Liquid–solid phase transition of hydrogen and deuterium in silica aerogel

Van Cleve, E.; Worsley, M. A.; Kucheyev, S. O.

doi:10.1063/1.4900540

Title: Liquid–solid phase transition of hydrogen and deuterium in silica aerogel

Abstract

Behavior of hydrogen isotopes confined in disordered low-density nanoporous solids remains essentially unknown. Here, we use relaxation calorimetry to study freezing and melting of H₂ and D₂ in an ~85%-porous base-catalyzed silica aerogel. In this work, we find that liquid–solid transition temperatures of both isotopes inside the aerogel are depressed. The phase transition takes place over a wide temperature range of ~4 K and non-trivially depends on the liquid filling fraction, reflecting the broad pore size distribution in the aerogel. Undercooling is observed for both H₂ and D₂ confined inside the aerogel monolith. Lastly, results for H₂ and D₂ are extrapolated to tritium-containing hydrogens with the quantum law of corresponding states.

Authors:

Van Cleve, E. ^[1]; Worsley, M. A. ^[1]; Kucheyev, S. O. ^[1]

Lawrence Livermore National Lab. (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Publication Date:: Thu Oct 30 00:00:00 EDT 2014

Research Org.:: Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL), Livermore, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Org.:: USDOE

OSTI Identifier:: 1409939

Alternate Identifier(s):: OSTI ID: 1420473

Report Number(s):: LLNL-JRNL-656045
Journal ID: ISSN 0021-8979

Grant/Contract Number:: AC52-07NA27344

Resource Type:: Accepted Manuscript

Journal Name:: Journal of Applied Physics

Additional Journal Information:: Journal Volume: 116; Journal Issue: 16; Journal ID: ISSN 0021-8979

Publisher:: American Institute of Physics (AIP)

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

Subject:: 75 CONDENSED MATTER PHYSICS, SUPERCONDUCTIVITY AND SUPERFLUIDITY; 36 MATERIALS SCIENCE

Citation Formats


                    Van Cleve, E., Worsley, M. A., and Kucheyev, S. O. Liquid–solid phase transition of hydrogen and deuterium in silica aerogel.  United States: N. p., 2014. 
Web.  doi:10.1063/1.4900540.

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                    Van Cleve, E., Worsley, M. A., & Kucheyev, S. O. Liquid–solid phase transition of hydrogen and deuterium in silica aerogel.  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4900540

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                    Van Cleve, E., Worsley, M. A., and Kucheyev, S. O. Thu .  
"Liquid–solid phase transition of hydrogen and deuterium in silica aerogel".  United States.  https://doi.org/10.1063/1.4900540.  https://www.osti.gov/servlets/purl/1409939.

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@article{osti_1409939,

  title        = {Liquid–solid phase transition of hydrogen and deuterium in silica aerogel},

  author       = {Van Cleve, E. and Worsley, M. A. and Kucheyev, S. O.},

  abstractNote = {Behavior of hydrogen isotopes confined in disordered low-density nanoporous solids remains essentially unknown. Here, we use relaxation calorimetry to study freezing and melting of H2 and D2 in an ~85%-porous base-catalyzed silica aerogel. In this work, we find that liquid–solid transition temperatures of both isotopes inside the aerogel are depressed. The phase transition takes place over a wide temperature range of ~4 K and non-trivially depends on the liquid filling fraction, reflecting the broad pore size distribution in the aerogel. Undercooling is observed for both H2 and D2 confined inside the aerogel monolith. Lastly, results for H2 and D2 are extrapolated to tritium-containing hydrogens with the quantum law of corresponding states.},

  doi          = {10.1063/1.4900540},

  journal      = {Journal of Applied Physics},

  number       = 16,

  volume       = 116,

  place        = {United States},

  year         = {Thu Oct 30 00:00:00 EDT 2014},

  month        = {Thu Oct 30 00:00:00 EDT 2014}

}

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Works referencing / citing this record:

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journal, April 2018

Zepeda-Ruiz, L. A.; Sadigh, B.; Shin, S. J.
The Journal of Chemical Physics, Vol. 148, Issue 13
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Title: Liquid–solid phase transition of hydrogen and deuterium in silica aerogel

Abstract

Citation Formats

Freezing of molecular hydrogen and its isotopes in porous vycor glass journal, October 1996

Thermal conductivity of condensed D-T and T 2 journal, February 1990

The Quantum Mechanical Distribution Function of Molecular Systems: Translational and Rotational Motions book, January 1962

