Electrochemical Formation of Germanene: pH 4.5

Ledina, M. A.; Bui, N.; Liang, X.; Kim, Y. -G.; Jung, J.; Perdue, B.; Tsang, C.; Drnec, J.; Carla, F.; Soriaga, M. P.; Reber, T. J.; Stickney, J. L.

doi:10.1149/2.1221707jes

Title: Electrochemical Formation of Germanene: pH 4.5

Journal Article · 27 May 2017 · Journal of the Electrochemical Society

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1149/2.1221707jes · OSTI ID:1418637

Ledina, M. A. ^[1]; Bui, N. ^[1]; Liang, X. ^[1]; Kim, Y. -G. ^[2]; Jung, J. ^[1]; Perdue, B. ^[1]; Tsang, C. ^[1]; Drnec, J. ^[3]; Carla, F. ^[3]; Soriaga, M. P. ^[2]; Reber, T. J. ^[4]; Stickney, J. L. ^[4]

Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States). Dept. of Chemistry
California Inst. of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)
European Synchrotron Radiation Facility (ESRF), Grenoble (France)
Univ. of Georgia, Athens, GA (United States). Department of Chemistry

Germanene is a single layer allotrope of Ge, with a honeycomb structure similar to graphene. This report concerns the electrochemical formation of germanene in a pH 4.5 solution. The studies were performed using in situ Electrochemical Scanning Tunneling Microscopy (EC-STM), voltammetry, coulometry, surface X-ray diffraction (SXRD) and Raman spectroscopy to study germanene electrodeposition on Au(111) terraces. The deposition of Ge is kinetically slow and stops after 2–3 monolayers. EC-STM revealed a honeycomb (HC) structure with a rhombic unit cell, 0.44 ± 0.02 nm on a side, very close to that predicted for germanene in the literature. Ideally the HC structure is a continuous sheet, with six Ge atoms around each hole. However, only small domains, surrounded by defects, of this structure were observed in this study. The small coherence length and multiple rotations domains made direct observation with surface X-ray diffraction difficult. Raman spectroscopy was used to investigate the multi-layer Ge deposits. A peak near 290 cm^-1, predicted to correspond to germanene, was observed on one particular area of the sample, while the rest resembled amorphous germanium. Electrochemical studies of germanene showed limited stability when exposed to oxygen.

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Research Organization:: California Institute of Technology (CalTech), Pasadena, CA (United States)

Sponsoring Organization:: USDOE Office of Science (SC); National Science Foundation (NSF); Gordon and Betty Moore Foundation (GBMF)

Grant/Contract Number:: SC0004993; CHE-1214152

OSTI ID:: 1418637

Journal Information:: Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Vol. 164, Issue 7; ISSN 0013-4651

Publisher:: The Electrochemical SocietyCopyright Statement

Country of Publication:: United States

Language:: English

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Cited by: 15 works

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