of extreme values from sampled time series
journal, July 2009
- Naess, A.; Gaidai, O.
- Structural Safety, Vol. 31, Issue 4
A theoretical and experimental study of the capsize of Salter's duck in extreme waves
journal, May 1982
- Greenhow, M.; Vinje, T.; Brevig, P.
- Journal of Fluid Mechanics, Vol. 118, Issue -1
Limiting heave response of a wave energy device by draft adjustment with upper surface immersion
journal, October 2009
- Stallard, T. J.; Weller, S. D.; Stansby, P. K.
- Applied Ocean Research, Vol. 31, Issue 4
Nonlinear hydrodynamic effects on a generic spherical wave energy converter
journal, April 2018
- Bharath, Aidan; Nader, Jean-Roch; Penesis, Irene
- Renewable Energy, Vol. 118
Experimental and numerical study of hydrodynamic responses of a combined wind and wave energy converter concept in survival modes
journal, October 2015
- Wan, Ling; Gao, Zhen; Moan, Torgeir
- Coastal Engineering, Vol. 104
A Comparison of Selected Strategies for Adaptive Control of Wave Energy Converters
journal, March 2011
- Hals, Jørgen; Falnes, Johannes; Moan, Torgeir
- Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Vol. 133, Issue 3
Fatigue reliability and calibration of fatigue design factors of wave energy converters
journal, June 2015
- Ambühl, Simon; Ferri, Francesco; Kofoed, Jens Peter
- International Journal of Marine Energy, Vol. 10
Simple rainflow counting algorithms
journal, January 1982
- Downing, S.; Socie, D.
- International Journal of Fatigue, Vol. 4, Issue 1
Alternative Environmental Contours for Marine Structural Design—A Comparison Study1
journal, August 2015
- Vanem, Erik; Bitner-Gregersen, Elzbieta M.
- Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Vol. 137, Issue 5
Time Domain Simulation of Jack-up Dynamics With the Extremes of a Gaussian Process
journal, October 1997
- Taylor, P. H.; Jonathan, P.; Harland, L. A.
- Journal of Vibration and Acoustics, Vol. 119, Issue 4
Balancing Power Output and Structural Fatigue of Wave Energy Converters by Means of Control Strategies
journal, April 2014
- Ferri, Francesco; Ambühl, Simon; Fischer, Boris
- Energies, Vol. 7, Issue 4
Mathematical modelling of wave energy converters: A review of nonlinear approaches
journal, October 2017
- Penalba, Markel; Giorgi, Giussepe; Ringwood, John V.
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 78
On the joint distribution of heights and periods of sea waves
journal, January 1987
- Haver, Sverre
- Ocean Engineering, Vol. 14, Issue 5
Combining contours of significant wave height and peak period with platform response distributions for predicting design response
journal, April 2010
- Baarholm, Gro Sagli; Haver, Sverre; Økland, Ole David
- Marine Structures, Vol. 23, Issue 2
Time series prediction of nonlinear ship structural responses in irregular seaways using a third-order Volterra model
journal, August 2014
- Kim, Yooil; Kim, Jung-Hyun; Kim, Yonghwan
- Journal of Fluids and Structures, Vol. 49
Survivability of wave energy converters using CFD
journal, August 2017
- Ransley, E. J.; Greaves, D.; Raby, A.
- Renewable Energy, Vol. 109
Application of the Contour Line Method for Estimating Extreme Responses in the Mooring Lines of a Two-Body Floating Wave Energy Converter
journal, June 2013
- Muliawan, Made Jaya; Gao, Zhen; Moan, Torgeir
- Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Vol. 135, Issue 3
Investigation of Wave-Structure Interaction Using State of the Art CFD Techniques
journal, January 2014
- Westphalen, Jan; M. Greaves, Deborah; Raby, Alison
- Open Journal of Fluid Dynamics, Vol. 04, Issue 01
Pseudo-spectral control of a novel oscillating surge wave energy converter in regular waves for power optimization including load reduction
journal, June 2017
- Tom, N. M.; Yu, Y. H.; Wright, A. D.
- Ocean Engineering, Vol. 137
Global Trends in Wind Speed and Wave Height
journal, March 2011
- Young, I. R.; Zieger, S.; Babanin, A. V.
