DOE PAGES title logo U.S. Department of Energy
Office of Scientific and Technical Information

Title: Systematic studies of correlations between different order flow harmonics in Pb-Pb collisions at s NN = 2.76 TeV

Journal Article · · Physical Review C
; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; more »; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; « less

The correlations between event-by-event fluctuations of anisotropic flow harmonic amplitudes have been measured in Pb-Pb collisions at $$\sqrt{s}$$$$_ {NN}$$=2.76 TeV with the ALICE detector at the Large Hadron Collider. The results are reported in terms of multiparticle correlation observables dubbed symmetric cumulants. These observables are robust against biases originating from nonflow effects. The centrality dependence of correlations between the higher order harmonics (the quadrangular v4 and pentagonal v5 flow) and the lower order harmonics (the elliptic v2 and triangular v3 flow) is presented. The transverse momentum dependences of correlations between v3 and v2 and between v4 and v2 are also reported. The results are compared to calculations from viscous hydrodynamics and a multiphase transport (AMPT) model calculations. The comparisons to viscous hydrodynamic models demonstrate that the different order harmonic correlations respond differently to the initial conditions and the temperature dependence of the ratio of shear viscosity to entropy density (η/s). A small average value of η/s is favored independent of the specific choice of initial conditions in the models. The calculations with the AMPT initial conditions yield results closest to the measurements. Correlations among the magnitudes of v2, v3, and v4 show moderate pT dependence in midcentral collisions. This might be an indication of possible viscous corrections to the equilibrium distribution at hadronic freeze-out, which might help to understand the possible contribution of bulk viscosity in the hadronic phase of the system. Lastly, together with existing measurements of individual flow harmonics, the presented results provide further constraints on the initial conditions and the transport properties of the system produced in heavy-ion collisions.

Research Organization:
Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Oak Ridge National Laboratory (ORNL), Oak Ridge, TN (United States)
Sponsoring Organization:
USDOE Office of Science (SC), Nuclear Physics (NP)
Contributing Organization:
ALICE Collaboration
Grant/Contract Number:
AC02-05CH11231; AC05-00OR22725
OSTI ID:
1420199
Alternate ID(s):
OSTI ID: 1434016; OSTI ID: 1481667
Journal Information:
Physical Review C, Vol. 97, Issue 2; Related Information: ©2018 CERN, for the ALICE Collaboration. Published by the American Physical Society under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International license. Further distribution of this work must maintain attribution to the author(s) and the published article's title, journal citation, and DOI.; ISSN 2469-9985
Publisher:
American Physical Society (APS)Copyright Statement
Country of Publication:
United States
Language:
English
Citation Metrics:
Cited by: 24 works
Citation information provided by
Web of Science

References (123)

