Effects of vulture exclusion on carrion consumption by facultative scavengers
Abstract
Abstract Vultures provide an essential ecosystem service through removal of carrion, but globally, many populations are collapsing and several species are threatened with extinction. Widespread declines in vulture populations could increase the availability of carrion to other organisms, but the ways facultative scavengers might respond to this increase have not been thoroughly explored. We aimed to determine whether facultative scavengers increase carrion consumption in the absence of vulture competition and whether they are capable of functionally replacing vultures in the removal of carrion biomass from the landscape. We experimentally excluded 65 rabbit carcasses from vultures during daylight hours and placed an additional 65 carcasses that were accessible to vultures in forested habitat in South Carolina, USA during summer (June–August). We used motion‐activated cameras to compare carrion use by facultative scavenging species between the experimental and control carcasses. Scavenging by facultative scavengers did not increase in the absence of competition with vultures. We found no difference in scavenger presence between control carcasses and those from which vultures were excluded. Eighty percent of carcasses from which vultures were excluded were not scavenged by vertebrates, compared to 5% of carcasses that were accessible to vultures. At the end of the 7‐day trials, theremore »
- Authors:
-
[1];
- Carnivore Ecology Laboratory Forest and Wildlife Research Center Mississippi State University Mississippi State MS USA
- Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service Wildlife Services National Wildlife Research Center U.S. Department of Agriculture Sandusky OH USA
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory University of Georgia Aiken SC USA, Warnell School of Forestry and Natural Resources University of Georgia Athens GA USA
- Savannah River Ecology Laboratory University of Georgia Aiken SC USA, Odum School of Ecology University of Georgia Athens GA USA
- Publication Date:
- Research Org.:
- Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States)
- Sponsoring Org.:
- USDOE
- OSTI Identifier:
- 1419087
- Alternate Identifier(s):
- OSTI ID: 1419088; OSTI ID: 1509713
- Grant/Contract Number:
- DE‐EM0004391; EM0004391
- Resource Type:
- Published Article
- Journal Name:
- Ecology and Evolution
- Additional Journal Information:
- Journal Name: Ecology and Evolution Journal Volume: 8 Journal Issue: 5; Journal ID: ISSN 2045-7758
- Publisher:
- Wiley Blackwell (John Wiley & Sons)
- Country of Publication:
- United Kingdom
- Language:
- English
- Subject:
- 54 ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCES; Cathartes aura; competition; scavenging
Citation Formats
Hill, Jacob E., DeVault, Travis L., Beasley, James C., Rhodes, Jr, Olin E., and Belant, Jerrold L. Effects of vulture exclusion on carrion consumption by facultative scavengers. United Kingdom: N. p., 2018.
Web. doi:10.1002/ece3.3840.
Hill, Jacob E., DeVault, Travis L., Beasley, James C., Rhodes, Jr, Olin E., & Belant, Jerrold L. Effects of vulture exclusion on carrion consumption by facultative scavengers. United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3840
Hill, Jacob E., DeVault, Travis L., Beasley, James C., Rhodes, Jr, Olin E., and Belant, Jerrold L. Thu .
"Effects of vulture exclusion on carrion consumption by facultative scavengers". United Kingdom. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.3840.
@article{osti_1419087,
title = {Effects of vulture exclusion on carrion consumption by facultative scavengers},
author = {Hill, Jacob E. and DeVault, Travis L. and Beasley, James C. and Rhodes, Jr, Olin E. and Belant, Jerrold L.},
abstractNote = {Abstract Vultures provide an essential ecosystem service through removal of carrion, but globally, many populations are collapsing and several species are threatened with extinction. Widespread declines in vulture populations could increase the availability of carrion to other organisms, but the ways facultative scavengers might respond to this increase have not been thoroughly explored. We aimed to determine whether facultative scavengers increase carrion consumption in the absence of vulture competition and whether they are capable of functionally replacing vultures in the removal of carrion biomass from the landscape. We experimentally excluded 65 rabbit carcasses from vultures during daylight hours and placed an additional 65 carcasses that were accessible to vultures in forested habitat in South Carolina, USA during summer (June–August). We used motion‐activated cameras to compare carrion use by facultative scavenging species between the experimental and control carcasses. Scavenging by facultative scavengers did not increase in the absence of competition with vultures. We found no difference in scavenger presence between control carcasses and those from which vultures were excluded. Eighty percent of carcasses from which vultures were excluded were not scavenged by vertebrates, compared to 5% of carcasses that were accessible to vultures. At the end of the 7‐day trials, there was a 10.1‐fold increase in the number of experimental carcasses that were not fully scavenged compared to controls. Facultative scavengers did not functionally replace vultures during summer in our study. This finding may have been influenced by the time of the year in which the study took place, the duration of the trials, and the spacing of carcass sites. Our results suggest that under the warm and humid conditions of our study, facultative scavengers would not compensate for loss of vultures. Carcasses would persist longer in the environment and consumption of carrion would likely shift from vertebrates to decomposers. Such changes could have substantial implications for disease transmission, nutrient cycling, and ecosystem functioning.},
doi = {10.1002/ece3.3840},
journal = {Ecology and Evolution},
number = 5,
volume = 8,
place = {United Kingdom},
year = {Thu Feb 01 00:00:00 EST 2018},
month = {Thu Feb 01 00:00:00 EST 2018}
}
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Cited by: 49 works
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Figures / Tables:
Figure 1: Turkey vultures (Cathartes aura) scavenging a rabbit carcass at the Savannah River Site, Aiken, SC
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