Temperature-dependent quantum efficiency degradation of K-Cs-Sb bialkali antimonide photocathodes grown by a triple-element codeposition method
Abstract
K-Cs-Sb bialkali antimonide photocathodes grown by a triple-element codeposition method have been found to have excellent quantum efficiency (QE) and outstanding near-atomic surface smoothness and have been employed in the VHF gun in the Advanced Photoinjector Experiment (APEX), however, their robustness in terms of their lifetime at elevated photocathode temperature has not yet been investigated. In this paper, the relationship between the lifetime of the K-Cs-Sb photocathode and the photocathode temperature has been investigated. The origin of the significant QE degradation at photocathode tem- peratures over 70 °C has been identified as the loss of cesium atoms from the K-Cs-Sb photocathode, based on the in situ x-ray analysis on the photocathode film during the decay process. The findings from this work will not only further the understanding of the behavior of K-Cs-Sb photocathodes at elevated temperature and help develop more temperature-robust cathodes, but also will become an important guide to the designand operation of the future high-field rf guns employing the use of such photocathodes.
- Authors:
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Lawrence Berkeley National Lab. (LBNL), Berkeley, CA (United States); Brookhaven National Lab. (BNL), Upton, NY (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE Office of Science (SC), Basic Energy Sciences (BES)
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1408196
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1420117; OSTI ID: 1425106
- Report Number(s):
- BNL-200034-2018-JAAM
Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9888; PRABCJ; 113401
- Grant/Contract Number:
- KC0407-ALSJNT-I0013; AC02-05CH11231; SC0012704
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Physical Review Accelerators and Beams
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Physical Review Accelerators and Beams Journal Volume: 20 Journal Issue: 11; Journal ID: ISSN 2469-9888
- Publisher:
- American Physical Society
- Country of Publication:
- United States
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 42 ENGINEERING
Citation Formats
Ding, Zihao, Karkare, Siddharth, Feng, Jun, Filippetto, Daniele, Johnson, Matthew, Virostek, Steve, Sannibale, Fernando, Nasiatka, James, Gaowei, Mengjia, Sinsheimer, John, Muller, Erik, Smedley, John, and Padmore, Howard. Temperature-dependent quantum efficiency degradation of K-Cs-Sb bialkali antimonide photocathodes grown by a triple-element codeposition method. United States: N. p., 2017.
Web. doi:10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.20.113401.
Ding, Zihao, Karkare, Siddharth, Feng, Jun, Filippetto, Daniele, Johnson, Matthew, Virostek, Steve, Sannibale, Fernando, Nasiatka, James, Gaowei, Mengjia, Sinsheimer, John, Muller, Erik, Smedley, John, & Padmore, Howard. Temperature-dependent quantum efficiency degradation of K-Cs-Sb bialkali antimonide photocathodes grown by a triple-element codeposition method. United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.20.113401
Ding, Zihao, Karkare, Siddharth, Feng, Jun, Filippetto, Daniele, Johnson, Matthew, Virostek, Steve, Sannibale, Fernando, Nasiatka, James, Gaowei, Mengjia, Sinsheimer, John, Muller, Erik, Smedley, John, and Padmore, Howard. Thu .
"Temperature-dependent quantum efficiency degradation of K-Cs-Sb bialkali antimonide photocathodes grown by a triple-element codeposition method". United States. https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.20.113401.
@article{osti_1408196,
title = {Temperature-dependent quantum efficiency degradation of K-Cs-Sb bialkali antimonide photocathodes grown by a triple-element codeposition method},
author = {Ding, Zihao and Karkare, Siddharth and Feng, Jun and Filippetto, Daniele and Johnson, Matthew and Virostek, Steve and Sannibale, Fernando and Nasiatka, James and Gaowei, Mengjia and Sinsheimer, John and Muller, Erik and Smedley, John and Padmore, Howard},
abstractNote = {K-Cs-Sb bialkali antimonide photocathodes grown by a triple-element codeposition method have been found to have excellent quantum efficiency (QE) and outstanding near-atomic surface smoothness and have been employed in the VHF gun in the Advanced Photoinjector Experiment (APEX), however, their robustness in terms of their lifetime at elevated photocathode temperature has not yet been investigated. In this paper, the relationship between the lifetime of the K-Cs-Sb photocathode and the photocathode temperature has been investigated. The origin of the significant QE degradation at photocathode tem- peratures over 70 °C has been identified as the loss of cesium atoms from the K-Cs-Sb photocathode, based on the in situ x-ray analysis on the photocathode film during the decay process. The findings from this work will not only further the understanding of the behavior of K-Cs-Sb photocathodes at elevated temperature and help develop more temperature-robust cathodes, but also will become an important guide to the designand operation of the future high-field rf guns employing the use of such photocathodes.},
doi = {10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.20.113401},
journal = {Physical Review Accelerators and Beams},
number = 11,
volume = 20,
place = {United States},
year = {Thu Nov 09 00:00:00 EST 2017},
month = {Thu Nov 09 00:00:00 EST 2017}
}
https://doi.org/10.1103/PhysRevAccelBeams.20.113401
Web of Science
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