Multiplicities and p T spectra in ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions from a next-to-leading order improved perturbative QCD + saturation + hydrodynamics model journal April 2013
Studies of Superdense Hadronic Matter in a Relativistic Transport Model journal August 2001
Experimental and theoretical challenges in the search for the quark–gluon plasma: The STAR Collaboration's critical assessment of the evidence from RHIC collisions journal August 2005
The PHOBOS perspective on discoveries at RHIC journal August 2005
Formation of dense partonic matter in relativistic nucleus–nucleus collisions at RHIC: Experimental evaluation by the PHENIX Collaboration journal August 2005
Eccentricity fluctuation effects on elliptic flow in relativistic heavy ion collisions journal June 2009
Interactions between hadrons and nuclei: The Lund Monte Carlo - FRITIOF version 1.6 - journal February 1987
Charged particle rapidity distributions at relativistic energies journal June 2001
System Size, Energy, Pseudorapidity, and Centrality Dependence of Elliptic Flow journal June 2007
Extracting the bulk viscosity of the quark–gluon plasma journal November 2014
hijing: A Monte Carlo model for multiple jet production in pp , pA , and AA collisions journal December 1991
HIJING 1.0: A Monte Carlo program for parton and particle production in high energy hadronic and nuclear collisions journal December 1994
Quark–gluon plasma and color glass condensate at RHIC? The perspective from the BRAHMS experiment journal August 2005
Collective Flow and Viscosity in Relativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions journal October 2013
Characterizing flow fluctuations with moments journal March 2015
Effects of initial flow velocity fluctuation in event-by-event (3+1)D hydrodynamics journal August 2012
Event-by-event fluctuations in a perturbative QCD + saturation + hydrodynamics model: Determining QCD matter shear viscosity in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions journal February 2016
ALICE: Physics Performance Report, Volume I journal October 2004
Centrality Dependence of the Charged-Particle Multiplicity Density at Midrapidity in Pb-Pb Collisions at s NN = 2.76     TeV journal January 2011
ZPC 1.0.1: a parton cascade for ultrarelativistic heavy ion collisions journal April 1998
Studies of the hydrodynamic evolution of matter produced in fluctuations in p¯p collisions and in ultrarelativistic nuclear collisions journal August 1986
Systematic parameter study of hadron spectra and elliptic flow from viscous hydrodynamic simulations of Au + Au collisions at s NN = 200 GeV journal November 2010
Linear and non-linear flow mode in Pb–Pb collisions at s NN = 2.76  TeV journal October 2017
Multiphase transport model for relativistic nuclear collisions journal May 2000
Correlated Event-by-Event Fluctuations of Flow Harmonics in Pb-Pb Collisions at s N N = 2.76     TeV journal October 2016
Isotropization and Hydrodynamization in Weakly Coupled Heavy-Ion Collisions journal October 2015
Elliptic flow in Pb+Pb collisions at s NN = 2.76 TeV: Hybrid model assessment of the first data journal July 2011
A model for low-pT hadronic reactions with generalizations to hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus collisions journal January 1987
Extracting the shear viscosity of the quark-gluon plasma from flow in ultra-central heavy-ion collisions journal May 2013
Measurement of the elliptic anisotropy of charged particles produced in PbPb collisions at s N N = 2.76 TeV journal January 2013
Strongly Interacting Low-Viscosity Matter Created in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions journal October 2006
Radiative energy loss and v 2 spectra for viscous hydrodynamics journal March 2010
Higher Harmonic Anisotropic Flow Measurements of Charged Particles in Pb-Pb Collisions at s N N = 2.76     TeV journal July 2011
Importance of the Bulk Viscosity of QCD in Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions journal September 2015
Evolution of transverse flow and effective temperatures in the parton phase from a multiphase transport model journal July 2014
High-order flow harmonics of identified hadrons in 2.76 A TeV Pb + Pb collisions journal June 2016
Flow study in relativistic nuclear collisions by Fourier expansion of azimuthal particle distributions journal May 1996
Correlations of flow harmonics in 2.76 A TeV Pb-Pb collisions journal April 2017
Higher harmonic flow coefficients of identified hadrons in Pb-Pb collisions at s N N = 2.76 $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76 $$ TeV journal September 2016
Azimuthal Anisotropy of Charged Particles at High Transverse Momenta in Pb-Pb Collisions at s N N = 2.76     TeV journal July 2012