- Science, Vol. 332, Issue 6028
Full long-term design response analysis of a wave energy converter
journal, February 2018
- Coe, Ryan G.; Michelen, Carlos; Eckert-Gallup, Aubrey
- Renewable Energy, Vol. 116
Non-linear numerical modeling and experimental testing of a point absorber wave energy converter
journal, March 2014
- Zurkinden, A. S.; Ferri, F.; Beatty, S.
- Ocean Engineering, Vol. 78
System Identification of a Heaving Point Absorber: Design of Experiment and Device Modeling
journal, April 2017
- Bacelli, Giorgio; Coe, Ryan; Patterson, David
- Energies, Vol. 10, Issue 4
Nonlinear Froude-Krylov and viscous drag representations for wave energy converters in the computation/fidelity continuum
journal, September 2017
- Giorgi, Giuseppe; Ringwood, John V.
- Ocean Engineering, Vol. 141
On survivability of asymmetric wave-energy converters in extreme waves
journal, April 2018
- Madhi, Farshad; Yeung, Ronald W.
- Renewable Energy, Vol. 119
On the joint distribution of heights and periods of sea waves
journal, January 1987
- Haver, Sverre
- Ocean Engineering, Vol. 14, Issue 5
Increasing wave heights and extreme value projections: The wave climate of the U.S. Pacific Northwest
journal, May 2010
- Ruggiero, Peter; Komar, Paul D.; Allan, Jonathan C.
- Coastal Engineering, Vol. 57, Issue 5
A fully nonlinear implicit model for wave interactions with submerged structures in forced or free motion
journal, July 2012
- Guerber, Etienne; Benoit, Michel; Grilli, Stephan T.
- Engineering Analysis with Boundary Elements, Vol. 36, Issue 7
Fatigue reliability and calibration of fatigue design factors of wave energy converters
journal, June 2015
- Ambühl, Simon; Ferri, Francesco; Kofoed, Jens Peter
- International Journal of Marine Energy, Vol. 10
Application of principal component analysis (PCA) and improved joint probability distributions to the inverse first-order reliability method (I-FORM) for predicting extreme sea states
journal, January 2016
- Eckert-Gallup, Aubrey C.; Sallaberry, Cédric J.; Dallman, Ann R.
- Ocean Engineering, Vol. 112
Mathematical modelling of wave energy converters: A review of nonlinear approaches
journal, October 2017
- Penalba, Markel; Giorgi, Giussepe; Ringwood, John V.
- Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, Vol. 78
Estimation of extreme values from sampled time series
journal, July 2009
- Naess, A.; Gaidai, O.
- Structural Safety, Vol. 31, Issue 4
Extreme value estimates based on the envelope concept
journal, July 1982
- Naess, Arvid
- Applied Ocean Research, Vol. 4, Issue 3
Application of the Contour Line Method for Estimating Extreme Responses in the Mooring Lines of a Two-Body Floating Wave Energy Converter
journal, June 2013
- Muliawan, Made Jaya; Gao, Zhen; Moan, Torgeir
- Journal of Offshore Mechanics and Arctic Engineering, Vol. 135, Issue 3
A Nonlinear Extension for Linear Boundary Element Methods in Wave Energy Device Modelling
conference, July 2012
- Merigaud, Alexis; Gilloteaux, Jean-Christophe; Ringwood, John V.
- Volume 4: Offshore Geotechnics; Ronald W. Yeung Honoring Symposium on Offshore and Ship Hydrodynamics
Design Specifications for the Hanstholm WEPTOS Wave Energy Converter
journal, April 2012
- Pecher, Arthur; Kofoed, Jens Peter; Larsen, Tommy
- Energies, Vol. 5, Issue 4
Balancing Power Output and Structural Fatigue of Wave Energy Converters by Means of Control Strategies
journal, April 2014
- Ferri, Francesco; Ambühl, Simon; Fischer, Boris
- Energies, Vol. 7, Issue 4
Reliability-Based Structural Optimization of Wave Energy Converters
journal, December 2014
- Ambühl, Simon; Kramer, Morten; Sørensen, John
- Energies, Vol. 7, Issue 12
Works referencing / citing this record:
CFD design-load analysis of a two-body wave energy converter
journal, April 2019
- Coe, Ryan G.; Rosenberg, Brian J.; Quon, Eliot W.
- Journal of Ocean Engineering and Marine Energy, Vol. 5, Issue 2