Effects of vulture exclusion on carrion consumption by facultative scavengers

Hill, Jacob E.; DeVault, Travis L.; Beasley, James C.; Rhodes, Jr., Olin E.; Belant, Jerrold L.

doi:10.1002/ece3.3840

Title: Effects of vulture exclusion on carrion consumption by facultative scavengers

Journal Article · 01 February 2018 · Ecology and Evolution

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3840 · OSTI ID:1419087

^[1]; DeVault, Travis L. ^[2]; Beasley, James C. ^[3]; Rhodes, Jr., Olin E. ^[3]; Belant, Jerrold L. ^[1]

Mississippi State Univ., Mississippi State, MS (United States)
U.S. Department of Agriculture, Sandusky, OH (United States)
Univ. of Georgia, Aiken, SC (United States); Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States)

Vultures provide an essential ecosystem service through removal of carrion, but glob-ally, many populations are collapsing and several species are threatened with extinction. Widespread declines in vulture populations could increase the availability of carrion to other organisms, but the ways facultative scavengers might respond to this increase have not been thoroughly explored. We aimed to determine whether facultative scavengers increase carrion consumption in the absence of vulture competition and whether they are capable of functionally replacing vultures in the removal of car-rion biomass from the landscape. We experimentally excluded 65 rabbit carcasses from vultures during daylight hours and placed an additional 65 carcasses that were accessible to vultures in forested habitat in South Carolina, USA during summer (June–August). We used motion- activated cameras to compare carrion use by facultative scavenging species between the experimental and control carcasses. Scavenging by facultative scavengers did not increase in the absence of competition with vultures. We found no difference in scavenger presence between control carcasses and those from which vultures were excluded. Eighty percent of carcasses from which vultures were excluded were not scavenged by vertebrates, compared to 5% of carcasses that were accessible to vultures. At the end of the 7- day trials, there was a 10.1- fold in-crease in the number of experimental carcasses that were not fully scavenged com-pared to controls. Facultative scavengers did not functionally replace vultures during summer in our study. This finding may have been influenced by the time of the year in which the study took place, the duration of the trials, and the spacing of carcass sites. Our results suggest that under the warm and humid conditions of our study, facultative scavengers would not compensate for loss of vultures. Carcasses would persist longer in the environment and consumption of carrion would likely shift from vertebrates to decomposers. Such changes could have substantial implications for disease transmission, nutrient cycling, and ecosystem functioning.

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Research Organization:: Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE

Grant/Contract Number:: EM0004391; DE‐EM0004391

OSTI ID:: 1419087

Alternate ID(s):: OSTI ID: 1419088; OSTI ID: 1509713

Journal Information:: Ecology and Evolution, Vol. 8, Issue 5; ISSN 2045-7758

Publisher:: WileyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 53 works

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Data from: Effects of vulture exclusion on carrion consumption by facultative scavengers Hill, Jacob E.; DeVault, Travis L.; Beasley, James C. Dryad https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.6qd19	dataset	January 2019
Data from: Effects of vulture exclusion on carrion consumption by facultative scavengers Hill, Jacob E.; DeVault, Travis L.; Beasley, James C. Dryad https://doi.org/10.5061/dryad.6qd19	dataset	January 2019
Abiotic and biotic factors modulate carrion fate and vertebrate scavenging communities Turner, Kelsey L.; Abernethy, Erin F.; Conner, L. Mike Ecology, Vol. 98, Issue 9 https://doi.org/10.1002/ecy.1930	journal	September 2017
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Understanding how mammalian scavengers use information from avian scavengers: cue from above Kane, Adam; Kendall, Corinne J. Journal of Animal Ecology, Vol. 86, Issue 4 https://doi.org/10.1111/1365-2656.12663	journal	March 2017
The first whole genome and transcriptome of the cinereous vulture reveals adaptation in the gastric and immune defense systems and possible convergent evolution between the Old and New World vultures Chung, Oksung; Jin, Seondeok; Cho, Yun Sung Genome Biology, Vol. 16, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1186/s13059-015-0780-4	journal	October 2015
Nuisance Ecology: Do Scavenging Condors Exact Foraging Costs on Pumas in Patagonia? Elbroch, L. Mark; Wittmer, Heiko U. PLoS ONE, Vol. 8, Issue 1 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0053595	journal	January 2013
Microbial Community Functional Change during Vertebrate Carrion Decomposition Pechal, Jennifer L.; Crippen, Tawni L.; Tarone, Aaron M. PLoS ONE, Vol. 8, Issue 11 https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0079035	journal	November 2013
Destruction of Bacteria in the Digestive Tract of the Maggot of Lucilia sericata (Diptera: Calliphoridae) Mumcuoglu, Kosta Y.; Miller, Jacqueline; Mumcuoglu, Michael Journal of Medical Entomology, Vol. 38, Issue 2 https://doi.org/10.1603/0022-2585-38.2.161	journal	March 2001
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Modelling the effects of sanitary policies on European vulture conservation Margalida, A.; Colomer, M. À. Nature Publishing Group https://doi.org/10.7892/boris.16615	text	January 2012

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