Relaxation calorimeter for hydrogen thermoporometry journal, May 2013

Freezing and melting of hydrogen confined in nanoporous silica journal, May 2014

Heat capacity and torsional oscillator studies of molecular hydrogen in porous Vycor glass journal, April 1990

Specific heats of hydrogen, deuterium, and neon in porous Vycor glass journal, November 1983

Thermoporometry by differential scanning calorimetry: experimental considerations and applications journal, August 2005

Quantum theory of condensed permanent gases I the law of corresponding states journal, April 1948

Supercooling of molecular hydrogen in zeolite journal, November 1991

Hydrogen in porous Vycor glass journal, May 1996

Confinement effects on freezing and melting journal, March 2001

Curvature-dependent metastability of the solid phase and the freezing-melting hysteresis in pores journal, January 2006

Light-ion-irradiation-induced thermal spikes in nanoporous silica journal, February 2011

Condensed hydrogen for thermonuclear fusion journal, November 2010

The Densities of Liquid Tritium, 20.6 to 29°K. 1 journal, November 1951

Heat Capacity Measurements on Small Samples at Low Temperatures journal, February 1972

A Quasi-Elastic and Inelastic Neutron Scattering Study of H2 in Zeolite August 1999

Super-Compressibility of Ultralow-Density Nanoporous Silica journal, January 2012

Low temperature hydrogen which has not solidified journal, August 1990

Adsorption of Gases in Multimolecular Layers journal, February 1938

Beta-Layering in Foam-Lined Surrogate IFE Targets journal, July 2006

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Molecular hydrogen in porous Vycor glass journal, December 1995

Formation of Crystal Nuclei in Liquid Metals journal, October 1950

Thermal anomalies in supercooled parahydrogen in Vycor porous glass journal, February 1994

Aerogels—Airy Materials: Chemistry, Structure, and Properties journal, February 1998

Freezing and melting of fluids in porous glasses journal, September 1993

The Determination of Pore Volume and Area Distributions in Porous Substances. I. Computations from Nitrogen Isotherms journal, January 1951

Supercooling of Liquid Hydrogen journal, June 1986

Structure of D 2 in zeolite journal, November 1994

Study of H2 confined in the highly ordered pores of MCM-48 journal, August 2003

Effect of wetting on nucleation and growth of D 2 in confinement journal, April 2018

Freezing of molecular hydrogen and its isotopes in porous vycor glass
journal, October 1996

Thermal conductivity of condensed D-T and $T_{2}$
journal, February 1990

The Quantum Mechanical Distribution Function of Molecular Systems: Translational and Rotational Motions
book, January 1962

Relaxation calorimeter for hydrogen thermoporometry
journal, May 2013

Freezing and melting of hydrogen confined in nanoporous silica
journal, May 2014

Heat capacity and torsional oscillator studies of molecular hydrogen in porous Vycor glass
journal, April 1990

Specific heats of hydrogen, deuterium, and neon in porous Vycor glass
journal, November 1983

Thermoporometry by differential scanning calorimetry: experimental considerations and applications
journal, August 2005

Quantum theory of condensed permanent gases I the law of corresponding states
journal, April 1948

Supercooling of molecular hydrogen in zeolite
journal, November 1991

Hydrogen in porous Vycor glass
journal, May 1996

Confinement effects on freezing and melting
journal, March 2001

Curvature-dependent metastability of the solid phase and the freezing-melting hysteresis in pores
journal, January 2006

Light-ion-irradiation-induced thermal spikes in nanoporous silica
journal, February 2011

Condensed hydrogen for thermonuclear fusion
journal, November 2010

The Densities of Liquid Tritium, 20.6 to 29°K. ¹
journal, November 1951

Heat Capacity Measurements on Small Samples at Low Temperatures
journal, February 1972

A Quasi-Elastic and Inelastic Neutron Scattering Study of H₂ in Zeolite
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Super-Compressibility of Ultralow-Density Nanoporous Silica
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Low temperature hydrogen which has not solidified
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Adsorption of Gases in Multimolecular Layers
journal, February 1938

Beta-Layering in Foam-Lined Surrogate IFE Targets
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Growth of Highly Oriented Deuterium Crystals in Silicon Nanochannels
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journal, December 1995

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journal, October 1950

Thermal anomalies in supercooled parahydrogen in Vycor porous glass
journal, February 1994

Aerogels—Airy Materials: Chemistry, Structure, and Properties
journal, February 1998

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journal, September 1993

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journal, June 1986

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journal, August 2003

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