Higher harmonics of azimuthal anisotropy in relativistic heavy-ion collisions in HYDJET++ model journal March 2014
Measurement of the distributions of event-by-event flow harmonics in lead-lead collisions at $ \sqrt{{{s_{NN }}}} $ = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC journal November 2013
Measurement of the centrality and pseudorapidity dependence of the integrated elliptic flow in lead–lead collisions at $$\sqrt{s_{\mathrm {NN}}}=2.76$$ s NN = 2.76  TeV with the ATLAS detector journal August 2014
Event-plane correlators journal August 2013
How (non-)linear is the hydrodynamics of heavy ion collisions? journal July 2014
Event-by-event distributions of azimuthal asymmetries in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions journal May 2013
Effects of fluctuations on the initial eccentricity from the color glass condensate in heavy ion collisions journal March 2007
Constraining the viscous freeze-out distribution function with data obtained at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) journal July 2010
Measurement of the pseudorapidity and transverse momentum dependence of the elliptic flow of charged particles in lead–lead collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector journal February 2012
Radial and elliptic flow in Pb + Pb collisions at energies available at the CERN Large Hadron Collider from viscous hydrodynamics journal October 2011
Hydrodynamic elliptic and triangular flow in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76A TeV journal January 2012
Nonlinearities in the harmonic spectrum of heavy ion collisions with ideal and viscous hydrodynamics journal October 2012
Conformal hydrodynamics in Minkowski and de Sitter spacetimes journal May 2011
Anisotropic transverse flow and the quark-hadron phase transition journal October 2000
Hydrodynamic flow amplitude correlations in event-by-event fluctuating heavy-ion collisions journal August 2016
Particle spectra in Pb-Pb collisions at s NN = 2 . 76 TeV journal June 2012
Mapping the hydrodynamic response to the initial geometry in heavy-ion collisions journal February 2012
Measurement of event-plane correlations in s NN = 2.76 TeV lead-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector journal August 2014
Event-plane correlations and hydrodynamic simulations of heavy ion collisions journal August 2014
Hexagonal flow v 6 as a superposition of elliptic v 2 and triangular v 3 flows journal February 2014
Methods for analyzing anisotropic flow in relativistic nuclear collisions journal September 1998
The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC journal August 2008
Partonic effects on the elliptic flow at relativistic heavy ion collisions journal February 2002
Centrality dependence of dihadron correlations and azimuthal anisotropy harmonics in PbPb collisions at $\sqrt{s_{NN}}= 2.76\ \mbox{TeV}$ journal May 2012
Hydrodynamic predictions for mixed harmonic correlations in 200 GeV Au+Au collisions journal March 2017
Fluid dynamics with saturated minijet initial conditions in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions journal April 2014
Glauber Modeling in High-Energy Nuclear Collisions journal November 2007
Multiphase transport model for relativistic heavy ion collisions journal December 2005
Elliptic Flow of Charged Particles in Pb-Pb Collisions at s N N = 2.76     TeV journal December 2010
Triangularity and dipole asymmetry in relativistic heavy ion collisions journal June 2011
Anisotropy as a signature of transverse collective flow journal July 1992
Elliptic flow of identified hadrons in Pb-Pb collisions at s N N = 2.76 $$ \sqrt{s_{\mathrm{NN}}}=2.76 $$ TeV journal June 2015
Collision-geometry fluctuations and triangular flow in heavy-ion collisions journal May 2010
Viscosity in Strongly Interacting Quantum Field Theories from Black Hole Physics journal March 2005
Elliptic Flow in A u + A u Collisions at √ s NN = 130 GeV journal January 2001
Flow and interferometry in (3 + 1)-dimensional viscous hydrodynamics journal March 2012
Flow harmonics within an analytically solvable viscous hydrodynamic model journal October 2014
ALICE: Physics Performance Report, Volume II journal September 2006
Hadron production in nuclear collisions at RHIC and high-density QCD journal May 2001
Event-by-Event Anisotropic Flow in Heavy-ion Collisions from Combined Yang-Mills and Viscous Fluid Dynamics journal January 2013
Symmetric cumulants and event-plane correlations in Pb + Pb collisions journal July 2016
Collective flow in event-by-event partonic transport plus hydrodynamics hybrid approach journal July 2015
Has the QCD Critical Point Been Signaled by Observations at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider? journal March 2007
Triangular flow in hydrodynamics and transport theory journal September 2010
Dissipative phenomena in quark-gluon plasmas journal January 1985
Viscosity Information from Relativistic Nuclear Collisions: How Perfect is the Fluid Observed at RHIC? journal October 2007
Anisotropic Flow of Charged Particles in Pb-Pb Collisions at s N N = 5.02     TeV journal April 2016
Event-by-event shape and flow fluctuations of relativistic heavy-ion collision fireballs journal August 2011
The QGP shear viscosity–elusive goal or just around the corner? journal November 2011
Anisotropic distributions in a multiphase transport model journal March 2016
Elliptic and triangular flows in 3+1D viscous hydrodynamics with fluctuating initial conditions journal November 2011
Anisotropic flow of charged hadrons, pions and (anti-)protons measured at high transverse momentum in Pb–Pb collisions at sNN=2.76 TeV journal February 2013
Generic framework for anisotropic flow analyses with multiparticle azimuthal correlations journal June 2014
Self-consistent conversion of a viscous fluid to particles journal February 2017
Erratum: Collision-geometry fluctuations and triangular flow in heavy-ion collisions [Phys. Rev. C 81 , 054905 (2010)] journal September 2010
Constraints on rapidity-dependent initial conditions from charged-particle pseudorapidity densities and two-particle correlations journal October 2017
Measurement of the azimuthal anisotropy for charged particle production in s N N = 2.76 TeV lead-lead collisions with the ATLAS detector journal July 2012
Influence of Shear Viscosity of Quark-Gluon Plasma on Elliptic Flow in Ultrarelativistic Heavy-Ion Collisions journal May 2011
Performance of the ALICE VZERO system journal October 2013
The iEBE-VISHNU code package for relativistic heavy-ion collisions journal February 2016
The ALICE experiment at the CERN LHC text January 2008
Measurement of the distributions of event-by-event flow harmonics in lead-lead collisions at $ \sqrt{{{s_{NN }}}} $ = 2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC text January 2013
Constraining the viscous freeze-out distribution function with data obtained at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider (RHIC) text January 2010
Conformal hydrodynamics in Minkowski and de Sitter spacetimes text January 2010
The QGP shear viscosity -- elusive goal or just around the corner? text January 2011
Centrality dependence of dihadron correlations and azimuthal anisotropy harmonics in PbPb collisions at sqrt(s[NN]) = 2.76 TeV text January 2012
Effects of initial flow velocity fluctuation in event-by-event (3+1)D hydrodynamics text January 2012
Event-by-event anisotropic flow in heavy-ion collisions from combined Yang-Mills and viscous fluid dynamics text January 2012
Extracting the shear viscosity of the quark-gluon plasma from flow in ultra-central heavy-ion collisions text January 2012
Collective flow and viscosity in relativistic heavy-ion collisions text January 2013
Measurement of the distributions of event-by-event flow harmonics in lead--lead collisions at sqrt(s_NN)=2.76 TeV with the ATLAS detector at the LHC text January 2013
Higher harmonics of azimuthal anisotropy in relativistic heavy ion collisions in HYDJET++ model text January 2013
Generic framework for anisotropic flow analyses with multi-particle azimuthal correlations text January 2013
Flow harmonics within an analytically solvable viscous hydrodynamic model text January 2014
The iEBE-VISHNU code package for relativistic heavy-ion collisions preprint January 2014
The importance of the bulk viscosity of QCD in ultrarelativistic heavy-ion collisions text January 2015
Collective flow in event-by-event partonic transport plus hydrodynamics hybrid approach text January 2015
Symmetric cumulants and event-plane correlations in Pb+Pb collisions text January 2016
Constraints on rapidity-dependent initial conditions from charged particle pseudorapidity densities and two-particle correlations text January 2016
Flow Study in Relativistic Nuclear Collisions by Fourier Expansion of Azimuthal Particle Distributions text January 1994
Formation of dense partonic matter in relativistic nucleus-nucleus collisions at RHIC: Experimental evaluation by the PHENIX collaboration text January 2004
Glauber Modeling in High Energy Nuclear Collisions text January 2007
Effects of fluctuations on the initial eccentricity from the Color Glass Condensate in heavy ion collisions text January 2006

Cited By (3)

Effects of initial-state dynamics on collective flow within a coupled transport and viscous hydrodynamic approach journal March 2018
Hydrodynamical response of plane correlation in Pb + Pb collisions at s NN = 2.76TeV journal October 2019
Investigations of Anisotropic Flow Using Multiparticle Azimuthal Correlations in $pp$, $p-Pb$, Xe-Xe, and Pb-Pb Collisions at the LHC text January 2019


Figures / Tables (13)